Phytocrene Wall.

Rio, Cédric Del, Stull, Gregory W. & Franceschi, Dario De, 2020, Survey of the fruits and endocarps of Icacinaceae (Lamiids, Icacinales), European Journal of Taxonomy 645, pp. 1-130 : 60-62

Genus Phytocrene Wall.

Figs 20.19–20.26, 21–22

Description

FRUIT. Elliptical to oblong, symmetrical to highly asymmetrical and accrescent at the apex, laterally compressed, yellow-red when mature. Epicarp pilose, with clusters of yellow to red hairs or long and thin hairs. Calyx persistent or absent.

ENDOCARP. Brown to cream, elliptical to ovoid in lateral view, occasionally obovoid, lenticular to elliptical in transverse section. Keel surrounding the endocarp in the plane of symmetry in some species. Apex asymmetrical in lateral view; base symmetrical. Outer surface of the endocarp pitted, occasionally ridged or rugose, irregular. Pits associated with shallow mounds, narrow or polygonal in shape, not protruding beyond the endocarp wall. Endocarp possessing a symmetrical pair of pores, positioned eccentrically and subapically on the endocarp faces. Endocarp primary vascular bundle positioned outside the endocarp wall. Endocarp wall with two layers, one layer with rows of periclinally oriented cells and another with rows of anticlinally oriented cells. Locule surface smooth, generally not lacunate.

Key to the genus Phytocrene

1. Pits broad, concave ........................................................................................................................... 2

– Pits narrow ........................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Endocarp ca 14 mm in length, endocarp wall thin (114–154 µm thick), pits with a median freely ending ridge or central dimple................................................................................. P. anomala Merr.

– Endocarp ca 26 mm in length, endocarp wall thick (542–591 µm thick), pits without a freely ending ridge .......................................................................................................................... P. oblonga Wall.

3. Endocarp clearly ridged ........................................................................................... P. hirsuta Blume

– Endocarp not ridged .......................................................................................................................... 4

4. Pits 60–65 on each face .......................................................................................... P. bracteata Wall.

– Pits>90 on each face ........................................................................................................................ 5

5. Endocarp 40–60 mm in length, oblong ............................................. P. macrophylla (Blume) Blume

– Endocarp <40 mm in length, not oblong .......................................................................................... 6 6. Endocarp obovoid, 125–130 pits per face ........................................................... P. borneensis Becc.

Fig. 20. (see full caption on page 60)

– Endocarp ovoid, 168–178 pits per face .................................................................... P. palmata Wall .