Rhagoletis freidbergi, Korneyev & I., 2019

Korneyev, Severyn V. & I., Valery A. Korneyev I., 2019, Description of a new species of the genus Rhagoletis Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Nepal, with a key to species from Central and Southern Asia, Israel Journal of Entomology (Oxford, England) 49 (2), pp. 87-97 : 88-93

Key to the species of Rhagoletis occurring in the mountains of Central and Southern Asia

(including the Middle East from Iran to Kyrghyzstan and Nepal; Caucasian species are also included in square brackets)

1 Ground colour of thoraX predominantly yellow (at most scutum, katepisternum, meron, and metatergite with brown or black spots).........................................2

– Ground colour of thoraX predominantly black (at most postprononal lobe, scutellum and parts of pleuron yellow)..........................................................11

2 Abdominal tergites mainly black with yellow posterior margins. Wing with complete subapical band connected to anterior apical band ( Fig. 7)................. ...................................................... [ R. caucasica Kandybina & Richter, 1976 ]

– Abdominal tergites mainly orange, at most with paired black spots. Wing pattern variable.............................................................................................................3

3 ThoraX shining orange, non­microtrichose. Mediotergite orange­yellow with 2 lateral black spots. Wing with complete subapical band separated from short, spot-like anterior and posterior apical bands ( Fig. 5). Abdominal tergites with pair of round submedial spots............ R. rohdendorfi Korneyev & Merz, 1997

– ThoraX matt brownish yellow to orange, sparsely microtrichose. Mediotergite, abdominal tergites and wing pattern variable ..................................................4

4 Abdominal tergites entirely orange, without black spots.................................5

– Abdominal tergites with dark pattern ............................................................10

5 Accessory costal band entirely lacking; subapical and apical bands fused (Fig. 10). Mediotergite and oviscape reddish yellow (at most mediotergite with pair of dorsal stripes); oviscape as long as tergites 5–6 combined........................... .................................................................................... R. emiliae Richter, 1976

– Accessory costal band present (Figs 11–16), although connected with apical crossband in R. turanica (Fig. 11). Other characters variable ........................6

discal accessory apical anterior apical

6 Mediotergite and oviscape entirely reddish yellow, the latter as long as tergites 5 and 6 combined.Accessory costal band fused with anterior apical band; subapical band widely separated from anterior apical band in cell r 4+5 (Fig. 11) .............. ........................................................................ R. turanica ( Rohdendorf, 1961)

Figs 10–19: Rhagoletis wings: (10) R. emiliae ; (11) R. turanica ; (12) R. quamplurima ; (13 – 15) R. alternata (variation of pattern); (16) R. almatensis ; (17) R. flavicincta ; (18) R. flavigenualis ; (19) R. batava . Scale 1 mm.Arrows point to key characters. Fig. 12 redrawn from Ito (2011), with changes; Figs 17 – 19, from Korneyev et al. (2017), with permission.

– Mediotergite at least with pair of black spots or entirely dark. Other characters variable.............................................................................................................7

7 Mediotergite with pair of large black spots separated by medial vitta ............8

– Mediotergite entirely black..............................................................................9

8 Mesonotum brownish yellow setulose. Oviscape entirely orange. [Wing: Figs 13–15] ................................................................... R. alternata (Fallén, 1817)

– Mesonotum black setulose. Oviscape laterally black. [Wing: Fig. 12] ............. .................................................................................. R. quamplurima Ito, 2011

9 Subapical and anterior apical bands broadly connected ( Fig. 8). Oviscape mainly orange, as long as tergites 4–6 combined. Accessory costal band isolated from or connected to anterior apical band ..... R. samojlovitshae ( Rohdendorf, 1961) [in part, light­coloured females]

– Subapical and anterior apical bands widely separated along vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 1). Oviscape entirely black, conspicuously shorter than tergites 5 and 6 combined. Accessory costal band always separated from anterior apical band.................. .................................................................................. R. meigenii (Loew, 1862)

10 Abdominal tergites 3–6 in female (unknown in male) with lateral black round spots separated by yellow interspaces much wider than individual spot ( Fig. 23). Wing with subapical and anterior apical bands narrowly separated at apeX of vein R 2+3 ( Fig. 3).............................................................. R. freidbergi n. sp.

– Abdominal tergites 3–5 (and female 6) on anterior halves with transverse dark bars medially separated by yellow interspaces much narrower than dark area .............................................................. R. samojlovitshae ( Rohdendorf, 1961) [in part, specimens with dark spotted abdominal tergites]

11 Accessory costal band present ( Figs 2, 4, 7, 9), although sometimes fused with subapical and apical bands in R. nigripes and R. berberidis ). Other characters variable ..........................................................................................................12

– Accessory costal band entirely lacking (Figs 17–19). Subapical and anterior apical bands connected ..................................................................................20

12 Femora yellow. Discal band variable.............................................................13

– Femora black. Distance between discal and subapical bands along vein M narrower than discal band (or at most as wide as) ( Figs 9, 16) .....................18

13 Subapical band present, at least on posterior half of wing; crossvein dm–cu entirely within the dark field; posterior apical band present or absent..........14

– Subapical, anterior and posterior apical bands incomplete, broken into small separated spots ( Fig. 6). Crossvein dm–cu at most partially covered by dark markings. Abdominal tergites black, sparsely gray microtrichose, with yellow bands along posterior margins ........................ R. rumpomaculata Hardy, 1964

14 Subapical and anterior apical bands connected in cell r 2+3 (as in Figs 7, 9) .......................................................................................................................15

– Subapical and anterior apical bands widely separated in cell r 2+3 ( Figs 2, 4) .......................................................................................................................17

15 Discal band conspicuously narrower than hyaline interspace between it and subapical band along vein M ( Fig. 7). Larger: wing length> 3.7 mm.Associated with Berberis ..................................................................................................16

– Discal band as wide as or wider than hyaline interspace between it and subapical band along vein M (Fig. 16). Smaller: wing length <3.7 mm. Associated with Lonicera ......................................................... R. almatensis Rohdendorf, 1961

16 Female: oviscape very long, at least 4× longer than subcostal cell. Male: proсtiger as long as, and surstyli longer than subcostal cell ............................................. ................................................................ R. magniterebra ( Rohdendorf, 1961)

– Female: oviscape at most 1.5–2× as long as subcostal cell. Male: proctiger shorter, and surstyli hardly as long as subcostal cell ......................................... ................................................................... R. chumsanica ( Rohdendorf, 1961)

17 Wing with anterior and posterior apical bands widely connected along costa in cell r 2+3; but separated from subapical band along vein R 4+5 ( Fig. 2). Thoracic pleuron anterior and posterior to anterior spiracle widely black. Abdominal tergites mostly black, tergites 2–5 (and female 6) with very narrow, yellowish brown at posterior margin, medially wider, in males tergites also yellow on lateral margin [oviscape characters missing in the original description]........... ............................................................................................ R. nakaoi Ito, 2011

– Wing with anterior apical band reduced to rounded dark spot at tip of vein R 4+5, widely separated from subapical band along costa in cell r 2+3 ( Fig. 4). Thoracic pleuron anterior and posterior to anterior spiracle widely with yellowish brown dark spots. All abdominal tergites brownish black, tergites 2–5 with wider brownish yellow posterior margin (at least 0.25–0.30 of length); tergite 6 of female widely brownish yellow, with 3 black dots on anterior margin. Oviscape shining black, as long as tergite 6 ...................................... R. yasudai Ito, 2011

18 Scutellum entirely black .................................... R. nigripes Rohdendorf, 1961

– Scutellum mostly yellow ...............................................................................19

19 Scutum black with four silvery microtrichose vittae; scutellum entirely yellow, eXcept faint anterior band. Wing with anterior apical band crossing vein M and entering into cell m (as shown on Fig. 16). Larvae in Lonicera and cherry fruits........................................................................ R. cerasi (Linnaeus, 1758)

– Scutum entirely shining black without microtrichose vittae; anterior margin of scutellum black. Wing with apical crossband touching vein M apeX, but not entering into cell m ( Fig. 9, arrow). Larvae in Berberis seeds .......................... ...............................................................................[ R. berberidis Jermy, 1961 ]

20 Anterior apical band entirely contiguous with apical wing margin (Fig. 17). Larvae in Lonicera ........................................... R. flavicincta Enderlein, 1934

– Anterior apical band separated from apical wing margin by crescentic marginal hyaline area (Figs 18, 19). Not associated with Lonicera .............................21

21 Femora yellow. Associated with Juniperus ...................................................22

– Femora black. Not associated with Juniperus ...............................................23 22 Posterior surface of head completely yellow, at most with narrow black streaks along sutures. Wing pattern brownish yellow (Fig. 18). Larger: wing length ≥ 4.0 mm ............................................................. R. flavigenualis Hering, 1958

– Occiput with broad black patch on dorsal third. Wing pattern blackish brown. Smaller: wing length ≤ 4.0 mm........................ R. mongolica Kandybina, 1972

23 Smaller: wing length in male <2.45 mm (2.0– 2.4 mm), in female <2.55 mm (2.2–2.5 mm). Associated with Rhamnus .......................................................... ....................................................... [ R. bagheera Richter & Kandybina, 1997 ]

– Larger: wing length in male> 2.45 mm (2.5–3.2 mm), in female> 2.55 mm (2.6–3.2 mm) (Fig. 19). Associated with Hippophae ........................................ ..................................................................................... R. batava Hering, 1958