Perinereis yehliuensis, Hsueh, 2024

Hsueh, Pan-Wen, 2024, Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population., Zoological Studies 63 (39), pp. 141-149 : 48-53

Perinereis wilsoni Glasby and Hsieh, 2006 ( Fig. 24 , Table 3)

Perinereis wilsoni Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 570–573 , fig. 10 (for complete synonym).

Material examined: 2 specimens, NSNM 8748- 184–185, Aodi (25°02.97'N, 121°55.78'E), habitat type: IRHB, 23 March 1993; 1 specimen, NSNM 8748-186, Magang (25°00.81'N, 122°00.13'E), habitat type: IRHB, 6 March 2001; 2 specimens, NSNM 8748-187–188, Linshanbi (25°16.99'N, 121°30.59'E), habitat type: IRHB, 20 November 2003; 1 specimen, NSNM 8748-189, Dali (24°57.62'N, 121°55.27'E), habitat type: IRHB, 23 November 2003; 2 specimens, NSNM 8748-190–191, Longdongwan (25°07.02'N, 121°54.98'E), habitat type: SRHB, 7 March 2004; 4 specimens, NSNM 8748-192–195, Shimen (25°17.85'N, 121°34.14'E), habitat type: IRHB, 14–16 March 2004; 1 specimen, NSNM 8748-196, Hsinchu (24°51.00'N, 120°55.48'E), habitat type: SRHB, 18 July 2016.

Description: Based on 5 complete specimens ( NSNM 8748-186–187, NSNM 8748-190–191, NSNM 8748-193, all atoke) and 8 incomplete specimens ( NSNM 8748-184–185, NSNM 8748-188, NSNM 8748-189, NSNM 8748-192, NSNM 8748-194–196, all atoke): Body length 29.0–66.5 (n = 5) mm with 73–110 (n = 5) chaetigers, chaetiger10 width 2.0–5.1 (n = 13) mm, excluding parapodia; beige in alcohol ( Fig. 24A, B ). Prostomium wider than long, lateral antennae antero-lateral, shorter than palps, palpophores globose, palpostyles spheroid. Four pairs of tentacular cirri, longest one reaching chaetiger 4–11 (n = 12). Two pairs of eyes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Tentacular belt about 1.1–1.6x (n = 13) longer than chaetiger 1. Pharynx with dark brown jaws, each with 5–6 (n = 13) teeth; paragnath pattern: I = 1–3 cones, mostly 2 (n = 13, same sample size on following areas), in longitudinal line; II = 6–15 cones (left), 6–15 cones (right), in 2–3 oblique rows; III = 14–25 cones (center region with 10–23 cones, in 3–4 transverse rows; 2 lateral regions, each with 1–2 or 1–3 cones; IV = 13–34 cones (left), 19–34 cones (right), in 3–4 oblique rows, without bars; V = 1–3 (mostly 1 or 2, one case of 3); VI = 4–7 uneven-length bars, inner and outer-most longest (one case of one additional cone) (left), 4–7 uneven-length bars, inner and outer-most longest (right), in transverse row; VIIVIII = 14–36, in 2–3 rows. Ridge pattern of areas VI – V – VI, χ-shaped ( Fig. 24A, B , Table 3).

Dorsal cirri digitiform, attached 1/3 to base of dorsal ligule on anterior chaetigers, about 0.9x as long as dorsal ligule, medially attached dorsal ligule on mid-body to posterior chaetigers, about 0.5–0.7x as long as dorsal ligule on mid-body to posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 24C–E , Table 3).

Dorsal ligule subconical throughout, about 2.0x longer than median ligule throughout; proximal lobe of dorsal ligule with two irregular-shaped glandular masses on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 24C–E ). Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent ( Table 3).

Median ligule subconical throughout, about 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule on anterior chaetigers, about as long as neuroacicular ligule on mid-body to posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 24C–E ).

Neuroacicular ligule with prominent inferior lobe on anterior chaetigers, about 0.5x as long as ventral ligule, inferior and superior lobes subequal in length on mid-body to posterior chaetigers, about as long as ventral ligule. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent. Ventral cirri digitiform, mid-ventrally attached to ventral edge of parapodia throughout, about 0.6–0.7x as long as ventral ligule ( Fig. 24C–E ).

Notochaetae present from chaetiger 3 to posterior chaetigers, homogomph spinigers present throughout. Supra-acicular fascicle of neuropodia: homogomph spinigers and medium-sized blade heterogomph falcigers with serrations present throughout. Subacicular fascicle of neuropodia: medium-sized blade heterogomph falcigers with serrations and heterogomph spinigers present throughout ( Fig. 24F , Table 3).

Pygidium with anus crenulated; anal cirri cirriform, as long as last 5–9 (n = 5) chaetigers ( Table 3).

Distribution: Japan, Korea Strait ( South Korea), South China Sea and Yellow Sea ( China), Taiwan ( Glasby and Hsieh 2006).

Remarks: Morphology of examined specimens in the present study agrees with original description of P. wilsoni Glasby and Hsieh, 2006 ( Fig. 24A–F , Table 3; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 572, fig. 10A–F). All examined specimens of P. wilsoni in the present study were mostly collected from reef habitats on coasts of northern Taiwan, which agrees with the northerly distribution of this species in Taiwan reported by Glasby and Hsieh (2006: 555, fig. 1).

Perinereis yehliuensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 25 , Table 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D9D90DCA-1FEB-434D-A573-F3C49EAED0DB

Material examined: Holotype, NSNM 8748-197 , Yehliu (25°12.46'N, 120°41.56'E), habitat type: IRHB, coll. H.- T. Hung, 13 April 1999.

Etymology: The name is derived from the name of nearby village, Yehliu, where the worm was collected.

Description: Holotype, epitoke, without posterior end, remaining body length 45.0 mm with 78 chaetigers, chaetiger 10 width 2.0 mm, excluding parapodia; beige in alcohol ( Fig. 25A, B ). Prostomium wider than long, lateral antennae antero-lateral, longer than palps, palpophores globose, palpostyles spheroid. Four pairs of tentacular cirri, longest one reaching chaetiger 5. Two pairs of eyes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Tentacular belt about 1.3x longer than chaetiger 1. Pharynx with dark brown jaws, each with 2 (damaged?) or 5 teeth; paragnath pattern: I = 3, in triangle; II = 5 (damaged?), 21, in 3 oblique rows; III = 27 (center region with 21 cones, in 4 transverse rows; 2 lateral regions, each with 3 cones, in longitudinal line); IV = 31 (left), 34 (right), in 4 oblique rows; without bars; V = 5, in loosely cluster; VI = 6 (2 long bars (innermost and 2nd outermost), 4 short bars (median and outermost) (left), 8 (2 long bars (innermost and 2nd outermost), 6 short bars (median and outermost) (right), in shallow u-shaped line; VII –VIII = 23, in 2–3 rows. Ridge pattern of areas VI – V – VI, ɔc-shaped ( Fig. 25C , Table 3).

Pre-natatory region: Dorsal cirri robust with filament distally on chaetigers 1 to 7, basally attached to dorsal ligule, about 1.2x longer than dorsal ligule, digitiform on chaetiger 8 to 16, medially attached to dorsal ligule, about 0.8x as long as dorsal ligule ( Fig. 25D–F ). Dorsal ligule subconical, about as long as median ligule. Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent. Median ligule subconical. Neuroacicular ligule with predominant inferior lobe. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent. Ventral ligule subconical. Ventral cirri robust on chaetigers 1 to 7, becoming digitiform along chaetigers 8 to 16, mid-ventrally attached to ventral edge of parapodia, as long as ventral ligule ( Fig. 25D ). Notochaetae homogomph spinigers. Supra-acicular fascicle of neuropodia: homogomph spinigers and medium-size blade heterogomph falcigers with serrations. Subacicular fascicle of neuropodia: homogomph spinigers and medium-size blade heterogomph falcigers with narrow serrations ( Fig. 25G , Table 3).

Natatory region: Dorsal cirri digitiform, medially attached to dorsal ligule, about 0.5–0.6x as long as dorsal ligule. Dorsal cirrus lobe present from chaetiger 17, becoming kidney-shaped lamellae from on mid-body chaetigers, reduced progressively in size thereafter ( Fig. 25E, F ). Dorsal ligule subconical, about 1.4x longer than median ligule. Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent. Median ligule subconical, as long as neuroacicular ligule. Neuroacicular ligule with predominant inferior lobe, inferior and superior lobes subequal in length on posterior half of mid-body to posterior chaetigers, as long as ventral ligule. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe present. Ventral ligule subconical. Ventral cirri mid-ventrally attached to ventral edge of parapodia, about 0.5–0.7x as long as ventral ligule with irregular-shaped dorsal and ventral lobes on anterior-half of natatory chaetigers, gradually reduced in size thereafter ( Fig. 25E, F ). Notochaetae present from chaetiger 3 to posterior chaetigers, homogomph spinigers present. Supra-acicular fascicle of neuropodia: homogomph spinigers present, heterogomph falcigers absent. Subacicular fascicle of neuropodia: medium-size blade heterogomph falcigers with narrow serrations present, natatory chaetae present, homogomph spinigers present only on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 25H, I , Table 3).

Type locality: Yehliu Township, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Distribution: Known only from the type locality.

Remarks: With the presence of an arc of 6–8 bar-shaped paragnaths on area VI of the pharynx and not greatly expanded notopodial dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers, P. yehliuensis sp. nov. belongs to group 3A and the Perinereis nuntia group ( Fig. 25C, F , Table 3; Hutchings et al. 1991: 271; Wilson and Glasby 1993: 259; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 558; Villalobos-Guerrero 2019: 468). Of the 20 known species of the Perinereis nuntia group recognized by Villalobos-Guerrero (2019), P. yehliuensis sp. nov. is similar to P. shikueii Glasby and Hsieh, 2006 in terms of having similar number of paragnaths on areas I to III and VI, lateral teeth on area III, and ɔc-shaped ridge pattern of areas VI – V – VI ( Table 3; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 562, 568, fig. 8A– D, table 2; Villalobos-Guerrero 2019: 489). However, P. yehliuensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. shikueii by having: 1) more paragnaths on area V (5, in loosely cluster versus mostly 3, in shallow triangle); 2) uneven-length bars on area VI (versus even-length bars); 3) fewer number of paragnaths on areas VII –VIII (23 versus 34–52); 4) smaller length ratio of dorsal cirri to dorsal ligule on both anterior and posterior chaetigers (0.7 and 0.5 versus 0.90–1.08 and 0.69–1.63); and 5) no glandular masses in the center lobe of dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers (versus present) ( Fig. 25C, D, F , Table 3; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 562, 568, fig. 8A–D, table 2). The differences between P. yehliuensis sp. nov. and eight other new species of the 3A group described in the present study are discussed below.

Perinereis yufuensis sp. nov. ( Fig. 26 , Table 3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8D97DDFE-4BD9-4039-ADA9-B139E8574478

Material examined: Holotype, NSNM 8748-198 , Yufu (22°20.90'N, 120°23.38'E), habitat type: ISSB, Liuqiu, 11 May 2000.

Etymology: The name is derived from the name of nearby village, Yufu, where the worm was collected.

Description: Holotype, atoke, complete, body length 72.5 mm with 142 chaetigers, chaetiger 10 width 1.9 mm, excluding parapodia; beige in alcohol ( Fig. 26A ). Prostomium wider than long, lateral antennae antero-lateral, shorter than palps, palpophores globose, palpostyles spheroid. Four pairs of tentacular cirri, longest one reaching chaetiger 5. Two pairs of eyes, in trapezoidal arrangement. Tentacular belt about 1.3x longer than chaetiger 1. Pharynx with dark brown jaws, each with 4 teeth; paragnath pattern: I = 2, in longitudinal line; II = 9 (left), 7 (right), in cluster; III = 10 (center region with 8 cones, in 3 transverse rows; 2 lateral regions, each with 1 cone); IV = 18 (left), 16 (right), in 3–4 oblique rows, without bars; V = 3, in slightly arced transverse row; VI = 7 (1 dark colored shield-shaped bar (innermost), 5 light to dark colored uneven-length short bars, 1 long bar (outermost) (left), 6 (2 light to dark colored shield-shaped bars (innermost and outermost), 4 light colored short bars) (right), in u-shaped line; VII –VIII = 28, in 3 rows. Ridge pattern of areas VI – V – VI, ɔc-shaped ( Fig. 26B , Table 3).

Dorsal cirri digitiform, medially attached to dorsal ligule throughout, about 0.5x as long as dorsal ligule on anterior chaetigers, about 0.3x as long as dorsal ligule on mid-body to posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 26C–E , Table 3).

Dorsal ligule subconical throughout, about 1.9x longer than median ligule on anterior chaetigers, about 1.5x longer than median chaetigers on mid-body to posterior chaetigers; proximal lobe of dorsal ligule with one large, oval-shaped glandular mass on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 26C–E ). Notopodial prechaetal lobe absent ( Table 3).

Median ligule subconical throughout, about 1.2x longer than neuroacicular ligule, about 1.6x and 1.3x longer than neuroacicular ligule on mid-body and posterior chaetigers, respectively ( Fig. 26C–E ).

Neuroacicular ligule with predominant inferior lobe on anterior chaetigers, inferior and superior lobes subequal in length on mid-body to posterior chaetigers, about 0.6x as long as ventral ligule throughout. Neuropodial postchaetal lobe absent. Ventral ligule subconical throughout. Ventral cirri mid-ventrally attached to ventral edge of parapodia, about 0.9x as long as ventral ligule on anterior chaetigers, about 0.6x as long as ventral ligule on mid-body chaetigers, about 0.8x as long as ventral ligule on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 26C–E ).

Notochaetae present from chaetiger 3 to posterior chaetigers, homogomph spinigers present throughout. Supra-acicular fascicle of neuropodia: homogomph spinigers and medium-size blade heterogomph falcigers with serrations present throughout. Subacicular fascicle of neuropodia: medium-size blade heterogomph falcigers with serrations present throughout, heterogomph spinigers present only on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 26F– H , Table 3).

Pygidium with anus crenulated; anal cirri cirriform, as long as last 3 chaetigers.

Type locality: Yufu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, Taiwan.

Distribution: Known only from the type locality.

Remarks: Perinereis yufuensis sp. nov. belongs to group 3A and the Perinereis nuntia species group by having an arc of 6–7 bar-shaped paragnaths on area VI of the pharynx and not elongated notopodial dorsal ligule on posterior chaetigers ( Fig. 26B, E , Table 3; Hutchings et al. 1991: 271; Wilson and Glasby 1993: 259; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 558; Villalobos-Guerrero 2019: 468). Of the 20 known species of the Perinereis nuntia group recognized by Villalobos-Guerrero (2019), P. yufuensis sp. nov. is similar to P. shikueii Glasby and Hsieh, 2006 in terms of having similar number of paragnaths on areas I to V and VI, lateral teeth on area III, and ɔc-shaped ridge pattern of areas VI – V – VI ( Fig. 26B , Table 3; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 562, 568, fig. 8A– D, table 2; Villalobos-Guerrero 2019: 489). However, P. yufuensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. shikueii by having: 1) less paragnaths on areas II, III, IV and VII –VIII (7–9, 10, 16–18, 28 versus 17–19, 18–29, 21–35 and 34–52, respectively); 2) uneven-length bars on area VI (versus even-length bars); 3) smaller length ratio of dorsal cirri to dorsal ligule on both anterior and posterior chaetigers (0.5 and 0.3 versus 0.90–1.08 and 0.69–1.63); 4) neuropodial heterogomph spinigers present only on posterior chaetigers (versus present on chaetigers of all body regions) ( Fig. 26C–E , Table 3; Glasby and Hsieh 2006: 562, 568, fig. 8A–D, table 2).

Figures

Fig. 24. Perinereis wilsoni Glasby and Hsieh, 2006; A, B (NSNM 8748-184); C–F (NSNM 8748-193): A, anterior body region, dorsal view; B, close-up of areas V, VI and VIII of the pharynx; C, left parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 9; D, left parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 40; E, left parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 80; F, neuropodial chaetae, chaetiger 9. Abbreviations: HeF = heterogomph falciger; HeS = heterogomph spiniger. Scale bars: A, B = 1.0 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm; F = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 25. Perinereis yehliuensis sp. nov.; holotype (NSNM 8748-197): A, whole animal; B, anterior body region, dorsal view; C, close-up of areas V and VI of the pharynx, black arrow points fall off bars of right area VI; D, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 10; E, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 35; F, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 57; G, neuropodial chaetae, chaetiger 10; H, natatory chaetae and neuropodial heterogomph chaetae, chaetiger 30; I, natatory chaetae, neuropodial heterogomph falcigers and heterogomph spinigers, chaetiger 57. Abbreviation: NoPL = notopodial prechaetal lobe. Scale bars: A = 1.0 mm; B = 0.5 mm; C = 0.1 mm; D–F = 0.2 mm; G–I = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 26. Perinereis yufuensis sp. nov.; holotype (NSNM 8748-198): A, anterior body region, dorsal view; B, close-up of areas V, VI and VIII of the pharynx; C, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 9; D, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 51; E, right parapodium, anterior view, chaetiger 100; F, chaetal pattern of chaetiger 51; G, chaetal pattern of chaetiger 100; H, close-up of neuropodial chaetae, chaetiger 100. Scale bars: A = 0.5 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–E = 0.2 mm; F, G = 0.1 mm; H = 0.02 mm.