Spectracanthicini Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989

Armbruster, Jonathan W. & Lujan, Nathan K., 2024, New tribe-level classification of Hypostominae (Loricariidae) based on optimization of morphological states on DNA-based relationships, with descriptions of three new tribes and two new genera, Neotropical Ichthyology (e 240108) 22 (4) : -

Tribe Spectracanthicini Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1989

Type-genus. Sepctracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987

Included genera.

Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel, 1989:245 . Type-species: Hypostomus niveatus Castelnau, 1855 . See Rapp Py-Daniel et al. (2011).

Hemiancistrus Bleeker, 1862:2 . Type-species: Ancistrus medians Kner, 1854 . See Fisch-Muller et al. (2012) and Armbruster et al. (2015).

Parancistrus Bleeker, 1862:2 . Type-species: Hypostomus aurantiacus Castelnau, 1855 . See Rapp Py-Daniel (1989) and Rapp Py-Daniel, Zuanon (2005). Synonym: Acanthodemus Marschall, 1873 .

Spectracanthicus Nijssen, Isbrücker, 1987:93 . Type-species: Spectracanthicus murinus Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1987 . See Rapp Py-Daniel (1989) and Chamon, Rapp Py-Daniel (2014).

Phylogenetic diagnosis. Posterior region of hyomandibula deflected mesially causing opercle to sit at almost right angle to main body axis (42:1), opercle not supporting odontodes (79:1), and curved anterolateral processes of basipterygium that meet or nearly meet at midline (167:0).

Comparative diagnosis. Spectracanthicini cannot be separated from all other hypostomines as a group. Baryancistrus , ‘ B. ’ beggini , ‘ B. ’ demantoides , Parancistrus , and

Spectracanthicus can be separated from all except ‘ Spectracanthicus ’ immaculatus of the

Peckoltini by having a fully adnate dorsal fin and a posterior extension of the dorsalfin membrane that reaches either the adipose fin or at least two plates posterior to the insertion of the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray (vs. posterior dorsal-fin membrane maximally extending one plate from the insertion of the posteriormost dorsal-fin ray and never reaching adipose fin); all of these except ‘ B ’. beggini can be separated from ‘ S. ’

immaculatus by having light spots (vs. solid gray or black). Hemiancistrus medians can be separated from all other hypostomines except the Acanthicini by having all odontodes on the head and lateral plates arranged in lines (vs. scattered) and from the Acanthicini by having many very small odontodes in lines (vs. very few, fairly large odontodes) and by having seven dorsal-fin rays (vs. eight to 10). Some Baryancistrus , ‘ B. ’ demantoides , ‘ H. ’ guahiborum , and ‘ H. ’ subviridis can be separated from most other Hypostominae by having a light-colored (white, yellow, or orange) margin to the dorsal fin.