Passiflora kapiriensis Rome & Coppens, 2016

Rome, M. & d’Eeckenbrugge, G. Coppens, 2016, Passiflora kapiriensis (Passifloraceae), a new species from French Guiana, Blumea 61 (1), pp. 8-12 : 8-12

Passiflora kapiriensis Rome & Coppens , sp. nov. — Fig.1 , 2 , Map 1

Passiflora kapiriensis Rome & Coppens differs from other species in series Laurifoliae by its unusually long petioles and wide leaves. It is unique in presenting a combination of medial petiole nectaries,an inner series of 1 cm long filaments, and subequal external series of filaments. Thus, it can be distinguished from P. acuminata , P. fissurosa , P. killipiana and P. nitida , by its two glands at the middle of the petiole (vs at apex), and from P. cerasina by its two subequal external series of corona filaments (vs shorter outer- most series). — Type: Rome 48 (holotype CAY; isotype LYJB, P), French Guiana, on the road between Regina and Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, 56 m, N4°4'25.32" W52°2'33.72", 10 Apr. 2008.

Etymology. The specific epithet of the new species refers to the type local- ity, situated near Kapiri Creek where the species forms a large population.

Woody liana. Stem terete, glabrous, and green; internodes 19–60 cm. Tendrils glabrous. Stipules setaceous to linear, generally aristate, green to yellow green, glandular (1–4 nectaries), very slightly pubescent at apex, 8–18 × 0.6–1.9 mm (including an arista 1–4 mm), early deciduous. Petiole 3–8 cm long, green to dark green, slightly canaliculate adaxially, glabrous, bearing two conspicuous oval sessile glands (about 2 mm long), at the middle (1–4 cm from petiole base). Leaves simple, unlobed, 12–23 × 8 –22 cm, glabrous throughout, green to dark green, adaxial surface lustrous, rounded to cordate at base, acute at apex, mucronate and generally acuminate; margins entire to glandular-serrulate (0–35 minute nectaries along margins). Inflorescence axillary, sessile, solitary. Peduncles terete, green, glabrous, wide (2.5–5 mm diam), 3–4 cm long; pedicel 3.5–4.5 mm long. Bracts persistent (until fruit maturity), slightly pubescent on both sides, yellow green dotted with dark purple, concave, 4–4.5 × 2 cm, with 2 –4 marginal sessile nectaries in distal half. Flowers pendulous, 2.5 cm long (from the base of nectary chamber to the ovary apex), sometimes presented in clusters on pseudoracemes (small branches with short internodes, small leaves, and flowers at each node). Nectary chamber glabrous, green outside and white inside, 17.5–19 mm in outer diam, about 5 mm in depth. Hypanthium glabrous, green outside and white inside, about 2 mm long and 18 mm diam at the base of sepals. Sepals glabrous, oblate, 4–4.3 × 1.7–2 cm, adaxial surface dark purple, abaxial surface green with dark purple dots, slightly keel-shaped in distal half with a short awn (3–6 mm long) below apex. Petals glabrous, oblate, 3.9–4.4 × 0.8–1.1 cm, white, with dark purple dots. Corona filaments in four series, banded white and dark purple; two major outer series, slightly curved, subequal: outer series 41–49 mm, second series 40–48 mm; third series 1–2 mm, curved filiform capitulate; fourth inner series 8–10 mm long, straight, oriented towards the androgynophore, covering the entrance to the hypanthium. Staminal filaments 8–10 mm long, white greenish finely speckled with dark purple. Ovary tomentose, light yellow, 8–10 mm long; three styles, white, finely speckled with dark purple, 11–13 mm long, stigmas light yellow. Androgynophore glabrous, greenish white, finely speckled with dark purple, 15–16 mm long with a trochlea about 10 mm wide. Operculum membranaceous, 5–6 mm long, recurved, shortly fimbriated at the margin. Fruit obovoid, round in transversal section, lightly pubescent, 6–10 cm long, about 6–10 cm diam; pericarp 1.5–2.2 cm thick; immature fruits green with fine white

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dots; mature fruits light orange with a sweet translucent pulp. Seeds obovoid, flat, retuse apex, about 1 cm long.

Phenology — The Guianese populations of P. kapiriensis have been observed in March 2007, April 2007, mid-November 2008 and in early December 2008, without any flowers. Many immature fruits were observed in populations in early February 2012. We suppose that this species blooms principally in late December or early January. The holotype has been found in bloom in May 2007 but with two flowers only, indicating that this flowering was secondary. Nine-month seedlings, grown at the Jardin Botanique de Lyon, show green petiolar glands, about 1 mm long, conical and slightly curved. Their stipules are foliaceous, with many minute nectary glands, instead of setaceous ( Fig. 2b ).

Distribution & Habitat — In French Guiana, P. kapiriensis is currently known only from the Kapiri Creek and from the road between Régina and Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, in tropical forest, at altitudes of 40– 60 m. The type locality is Régina Coun- ty. Two additional herbarium specimens, Villa 855 (QCA), found in Yasuní Park (Ecuadorian Amazonia) and Melo 610 (INPA), found in Presidente Figueiredo (Amazonas, Brazil) present the same particular combination of traits: long petioles (c. 7 cm) with medial to submedial glands, red-to-purplish flowers with two equal outer series of filaments, a third series with very short, comma-like filaments, and a fourth inner series oriented towards the androgynophore. Thus, all indicates that they belong to P. kapiriensis , which implies a surprisingly wide distribution for a rare species. On the other hand, several other species of series Laurifoliae appear both rare and widely distributed: P. phellos Feuillet , dispersed in Amazonia, from Venezuela to the lower Amazon in Brazil; P. killipiana (three stations in Ama- zonian regions of Colombia and Peru, at distances comprised between 300 and 900 km); P. gleasoni Killip has been reported in Guyana, Venezuela and Peru. Furthermore, the rarity of these species may be only apparent; first because the Amazonian region has been poorly collected as compared to other regions (compare for example the inventory of Andean and Amazonian Passifloraceae of Colombia in Ocampo et al. 2007); second, because more recently and/or less often collected Laurifoliae species are poorly known and easily confused with or assimilated to ‘older’ and more common species (e.g., Villa 855 and Melo 610 were identified as P. cf. riparia and P. nitida , respectively). The online availability of many scanned specimens with approximate identification facilitates the comparison of specimens collected in different countries, which could lead us to revise supposed endemisms among Laurifoliae , particularly in the relatively small French Guiana.

Comparison with related species — In series Laurifoliae , Passiflora kapiriensis differs from the other species by its slightly pubescent stipules, its much larger leaves and petioles. It shares a particular floral morphology with P. acuminata , P. cerasina , P. fissurosa , P. killipiana and P. nitida . Indeed, these species also present a particular development of the innermost series of filaments, contributing to close the nectary chamber. In addition, it shares an extremely short hypanthium with at least P. acuminata and P. fissurosa . Passiflora acuminata , P. fissurosa and P. nitida differ from P. kapiriensis by their glabrous and shorter stipules and by their glands borne at the petiole apex. Additional differences concern the white corol- las of P. acuminata and P. nitida , and the suberous stems of P. fissurosa . Passiflora killipiana can be distinguished from P. kapiriensis by its glands situated at the apex of the petiole and its rufo-tomentose peduncles and bracts, whereas P. cerasina mostly differs by its unequal two outermost series of filaments and its typical cherry-red bracts at anthesis (Table 1).

External

Herbarium specimens examined.

Passiflora acuminata (herbarium specimens): BRAZIL, Pará, Porto Trombe- tas, 26 Apr. 1987, Knowles s.n. ( INPA) ; Belem , 25 Nov. 1942, Archer 7864 ( K) ; Amazonas, Estrada Manaus, Caracarai , trecho perdido, 10 Mar.1978, Silva 4557 ( NY) ; De Candolle s.n. (type P) .

Passiflora cerasina (observations on living materials): FRENCH GUIANA, Plateau des Cascades , 5 Apr. 2008, Rome 26 ( LYJB) ; road of St-Georges , 10 Apr. 2008, Rome 46 ( LYJB) , 19 May 2008, Rome 126 ( LYJB) , Rome 127 ( LYJB) , Rome 128 ( LYJB) , 20 May 2008, Rome 140 ( LYJB) , Rome 141 ( LYJB) ; Citron Path , Rome 155 ( LYJB) , Rome 160 ( LYJB) , Rome 161 ( LYJB) ; Montagne de Kaw , 23 Apr. 2008, Rome 98 ( LYJB) , 24 Nov. 2009, Rome 200 ( LYJB) ; Path Kapiri , 25 Nov.2009, Rome 222 ( LYJB) , Rome 223 ( LYJB) , Rome 224 ( LYJB) , Rome 227 ( LYJB) , Rome 237 ( LYJB) .

Passiflora cerasina (herbarium specimens): FRENCH GUIANA, Mont Grand Matoury, Ile de Cayenne, 5 Apr. 1995, Cremers 13889 (Cay).

Passiflora kapiriensis (observations on living material): FRENCH GUIANA, road of St-Georges , 19 May 2008, Rome 48 (holotype CAY; isotypes P, LYJB) , 19 May 2008, Rome 131 ( L) , Rome 133 ( K) , Rome 134 ( MO) ; Ka- piri Creek , 25 Nov. 2009, Rome 214 ( NY) , Rome 215 ( LYJB) , Rome 216 ( LYJB) , Rome 217 ( LYJB) , Rome 218 ( LYJB) , Rome 219 ( LYJB) , Rome 221 ( LYJB) , Rome 225 ( LYJB) , Rome 228 ( LYJB) , 3 Feb.2013, Rome 410 ( LYJB) , Rome 411 ( LYJB) ; path of Rivière Mataroni , 25 Nov. 2009, Rome 235 ( LYJB) , Rome 236 ( LYJB) .

Passiflora kapiriensis (herbarium specimens): BRAZIL, Amazonas , Presi- dente Figueiredo, 24 Nov. 2008, Melo 610 ( INPA) . – ECUADOR, Yasuní National Park , 6 Feb. 2001, Villa 855 ( QCA) .

Passiflora killipiana (herbarium specimens): COLOMBIA, Rio Caquetá,vicinity of la Pedrera, Apr. 1944, Schultes 5875 ( K) ; Caquetá,Araracuara, 20 Feb. 1991, Dulmen 128 ( L) . – PERU, Amazonas, Rio Santiago , 24 Nov. 1979, Huashikat 1399 ( MO) .

Passiflora nitida (observations on living materials): FRENCH GUIANA, road of St-Georges , Rome 130 ( LYJB) , Rome 139 ( LYJB) ; road of Tonnegrande , 12 Apr. 2008, Rome 49 ( LYJB) ; road of Cacao , Rome 67 ( LYJB) , Rome 207 ( LYJB) ; Eskol village , 31 Mar. 2008, Rome 17 ( LYJB) ; road of Apatou , Rome 234 ( LYJB) .

Passiflora nitida (herbarium specimens): BRAZIL, Roraima, Rorainopolis, Rio Xixuau , 3 Feb. 2011, Marinho 194 ( INPA) ; Amazonas, Rio Cuieras, Lake Jaradá , 5 Aug. 1991, Mori 21923 ( NY) ; Amazonas, District Agropecuario , 27 Aug. 1991, Oliveira 184 ( INPA) ; Rondônia, Porto Velho , 13 Feb. 2012, Peirera-Silva 16087 ( CEN) ; Acre, Municipality of Sena Madureira , 3 Oct. 1968, Prance 7779 ( NY) .– BRITISH GUYANA, Rupununi, Kuyuwini River , 9 Feb. 1991, Jansen-Jacobs 2482 ( U) ; Potaro-Siparuni Region, Pakaraima Moun- tains, 24 Oct. 1994, Muchnick 286 ( US) . – COLOMBIA, Vaupés, Municipality of Mitú , 22 Mar. 2003, Betancur 10030 ( COL) ; Vaupés, Raudal Jirijirimo, Pacoa , 22 Mar. 2008, Betancur 13611 ( COL) ; Guaviare, Municipality San José del Guaviare, 25Aug.1995, Cárdenas 6535 ( COAH) .– FRENCH GUIANA, Crique Petit Laussat , Bassin de la Mana, 9 Feb. 1990, Cremers 11336 ( CAY) . – S. LOC., Bonpland s.n., type.

Figures

Map 1 Geographical distribution of Passiflora kapiriensis populations observed in French Guiana and two herbarium specimens with the same combination of traits characteristic of the species, in Ecuador and Brazil.

Fig. 1 Passiflora kapiriensis Rome & Coppens. a. Flower cross section; b. stem, leaf, with petiolar nectaries, stipules, tendril and young bud; c. leaf. — Draw- ing from the holotype (Rome 48, CAY).

Fig. 2 Passiflora kapiriensis Rome & Coppens. a. Setaceous stipules with nectaries, petiolar glands and young bud (mature plant); b. conical petiolar gland and foliaceous stipules (young seedling); c. bract;d. sepals and petals (outer view); e. flower section (same as Fig. 1a); f, g. fruits, showing mesocarp.— Scale bars: 1 cm. — Photos by Maxime Rome, from the holotype (Rome 48, CAY) or by David Scherberich, from the holotype offspring (photo b).