Parahiraciina Cheng & Yang, 1991

Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2024, Issid planthoppers from Bach Ma and Phong Dien in Central Vietnam. I. Tribe Parahiraciini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 975, pp. 1-64 : 4-6

Subtribe Parahiraciina Cheng & Yang, 1991

Type genus

Parahiracia Ôuchi, 1940 (junior synonym of Fortunia Distant, 1909 ).

Diagnosis

All Vietnamese Parahiraciini belong to the subtribe Parahiraciina ( Bourgoin & Wang 2020; Bourgoin 2024), which was defined by Bourgoin & Wang (2020) based on a combination of characters of the hind wings:

(1) hindwings bilobate, strongly notched at CuP with CuP-Pcu-A1 lobe generally wider than Sc-R-MP-CuA lobe; the two lobes almost the same length;

(2) posterior margin of hindwings not or indistinctly notched at A1 2;

(3) A2 lobe of hindwings with anal area posterior to A1 strongly reduced, much shorter and much thinner than the anterior lobes;

(4) hindwings with Sc-R-MP-CuA and CuP-Pcu-A1 lobes covered with a set of numerous transverse veins;

(5) hindwings with CuA and CuP not merging before the anterior notch;

(6) hindwings with Pcu and A1 1 not merging in basal half of forewing;

(7) hindwings with A2 present, not branched or absent. In some species, a transverse a2-a1 connecting A2 with A1 at the level of its basal branching (e.g., in Tetricodes tamdaoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018 ).

Checklist of the Parahiraciini of Vietnam

Bardunia curvinaso Gnezdilov, 2011

Brevicopius gorochovi Gnezdilov, 2017

Brevicopius jianfenglingensis ( Chen, Zhang & Chang, 2014)

Cyclopissus corticalis gen. et sp. nov.

Flavina acuta Ran & Liang, 2006

Flavina bachmana sp. nov.

Flavina lami sp. nov.

Flavina quangi sp. nov.

Fortunia byrrhoides (Walker, 1858)

Fortunia viridis (Lallemand, 1942)

Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994

Laohiracia acuta Constant, 2021

Pseudochoutagus lindae sp. nov.

Pseudochoutagus rubens Gnezdilov & Constant, 2012

Pseudochoutagus trungi sp. nov.

Pumatiracia venosa Constant & Pham, 2023

Pusulissus bachmaensis sp. nov.

Pusulissus phiaoacensis Bourgoin & Wang, 2020

Pusulissus quangninhensis Constant & Pham, 2024

Rostrolatum curviceps Constant & Pham, 2024

Tetricodes pacoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018

Tetricodes tamdaoensis Vanslembrouck & Constant, 2018

Thabena frontocolorata Gnezdilov, 2015

Key to the genera of Parahiraciini of Vietnam

1. Head elongate, with vertex at least 1.2 times as long as wide ( Fig. 29A ; Constant & Pham 2023: fig. 2a) ............................................................................................................................................... 2

– Head not elongate, with vertex not more than 1.0 times as long as wide ( Figs 8A , 20A ) ............... 5

2. Head moderately elongate, about 1.2 times as long as wide, not forming a distinct cephalic process ( Constant & Pham 2023: fig. 2a); genae with strong carina under antennae ( Constant & Pham 2023: fig. 2c–d) .................................................................................. Pumatiracia Constant & Pham, 2023

– Head strongly elongate, forming a distinct cephalic process ( Fig. 29A ); genae without infraocular carina ( Fig. 29C–D ) .......................................................................................................................... 3

3. Cephalic process downcurved ( Constant & Pham 2024: fig. 28C) ................................................... ............................................................................................. Rostrolatum Che, Zhang & Wang, 2020

– Cephalic process straight or slightly upcurved apically ( Fig. 29C ) .................................................. 4

4. Cephalic process straight in lateral view with dorsal and ventral longitudinal carinae obvious at least on distal half ( Constant 2021: fig. 1f–i); eyes roundly projecting laterally ( Constant 2021: fig. 1f); anterior margin of pronotum strongly projecting anteriorly ( Constant 2021: fig.1f);hind wings densely reticulate with vein Pcu strongly curved ( Constant 2021: fig. 2b) .......... Laohiracia Constant, 2021

– Cephalic process is slightly curved dorsad in lateral view, with weak dorsal and ventral longitudinal carinae ( Figs 25A–D , 29A–D ); eyes weakly projecting laterally; anterior margin of pronotum is curved but not strongly projecting anteriorly ( Figs 25A , 29A ); hind wings moderately reticulate with vein Pcu weakly curved and well distinct ( Figs 25E , 29E ) ................................................................ ..................................................................................... Pseudochoutagus Che, Zhang & Wang, 2011

5. Angle between vertex and frons obtuse or right, with frons projecting anteriorly, visible in dorsal aspect ( Constant & Pham 2024: fig. 37c–d; Gnezdilov 2017: figs 40, 42) ...................................... 6

– Angle between vertex and frons more or less strongly acute, with frons not visible in dorsal aspect ( Figs 8A, C , 20A, C ) ......................................................................................................................... 8

6. Tegmina with hypocostal plate ......................................................................................................... 7

– Tegmina without hypocostal plate ..................................................................... Bardunia Stål, 1863

7. Frons rather short and wide; right angle between vertex and frons; dorsal margin of frons concave ( Gnezdilov 2017: figs 40, 42–43) ......................................... Brevicopius Meng, Qin & Wang, 2015

– Frons rather elongate and narrow; obtuse angle between vertex and frons; dorsal margin of frons straight ( Constant & Pham 2024: fig. 37c–d, g–h) ........................................ Fortunia Distant, 1909

8. Frons with large, black, oculiform, shiny marking in the dorsal portion ( Fig. 4B ) .......................... 9

– Frons without black, oculiform marking in the dorsal portion ( Figs 8B , 20B ) .............................. 10

9. CuA vein of the tegmen straight and reaching the hind margin of the tegmen ( Fig. 3A, C ); capitulum of the gonostyli with a rather long neck ( Fig. 5A–B ); aedeagus with a pair of elongate symmetrical, lateroventral processes projecting caudad ( Fig. 5E ) ......................................... Cyclopissus gen. nov.

– CuA vein of the tegmen sinuate and not reaching the hind margin ( Vanslembrouck & Constant 2018: fig. 1a, e); capitulum of the gonostyli with a short neck ( Vanslembrouck & Constant 2018: fig. 2a); aedeagus without lateroventral processes ( Vanslembrouck & Constant 2018: fig. 2c) ...................... ...................................................................................................................... Tetricodes Fennah, 1956

10. Vertex transverse, at least about twice as wide as long in midline ( Fig. 20A ) ................................11

– Vertex subquadrate, about 1.1 times as wide as long in midline ( Fig. 8A ) .......... Flavina Stål, 1861

11. Frons about as long a wide, with median carina and a transverse carina under the dorsal margin ( Fig. 20B ); aedeagus rather complex with multiple lobes and processes ( Fig. 21E–J ) .................. 12

– Frons elongate, at least 1.2 times as long in midline as wide, with median carina extending from dorsal margin almost to frontoclypeal suture and without transverse carina under dorsal margin ( Fig. 33B ); aedeagus rather simple, with a single pair of ventral processes curved anterodorsad ( Fig. 34F–K ) .............................................................................. Pusulissus Bourgoin & Wang, 2020

12. Suspensorium well developed; ventral lobe of periandrium strongly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 21E– J ) ................................................................................................................... Gelastyrella Yang, 1994

– Suspensorium small; ventral lobe of periandrium straight in lateral view ( Zhang et al. 2020: figs 148h, 150h) .................................................................................................................... Thabena Stål, 1866

Figures

Fig. 29. Pseudochoutagus trungi sp. nov., holotype ♀ (VNMN). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing.

Fig. 8. Flavina bachmana sp. nov. A–E. Holotype ♂ (VNMN). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing. F. Paratype ♀ (VNMN), terminalia, ventral view. Abbreviation: see Material and methods.

Fig. 20.Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994. A–E. ♂ (RBINS). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view.B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing. F. ♀ (RBINS), terminalia, ventral view. Abbreviation: see Material and methods.

Fig. 25. Pseudochoutagus lindae sp. nov. A–E. Holotype ♂ (VNMN). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing. F. Paratype ♀ (RBINS), terminalia, ventral view. Abbreviation: see Material and methods.

Fig. 4. Cyclopissus corticalis gen. et sp. nov. A–E. Holotype ♂ (VNMN). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing. F. Paratype ♀ (VNMN), terminalia, ventral view. Abbreviation: see Material and methods.

Fig. 3. Cyclopissus corticalis gen. et sp. nov., dissected holotype, ♂ (VNMN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Right hind leg, ventral view. E. Metatarsus and apex of metatibia, ventral view.

Fig. 5. Cyclopissus corticalis gen. et sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (VNMN). A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Posterolateral view. C. Caudal view. D. Dorsal view. E–J. Aedeagus. E. Left lateral view. F. Left laterodorsal view. G. Posteroventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Anterodorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 21. Gelastyrella litaoensis Yang, 1994, ♂ (VNMN). A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Posterolateral view. C. Caudal view. D. Dorsal view. E–J. Aedeagus. E. Caudal view. F. Left lateral view. G. Dorsal view. H. Ventral view. I. Lateroventral view. J. Laterodorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 33. Pusulissus bachmaensis sp. nov. A–E. Holotype ♂ (RBINS). A. Head and thorax, dorsal view. B. Frons, perpendicular view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. E. Right hind wing. F. Paratype ♀ (VNMN), terminalia, ventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.

Fig. 34. Pusulissus bachmaensis sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (RBINS). A–D. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Posterolateral view. C. Caudal view. D. Dorsal view. E–L. Aedeagus. E. Posteroventral view. F. Left lateral view. G. Left laterodorsal view. H. Anterodorsal view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. K. Anteroventral view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods.