Hyalaus, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2024

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2024, Taxonomic advances driven by the genomic analysis of butterflies, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 11 (7), pp. 1-43 : 4-5

Hyalaus Grishin , new subgenus

http://zoobank.org/ 3F5F76FC-9BDA-48A2-A6C2-53C0C2E49C2D

Type species. Papilio epidaus E. Doubleday, 1846 .

Definition. Genomic phylogeny that includes type species of all available genus-group names in Eurytides Hübner, [1821] (type species Eurytides iphitas Hübner, [1821] ) reveals a lineage consisting of Eurytides epidaus (E. Doubleday, 1846) (type locality in Mexico (Yucatan) and Honduras) ( Fig. 1 magenta) that is sister to the subgenus Mimoides K. Brown, 1991 (type species Papilio ariarathes Esper, 1788 ). The subgenus Boreographium Grishin, 2021 (type species Papilio marcellus Cramer, 1777 ) is sister to both Mimoides and the lineage with E. epidaus . To keep the classification monophyletic, this Mimoides , or a new subgenus should be erected for it. Mimoides , as originally circumscribed, includes species unified by certain recognizable appearance,

and E. epidaus does not resemble this phenotype,

having a different look (Fig. 2) more similar to

Protesilaus W. Swainson, 1832 (type species

Papilio protesilaus Linnaeus, 1758 ). Moreover,

Mimoides is a genetically compact group ( Fig. 1),

and E. epidaus is separated from Mimoides by a prominent tree branch. The COI barcode difference between E. epidaus and E. ariarathes (the type species of Mimoides ) is 6.8% (45 bp), which is not atypical for species in different subgenera. For all these reasons, we propose to treat the lineage with

E. epidaus as a new subgenus. This new subgenus differs from others by the presence of a hyaline area on the forewing distad of the postdiscal discal dark band; more produced, rounder forewing apex similar in shape to that of Mimoides ; harpe with hookshaped process in the middle directed anteroventrad, also present in Boreographium but absent in others, e.g., in Mimoides , and differs from Boreographium by a broader dorsal keel and excavate distal margin. In DNA, a combination of the following characters is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: pgl8036.1.5:T51A, pgl231.44.1:G809A, pgl231.44.1:T816C, pgl 2266.11.4:T147C, pgl3034.5.5:T39A and in COI barcode: T133A, A352C, T364A, T454A, A541T. Etymology. In Greek, hyalos (ὕαλος) means glass; named for the glassy (i.e., hyaline) areas on forewings of the type species. The name is a masculine noun in the nominative singular.

Species included. Only the type species (i.e., Papilio epidaus E. Doubleday, 1846 ).

Parent taxon. Genus Eurytides Hübner, [1821] .

Comment. As a result, we partitioned the genus Eurytides into six subgenera: Mimoides , Hyalaus subgen. n., Boreographium , Neographium Möhn, 2002 (type species Papilio philolaus Boisduval, 1836 ), Eurytides , and Protesilaus W. Swainson, 1832 ( Fig. 1).