Atrusca dugesi ( Mayr, 1886 )

Cuesta-Porta, Victor, Melika, George, Ferrer-Suay, Mar, Vera-Ortiz, Alexis & Pujade-Villar, Juli, 2025, Review of the Nearctic and Neotropical genus Atrusca Kinsey, 1930 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini), Zootaxa 5617 (1), pp. 1-195 : 83-86

Atrusca dugesi ( Mayr, 1886)

Figs 249–261

Dryophanta dugesi Mayr, 1886: 370 .

Cynips (Atrusca) dugesi (Mayr) : Kinsey 1930: 278, female, gall.

Cynips dugesi variety dugesi (Mayr) : Kinsey 1930: 281, female, gall.

Cynips dugesi dugesi (Mayr) : Kinsey 1936: 109, female, gall.

Atrusca dugesi (Mayr) : Pujade-Villar, 2009: 818.

Types examined. According to Melika & Bechtold (2001) Mayr‘s type of Dryophanta Dugesi was not found in Mayr collection, at the Natural History Museum in Vienna where Mayr collection is deposited .

Material examined. Two females “San Felipe, Gto 8000’, 20SW, Mex., gall 12.7.31, 7 females 2.15.32”, “ Q. jaralensis Kinsey coll.”, “ Cynips dugesi Kinsey det. ‘33”, deposited in the general collection in AMNH, NYC, examined by GM .

Diagnosis. Atrusca dugesi is characterized by a reddish to reddish-brown body, short fore wings (0.76–1.15× as body length) that exhibits complete venation and the Rs of the radial cell is strongly curved distally, never almost straight, the coriaceous pronotum with or without delicate rugae laterally, the uniformly colored mesoscutum or with stripes only slightly darker than the color of the mesoscutum; and the coriaceous mesoscutellum, occasionally with lateral rugae, and rounded posteriorly, as in A. brevipennata . Atrusca dugesi differs from A. brevipennate by the mesoscutum with very few or no piliferous points, the central propodeal area is smooth and the fore wings are longer than body (1.10–1.15× the body length). In contrast, A. brevipennata exhibits the mesoscutum with conspicuous piliferous points, the central propodeal area displays transverse parallel delicate striae in the anterior third and irregular rugae posterolaterally, and the fore wings are shorter or subequal to body length (0.81–0.97× as body length).

Re-description. Asexual female ( Figs 249–260 ). Body, antenna, legs uniformly reddish brown.

Head transversely quadrangular in frontal view, alutaceous, with sparse white setae, 1.3× as broad as high and narrower than mesosoma in frontal view, 2.1× as broad as long in dorsal view. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye in frontal view, narrower than transverse diameter of eye in lateral view. Malar space alutaceous, without striae; malar sulcus absent; eye 2.0× as high as height of malar space. Inner margins of eyes slightly diverging ventrally. POL 1.3× as long as OOL; OOL 2.3× as long as diameter of lateral ocellus and 1.8× as long as LOL; all ocelli ovate, of same size. Transfacial distance 1.3× as long as height of eye and 1.4× as long as height of lower face; diameter of antennal torulus 1.35× as long as distance between them, distance between torulus and eye 1.2× as long as diameter of torulus; lower face alutaceous, shining, with white setae, without striae; slightly elevated median area alutaceous, shining, without setae. Interocellar area slightly elevated above head in frontal view; lateral ocelli prominent. Clypeus impressed, uniformly delicately coriaceous, rectangular, broader as high, with few setae; ventrally rounded, emarginate, without median incision; anterior tentorial pit large, rounded, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line broad, well impressed. Frons and interocellar area alutaceous-reticulate, without striae, with a few short setae. Vertex, occiput, postgena uniformly alutaceous, with sparse white setae; postocciput smooth, shining, posterior tentorial pit large, ovate, area below impressed; occipital foramen as high as height of postgenal bridge; hypostomal carina emarginate, continuing into postgenal sulci which are not united, run parallel towards occipital foramen, postgenal bridge anteriorly broader than posteriorly, broader than width of occipital foramen. Antenna slightly longer than head+mesosoma, with 12 flagellomeres, pedicel 1.6× as long as broad, flagellomeres slightly broadened till apex, F1 equal in length to scape+pedicel and 1.4× as long as F2; F2 1.2× as long as F3; F3 slightly longer than F4, F4 till F6 nearly equal in length, F7=F8, subsequent flagellomeres shorter, nearly equal in length, F12 darker than all other flagellomeres, 1.3× as long as F11; placodeal sensilla on F4–F12.

Mesosoma 1.2× as long as high, with sparse short white setae. Pronotum coriaceous, with net of irregular very delicate rugae laterally; propleuron uniformly alutaceous, shining, with sparse setae. Mesoscutum uniformly alutaceous, with sparse white setae, with very scarce or without piliferous points; slightly longer than broad (greatest width measured across mesoscutum at level of base of tegulae). Notaulus complete, deep, broad, with smooth, glabrous bottom, posteriorly broader and slightly converging; anterior parallel and parapsidal lines indistinct, hardly traceable, indicated by smooth stripes; median mesoscutal line absent; parascutal carina narrow, smooth, reaching notaulus. Mesoscutellum rounded, about as broad as long, posteriorly rounded, disc of mesoscutellum coriaceous to smooth centrally, rugae only laterally and posteriorly; overhanging metanotum; mesoscutellar foveae transverse, broader than high, with smooth, shining bottom, separated by a narrow elevated coriaceous central carina. Circumscutellar carina complete. Mesopleuron alutaceous anteriorly, rest of mesopleuron including speculum smooth, shining; mesopleural triangle slutaceous, shining, with some irregular delicate rugae and dense setae; dorsal and lateral axillar areas smooth, shining, with dense setae; subaxillular bar smooth, shining, most posterior part above as high as height of metanotal trough; metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron at half height, upper part of sulcus indistinct. Metascutellum with longitudinal parallel delicate striae, as high as height of smooth, glabrous ventral impressed area; metanotal trough smooth, glabrous, without setae; central propodeal area smooth, shining, without rugae, delimited lateral propodeal carinae gradually, faintly bent outwards in posterior 1/3; lateral propodeal area smooth, shining, with long dense white setae. Nucha with delicate parallel longitudinal sulci laterally, dorsocentrally smooth, shining. Tarsal claws toothed, with basal lobe.

Brachypterous, fore wing longer than body, but shorter than the normal sized, with darker spots and stripes, veins dark brown, radial cell open, 1.6× as long as broad; second abscissa of Rs strongly curved distally; R1 and Rs nearly reaching wing margin; areolet triangular, indistinct, Rs+M inconspicuous, traceable along entire length, reaching basalis slightly below its half height.

Metasoma as long as head+mesosoma, slightly higher than long in lateral view; second metasomal tergum extending 3/4 of metasoma length in dorsal view, with white setae anterolaterally, without band of micropunctures posteriorly; subsequent terga without micropunctures, without setae. Hypopygium without micropunctures, prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium 3.5× as long as broad in ventral view, with few long setae ventrally which extend beyond apex of spine.

Body length 1.7–2.8 mm ( Kinsey 1936).

Gall ( Fig. 261 ). The gall is similar to galls of Kinsey’s bella and dugesi complexes. Mature galls rosy tan, unspotted, weakly shining, up to 21 mm, in average 17 mm in diameter. The gall pic from https://www.gallformers. org/gall/3392 by Juan Carlos López Domínguez on Q. microphylla .

Biology. The asexual generation is only known to induce leaf galls on Q. jaralensis , Q. microphylla . Galls mature in autumn; adults emerge in February–March next year.

Distribution. Mexico: Guanajuato.

Figures

FIGURES 249–253. Atrusca dugesi (Mayr, 1886), asexual female. 249–252, head: 249, frontal view, 250, dorsal view, 251, lateral view, 252, posterior view. 253, antenna.

FIGURES 254–257. Atrusca dugesi (Mayr, 1886), asexual female. 254, mesosoma and propleura, frontal view. 255–256, mesosoma: 255, lateral view, 256, dorsal view. 257, metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view.

FIGURES 258–261. Atrusca dugesi (Mayr, 1886). 258–260, asexual female: 258, fore wing, part. 259–260, metasoma: 259, lateral view, 260, ventral view, part. 261, galls.