NEMESIIDAE SIMON, 1889
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx111 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B45E4D47-FFB4-FFD2-FC7C-FA513798F8CF |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
NEMESIIDAE SIMON, 1889 |
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FAMILY NEMESIIDAE SIMON, 1889 View in CoL
Remarks: As discussed by Bond et al. (2012), the results of their molecular analyses did not recover a monophyletic Nemesiidae . This may be a product of insufficient taxon sampling, but more likely that the family is paraphyletic, as evidenced by Wheeler et al. (2017). Our dataset was not designed to test the hypothesis of nemesiid monophyly so we refrain from any further comments.
SUBFAMILY ANAMINAE SIMON, 1889 KEY TO MALES OF AUSTRALASIAN GENERA OF ANAMINAE 1. Maxillae with cuspules widespread, including on heel (e.g. Figs 6E View Figure 6 , 9E View Figure 9 , 16E View Figure 16 )...............................................2
Maxillae with cuspules restricted to anterior corner, absent from heel ( Fig. 18E View Figure 18 )......................... Stanwellia 2. Male pedipalpal tarsus long and medially constricted (in lateral view)
( Figs 6C View Figure 6 , 7C View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 , 9C View Figure 9 , 10C View Figure 10 , 11C View Figure 11 , 12C View Figure 12 )..................................................................................................................3
Male pedipalpal tarsus short and not medially constricted (in lateral view)
( Figs 13C View Figure 13 , 14C View Figure 14 , 15C View Figure 15 , 16C View Figure 16 , 17C View Figure 17 ) .........................................................................................................................7 3. Male tibia I with large ventral spur bearing one or more megaspines ( Figs 6F View Figure 6 , 7F View Figure 7 , 8F View Figure 8 )................................4
Male tibia I without large ventral spur ( Figs 9F View Figure 9 , 10F View Figure 10 , 11F View Figure 11 , 12F View Figure 12 ) .....................................................................6 4. Male pedipalpal bulb rounded or ovoid, embolus usually long ( Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 8C View Figure 8 )..................................................5
Male pedipalpal bulb pyriform, embolus very short ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ) ....................................................... Chenistonia 5. Embolus not reflexed, arising from distal end of bulb ( Fig. 7C View Figure 7 ) ................................................ Proshermacha
Embolus reflexed, arising from retrolateral margin of bulb ( Fig. 8C View Figure 8 )................................................ Teyloides 6. Retroventral edge of pedipalpal tibia usually with one or two stout and thick or long spines
( Fig. 12C View Figure 12 ) .................................................................................................................................................. Namea
Retroventral edge of pedipalpal tibia without thick spine ( Figs 9C View Figure 9 , 10C View Figure 10 , 11C View Figure 11 ) ......................................... Teyl 7. Male tarsus I swollen ( Fig. 15F View Figure 15 ) .......................................................................................................... Swolnpes
Male tarsus I not swollen (e.g. Figs 13F View Figure 13 , 16F View Figure 16 , 17F View Figure 17 )...........................................................................................8 8. Ventral margin of pedipalpal tibia with asetose depression ( Fig. 16D View Figure 16 ) ................................................ Aname
Ventral margin of pedipalpal tibia without asetose depression ( Fig. 13D View Figure 13 , 14D View Figure 14 , 17D View Figure 17 ) ....................................9 9. Retrolateral margin of pedipalpal tibia with patch of stout setae ( Fig. 13C View Figure 13 , 14C View Figure 14 ) ........................... Kwonkan
Retrolateral margin of pedipalpal tibia without patch of stout setae ( Fig. 17C View Figure 17 ) ................... Hesperonatalius
TRIBE ANAMINI SIMON, 1889
Diagnosis: Members of the tribe Anamini differ from other nemesiids by the well-defined posterior heel on the maxillae ( Figs 6E View Figure 6 , 7E View Figure 7 , 8E View Figure 8 , 9E View Figure 9 , 10E View Figure 10 , 11E View Figure 11 , 12E View Figure 12 , 13E View Figure 13 , 14E View Figure 14 , 15E View Figure 15 , 16E View Figure 16 , 17E View Figure 17 ), the absence of claw tufts and a serrula and both males and females with two rows of teeth on the paired claws.
Remarks: Our analyses ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ) confirm that species currently included in the genera Aname , Chenistonia , Hesperonatalius , Kwonkan , Merredinia , Namea , Pseudoteyl , Swolnpes , Teyl , Teyloides and Yilgarnia form a monophyletic group. This clade is defined by the presence of a well-defined posterior heel on the maxillae and equates to the Anamini as originally defined by Raven (1985b). Other taxa that have been previously aligned with this group in the subfamily Anaminae , such as Stanwellia from Australasia, Acanthogonatus and Longistylus Indicatti & Lucas, 2005 from South America, Sinopesa Raven & Schwendinger, 1995 from Asia and Entypesa , Hermacha and Lepthercus from southern Africa and Madgascar, lack a pronounced maxillary heel ( Raven, 1985b; Raven & Schwendinger, 1995; Indicatti & Lucas, 2005; Indicatti et al., 2015). Stanwellia , Acanthogonatus and Longistylus , along with many other nemesiid taxa, possess pseudosegmented [or ‘flexuous’ using the terminology of Goloboff (1995)] tarsi in males and some females (e.g. Raven, 1985b; Goloboff, 1995; Indicatti & Lucas, 2005) and appear to be only distantly related to Anamini , as here defined ( Bond et al., 2012; Wheeler et al., 2017).
The classification proposed by Main (1985a) recognized the tribes Anamini and Teylini . The Teylini included Teyl , Namea , Pseudoteyl and Teyloides and was defined by the embolus arising from the lateral side of the male pedipalpal bulb. In Anamini as so defined, the embolus arose from the distal end of the bulb. The lateral embolic configuration also occurs in Longistylus from South America ( Indicatti & Lucas, 2005), but as Longistylus lacks the pronounced maxillary heel, it seems reasonable to assume that this represents a convergent morphology. Our analyses recovered a monophyletic group that includes Teyl , Namea and Pseudoteyl , as well as Merredinia , but the remaining Anamini were not recovered as reciprocally monophyletic ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ). Accordingly, we abandon the multiple-tribe classification and instead recognize several informal groups within Anamini : the Teyl group, the Kwonkan group, the Chenistonia group and the Aname group. We regard Teylini Main, 1982 as a junior synonym of Anamini Simon , 1899 (syn. nov.).
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