Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804 )

Mahlmann, Thiago, Oliveira, Favízia Freitas de & Oliveira, Marcio Luiz de, 2023, Taxonomy of South American species of Ceratina (Calloceratina) Cockerell, 1924 with comments on new species-groups proposed for this subgenus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae), EntomoBrasilis (e 1062) 16, pp. 1062-1062 : 2-6

Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804)

( Figures 1-2 )

Megilla metallica Fabricius, 1804: 334 ["homonym" Megilla metallica FABRICIUS 1804: 332 ]; MOURE 1960: 138 [species of Fabricius, as "n.syn." (in error)].

Megilla chloris ; FABRICIUS 1804: 334 [" nom. nov." for M. metallica proposed in the same work: errata, page 18].

Podalirius metallicus ; DALLA TORRE 1896: 276 [catalog].

Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ; MOURE 1960: 138 ["comb".; " lectotype designation"; taxonomy]; SILVEIRA et al. 2002: 146 [ Brazil bees checklist]; MOURE 2007: 638 [catalog].

Ceratina laeta Spinola, 1841: 138 ; SMITH 1854: 227 [catalog]; 1862: 40 [distribution]; DALLA TORRE 1896: 199 [catalog]; DUCKE 1902: 361 [distribution, flower record]; SCHROTTKY 1902: 480, 481 [key, redescription]; COCKERELL 1905: 325 [key]; H.S. SMITH 1907: 119 [key, distribution]; SCHROTTKY 1909: 221 [taxonomy]; DUCKE 1910a: 84 [comparative note]; DUCKE 1910b: 363 [taxonomy]; FRIESE 1910: 696 [taxonomy]; STRAND 1910: 504 [taxonomy]; SCHROTTKY 1910: 88 [taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1914: 315 [taxonomy]; FRIESE 1916: 294, 322, 323 [taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1917: 475 [citation]; COCKERELL 1918: 685, 688 [key, taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1920: 176 [taxonomy]; FRIESE 1925: 19 [distribution, nest]; SCHWARZ 1934: 10, 11 [distribution, taxonomy]; SCHWARZ 1943: 33 [taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1949: 482 [taxonomy]; SILVEIRA et al. 2002: 147 [ Brazil bees checklist, as incertae sedis]; GONZALEZ et al. 2004: 59 [citation].

Ceratina (Calloceratina) laeta ; MICHENER 1954: 148 [ Panama bees checklist, synonymy, taxonomy]; MOURE 1960: 138 [taxonomy]; HIRASHIMA 1971: 373 [taxonomy]; AYALA et al. 1996: 462 [ Mexico bees checklist]; SILVEIRA et al. 2002: 147 [ Brazil bees checklist, as incertae sedis].

Ceratina smaragdina Smith, 1854: 226 ; DALLA TORRE 1896: 200 [catalog].

Ceratina (Calloceratina) smaragdina ; MICHENER 1954: 148, 149 [ Panama bees checklist, synonymy, taxonomy]; MOURE 1960: 139 [taxonomy].

Ceratina viridula Smith, 1879: 95 ; DALLA TORRE 1896, 201 [catalog]; SCHROTTKY 1902: 478, 481 [key, redescription]; COCKERELL 1905: 325 [key]; 1914: 315 [taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1918: 688 [taxonomy]; COCKERELL 1920: 176 [taxonomy, sp. reval.]; SILVEIRA et al. 2002: 147 [ Brazil bees checklist, as incertae sedis].

Ceratina (Calloceratina) viridula ; MICHENER 1954: 149 [ Panama bees checklist, synonymy, taxonomy]; MOURE 1960: 139 [taxonomy].

Ceratina laeta imperialis Schrottky, 1909: 221 .

Diagnosis. Integument bright metallic green or bluish, including lateral margins of labrum, base of mandible, and anterior inner third of tegula; sometimes disc of labrum with a small yellow spot; clypeus with a maculation ranging from a narrowed horizontal stripe to a large rounded or triangular spot; graduli present on T2 to T4.

Male: Apical margin of T7 slightly emarginated, sometimes truncated or rounded; preapical margin of S5 with two short acute processes separated from each other by approximately 5-8x their own length ( Figure 2 B-C).

Redescription. Lectotype female: Body length 9.4; forewing length 6.4; clypeus approximately 1.4 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2.5 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2.2 OD.

Color . Integument bright metallic green including lateral margins of labrum, base of mandible, and anterior inner third of tegula; rest of labrum, mandible, and apical margin of clypeus brownish. Slight bluish reflections on frons and lateral areas of mesoscutum, near pronotal lobes. Tegula light brown, translucent; wing veins brown and wing membrane weakly brownish. Legs brownish with metallic green reflections, except on basitarsi. Metasoma bright metallic green; base of T2-T5 brownish with reddish-brown bands on preapical margins of T2 and T3, interrupted medially. Yellow marks on trochanters and a dorsal faded stripe on protibia.

Pubescence. Mostly whitish, yellowish on labrum, mandible,

metatibia, tarsi and apex of metasoma. Disc of propodeum with long hairs, lateral areas with short and dense hairs intermingled with long hairs more evenly distributed. Preapical margins of T3, on T4 and on lateral sides of T5 covered with brownish, short spatulate setae.

Integumental surface. Body coarsely punctate except as follows: large smooth and polished areas on genal area and disc of mesoscutum. Narrow longitudinal polished area on posterior margin of metapostnotum.

Structure. Maxillary palpus five-segmented. Graduli present on T2 to T4.

Variation. Integument slightly more metallic bluish, mainly in specimens from Brazil. Some specimens with metallic green reflections, including the lectotype of Ceratina laeta , on outer surface of metabasitarsi. Some specimens with coppery reflections on face and propodeum. Yellow marks: some specimens, mainly from Panama, have a rounded spot on disc of labrum; median apical margin of clypeus with a maculation ranging from a narrowed stripe to a large circle or triangle. Pubescence on T4 quite inconstant: some specimens from Peru and Brazil with short, whitish and sparse setae. Median longitudinal area of clypeus with integumental surface quite inconstant: coarse punctured intermingled with microsculptured areas poorly defined; some specimens with a median longitudinal narrow groove delimited by coarse punctures (specimens from Bolivia, Brazil and Colombia); clypeus with roughened area only on apical margin. Some specimens with pronotal carina less pronounced, laterally not forming lamella ( Bolivia and Brazil). Body length ranges from 7.7 to 11.8 .

Male redescription. Similar to female except as follows: three translucent brown spots at base of labrum; sometimes with yellow rounded spots at base of mandible and disc of labrum; apical margin of clypeus with a horizontal, broad yellow stripe, dilated upwards on disc and with a small notch at base; small subtriangular spots on lower paraocular area, over lateral expansions of clypeus, sometimes quite faded; absence of spatulate setae on metasoma; apical margin of T7 with three tufts of relatively long hairs; preoccipital carina more pronounced; metatibia with vestigial carina; apical margin of T7 slightly emarginated, sometimes truncated or rounded; preapical margin of S5 with two relatively short acute processes separated from each other by approximately 5-8x their own length; apical margin of S6 with a median wide inverted "V-shaped" notch ( Figure 2D ), sometimes slightly quadrangular; genital capsule as in figure 2E. Body length ranges from 7.3-9.8; forewing length 5.6-6.4; clypeus, measured at its base, approximately 1.5 times as wide as long; ocellocular distance 2.8 OD; ocelloccipital distance 2.5 OD. Male terminalia as in Figure 2 B-E.

Type locality. " Ex. Am. Mer. "; According to MOURE (1960), probably Guyana .

Typematerialexamined. Megillametallica: Type[handwritten, red label] // M. metallica , ex Am. Mer. Schmidt [handwritten] // Lectotype, Ceratina chloris (F.), J.S. Moure 58[1958] (Lectotype ♀, NHMD); metallica [handwritten] // Paratype [Paralectotype], Ceratina chloris (F.), J.S. Moure 1958 (Paralectotype ♀, NHMD); Ceratina laeta : Typus [red handwritten, white label and signed on the back side by Moure, 1958] // Red label without information // Museo Zoologia Torino - Italia // Coll. Spinola sc. 132, MRSN Torino ITALY // Ceratina lata [ laeta ], Ann. Soc. Ent. ♀, D.Buquat., Cayenne, M. Leprieur (Holotype ♀, MSNT); Ceratina smaragdina : Java [handwritten] // Java [handwritten, bluish label] // Holotype, C. smaragdina = C. laeta Spin., J.S. Moure 1957 (Holotype ♀, OUMNH); Ceratina viridula : Type [round label with orange margin] // B.M. TYPE HYM. 17B.327 // Ceratina viridula , Type Sm. [handwritten] // St. Paulo [handwritten, blue round label] (Holotype ♂, NHMUK).

Additional material examined. ARGENTINA: Misiones, Jan.23 - 29, 1986, Luis E. Peña (1♀ AMNH); Misiones, P.N. Iguazu, 52º40'S,+-500 - 700, 54º27'W,+-050-190, 07.x.2008, A. Taylor & N.Veiga, PCYU-NVS: 00960 // ARG-6828: 40 (1♀ MACN); idem 10.vii.2008, PCYU-NVS: 00971 // ARG-14512-35 (1♀ MACN); F5.97 // Misiones (1♀ MACN); F2.08 // Misiones (1♂ MACN); Misiones, D. Iguazu, Cataratas, De Crio-Viana, x.1954 (1♀ MACN); Misiones, Porto Iguazu, P.N. Iguazu, 25º40.561'S, 54º27.120'W, 14.viii.2009, N.Veiga, PCYU-NVS: 03958 // ARG-6828:41 (1♀ MACN); idem 03.vii.2009, PCYU-NVS: 03999 // ARG-6828:39 (1♀ MACN); idem 54º27.165'W, PCYU-NVS: 03966 // ARG-6828:42 (1♂ MACN); Misiones, Iguazu National Park, 25º40.878'S, 54º09.755'W, 27.xi.2007, A.Taylor, sweep, ant:471 (1♂ MACN); BOLIVIA: Bolivia (1♂ MACN); Santa Cruz Dept. [Departamento], Roboré, 40Km E, Santiago, 29 Nov. 2004, 640m, D.W. Roubik (1♀ MHNBA); Santa Cruz, Buena Vista , 8. vii.1973 // C.Porters, L.Stange, E.Demares // Colección, Inst. - Fund. M. Lillo, (4000) - S.M. Tucuman, Tucuman - Argentina (1♀ IFML); Santa Cruz Dept. [Departamento], Roboré, 60Km E, Tucavaca Val., 28 Nov. 2004, D.W. Roubik (1♀ MHNBA); Depto. [Departamento] Santa Cruz, Estac. Experimental General Saavedra, 9.vii.1972, C.Potter, L.Stange // Colección, Inst. - Fund. M.Lillo, (4000) - S.M. Tucuman, Tucuman - Argentina (1♀ IFML); Depto. [Departamento] Santa Cruz, El Palmar, 6. vii.1972, C.Potter, L.Stange // Colección, Inst. - Fund. M. Lillo, (4000) - S.M. Tucuman, Tucuman - Argentina (1♂ IFML); La Paz, Chulumani, 1,700m, 27.iii.1979, M. Cooper, B.M. 1979-216 (1♀ NHMUK); Santa Cruz Dept. Roboré- 40 KmE Santiago, 29. Nov. 2004 ,640m,DW Roubik # (1♀ MHNBA);La Paz, Chulumani, 1,700m, 2.iv.1979, M. Cooper, B.M 1979-216 (1 ♀ NHMUK); BRAZIL: Acre, Rio Branco, 30.x.1974, M.L. Oliveira // Nº 0051 (1♀ INPA); [Amapá], Macapá, 19.5.1900, Ducke // Brazil, Estado do Pará // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG, HYM, 11131518 (1♀ MPEG); [Amapá], Estado do Pará // Macapá, 19.v.1900, Ducke // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG, HYM, 11131523 (1♀ MPEG); AP[Amapá], 01.xii.1981, I.S. Gorayeb e Equipe // Mata P1, Armadilha Suspensa 15m // MPEG- HYM 11131662 ♂ // Ceratina (Calloceratina) cf. chloris Det. Pires & Ramos, 2009 (1♀ MPEG); AM [Amazonas], Manaus, Univ.[Universidade] Amazonas, Trilha do viveiro, 14.i.2002 (11h50) // Verbenaceae : Stachytarpheta australis, Pena, MR (1♀ INPA); idem 06.xii.2001 (8h32), Euphorbiaceae : pião-pajé [probably Jatropha podagrica Hook. ], Penas, MR & Oliveira, FPM (1♀ INPA); 5119 // 0148 // [Amazonas], A bordo do [Barco] Marupiara, R.[Rio] Demeni, R.[Rio] Negro, Em 11.9.[19]75, Col. F. Vieira (1♀ INPA); Bahia, Salvador, Bairro Patamares, Cond. Colina C; 12°57'1"S; 38°24'3"W; vii.2020, Mahlmann & Hipólito Leg. // Col. Em flor (11h): Vitex cf. agnus -castus L. ( Lamiaceae ) // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , Det. T.Mahlmann, 2020 (1♂ INPA); Ab-15, MHS Ferreira // Bahia, Campus-UEFS, FSA. 12º12'10''S, 38º58'15''W ~ 243m, 9.ii.2007 (9:30h), Caatinga // Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & Jobson (Leg.: Mimosoideae), Ind.: 27 Carga Pol.() Nº // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , Det. F.F. de Oliveira, 2010 (1♀ MHNBA); idem 11.ii.2007, 10:40 (1♀ MHNBA); BA[Bahia], Feira de Santana, Campus da UEFS ( LABIO), 03.iv.2008, Janela vidro (2º andar), T. Mahlmann Leg. (1♀ MHNBA); idem 19.viii.2008 (1♀ MHNBA); idem 03.iv.2008 (1♀ MHNBA); Feira de Santana, BA[Bahia], 14.iv.2000, Lg. Leila Mara // MZUEFS #20871 (1♂ MZUEFS); Doutorado Juliana Hipólito, PPG Ecologia/ UFBA #00337 // BA[Bahia], Ibicoara, Faz.[Fazenda] MuÇambé, Data: 17.xi.2012, GPS:, J.Hipólito e equipe Leg. // Col. Em flor de CoffeA arabica L. ( Rubiaceae ) // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris Det. T.Mahlmann, 2015 (1♀ INPA); Bahia, Chapada Diamantina, Cascavel [Ibicoara state], Agropolo-Bagisa-Proj. FAO, Data: 16.i.2012, GPS:, azul[blue pantrap], Ponto: 2, 1200, U.Penna col. // FAO 03089 (1♀ MHNBA); idem Rafaela *02598 // POLINFRUT, Data: 22.ix.2011, ARCA azul[blue pantrap]: 3, Ponto:2, Rafaela Santos Leg. (1♀ MHNBA); Bahia, ConceiÇão do Almeida, 20.xi.2011, Rede entomológica, T.Santana & T. Oliveira Leg. (1♀ MHNBA); Ceará, P.N.[National Park] Ubajara, -3,83830º,- 40.89803º // 14 - 19.ii. 2013, 843 m. a.[altitude meters], ML Oliveita Leg. (1♂ INPA]; Visitantes Florais, G. barbadense, Cenargen , 14046 - 41921 // Brasília, DF[Distrito Federal], 01.02.2008, A.C. Botelho // Ceratina cf. chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , F.A. Silveira, det. 2009 (1♀ UFMG); Dist. Sta. Cruz 11191 - 33018 // Aracruz, ES[Espírito Santo], 08.09.2006 A.A. Azevedo (1♀ UFMG); Hotel Fazenda Mato Grosso, 6048, 16842 // Cuiabá, MT [Mato Grosso], 18.02.2000, F.A. Silveira (1♀ UFMG); idem 16843 (1♀ UFMG); idem 16841 (1♀ UFMG); Rio Caragnata, Matto [Mato] Grosso, Brazil, iii.1953, F. Plaumann // Calloceratina laeta Spin., Det. J.S. Moure, 1957 (1♂ SEMC); Abelhas, Cerrado, Manesmann, Faz. Brejão, 5351 - 14667 // Brasilândia de Minas, MG [Minas Gerais], 04.11.1999, A.A. Azevedo (1♀ UFMG); Reinventário, EPDA [Research and Environmental Development Station] de Peti, 8685-26324 // São GonÇalo do Rio de Baixo / MG [Minas Gerais], 07/06/2002, C.F. Cardoso // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ♀ ( Fabricius, 1804) C.F. Cardoso , det. 2006 (1♀ UFMG); São GonÇalo do Rio de Baixo / MG [Minas Gerais], 07/06/2002, C.F. Cardoso // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ♂ ( Fabricius, 1804) C.F. Cardoso , det. 2006 // Reinventário, EPDA [Research and Environmental Development Station] de Peti, 8686-26325 (1♂ UFMG); Reinventário, EPDA [Research and Environmental Development Station] de Peti, 9996 - 29332 // São GonÇalo do Rio Baixo, MG [Minas Gerais], 23.02.2004, G.M. Yazbeck // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) ♀, L.M. Santos, det. 2006 (1♀ UFMG); Reinventário, EPDA [Research and Environmental Development Station] de Peti, 10007 - 29348 // São GonÇalo do Rio Baixo, MG [Minas Gerais], 23.02.2004, G.M. Yazbeck // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) ♀, L.M. Santos, det. 2006 (1♀ UFMG); Reinventário, EPDA [Research and Environmental Development Station] de Peti, 10293 - 30121 // São GonÇalo do Rio Baixo, MG [Minas Gerais], 07.06.2002, R. Loyola // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) ♀, R. Loyola det,. 2002 (1♀ UFMG) NE 02, 02.10.2003, 10:20, Barbadense, Paraíba, CG [ Campina Grande ] // Campina Grande, PB [Paraíba], 02.10.2003, Algodão Barbadense // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , A. Silveira, det. 2004 (1♀ UFMG); idem 29.02.03, 10:30, Mocó, Paraíba // 29.02.2003, Algodão Mocó (1♀ UFMG); idem NE 03, 30.09.03, 10:30 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 01.10.03, 09:30 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 02.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 02.10.03 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03.10.03, 10:30 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 02, 06.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03, 07.10.03, 09:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 07.10.03 10:45 (1♀ UFMG); idem 08.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 08.10.03, 10:30 (1♀ UFMG); 08.10.03 9:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 14.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 15.10.03, 09:45 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 20.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 22.10.03, 9:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 20.10.03, 10:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 21.10, 10:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 22.10.03, 10:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 23.10.03, 10:20 (1♀ UFMG); idem 24.10.03, 10:00 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem Mustelinum, 29.09.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03.10.03, 10:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 07.10.03, 09:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 07.10.03, 10:45 (1♀ UFMG); 08.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 09.10.03, 09:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 09.10.03, 10:45 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 13.10.03, 09:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 15.10.03, 10:45 (1♀ UFMG); idem 16.10.03, 10:20 (1♀ UFMG); idem 20.10.03, 9:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 22.10.03, 09:20 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 12.04.05, 10:30h (1♀ UFMG); idem 23.10.03, 10:20 (1♀ UFMG); idem 15.04.05, 10:35h (1♀ UFMG); idem 15.04.05, 10:35 (1♀ UFMG); Barbadense, 29.09.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 29.09.03, 10:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 30.09.03, 09:00; idem 01.10.03, 09:30 (3♀♀ UFMG); idem 02.10.03, 09:00 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 02.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03/02.10.03, 10:20 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03.10.03, 09:00 (3♀♀ UFMG); idem 02, 03.10.03 (1♂ UFMG); idem 03 06.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 02, 06.10.03, 10:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 11, 06.10.03, 10:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03, 07.10.03, 09:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 07.10.03, 10:45 (1♀ UFMG); idem 08.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); 08.10.03, 10:30 (3♀♀ UFMG); idem 09.10.03, 10:45 (1♂ UFMG); idem 14.10.03, 09:00 (2♀♀ UFMG); idem 14.10.03, 01:45 (3♀♀ UFMG); idem 15.10.03, 10:45 (1♀ UFMG); idem 20.10.03, 09:00 (1♀ UFMG); idem 02, 21.10.2003 (1♀ UFMG); idem 21.10.03 (1♀ UFMG); idem 21.10.02, 10:30 (1♂ UFMG); idem 22.10.2003, 10:30 (1♂ UFMG); idem 03, 22.10.03 (1♀ UFMG); idem 02, 22.10.2003, 10:30 (1♀ UFMG); idem 03, 24.10.03, 10:00 (1♀ UFMG); Barbadense, 11.4.05, 10:17h // 39 // Campina Grande, PB [Paraíba], 11.04.2005, Algodão Barbadense // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) ♀, C.F. Cardoso, det. 2006 (1♀ UFMG); idem 12.04.05, 08:40h, 48, (1♀ UFMG); idem 12.04.05, 10:30h, 19 (1♀ UFMG); idem 12.04.05, 08:40, 47 (1♀ UFMG); idem 13.04.05, 10:00, 63, (1♀ UFMG); idem 14.04.05, 10:34, 76 (1♀ UFMG); idem 15.04.05, 10:35, 82 (1♀ UFMG); idem 81 (1♀ UFMG); idem 19.04.05, 12:10, 113 (1♀ UFMG); idem 112 (1♀ UFMG); idem 111 (1♀ UFMG); 114 (1♀ UFMG); 27.04.05, 11:15, 132 (1♀ UFMG); idem 28.04.05, 11:15, 143 (1♀ UFMG); idem 02.05.2005, 11:10, 191 (1♀ UFMG); idem 09.05.05, 11:15h, 229 (1♀ UFMG); idem 230 (1♀ UFMG); idem 228 (1♀ UFMG); idem 10.05.05, 11:10, 256 (1♀ UFMG); idem 258 (1♀ UFMG); idem 243 (1♀ UFMG); idem 246 (1♀ UFMG); idem 13.05.05, 11:10, 267 (1♀ UFMG); idem 275 (1♀ UFMG); idem 276 (1♀ UFMG); idem 18.05.05, 11:00, 284 (1♀ UFMG); idem 20.05.05, 11:00, 320 (1♀ UFMG); idem 304 (1♀ UFMG); idem 308 (1♀ UFMG); idem 305 (1♀ UFMG); idem 306 (1♀ UFMG); idem 329 (1♀ UFMG); Paraíba, J.[João] Pessoa, vii - 955, Pe. Pereira (1♀ MZUSP); 20909 // PB[Paraíba], Rio Tinto, APA Mamanguape, Miriri, 21.iv.2002, M.C.M. Silva col. (1♀ UFPB); idem 20910 (1♀ UFPB); idem 20911 (1♀ UFPB); idem 20908 (1♂ UFPB); 13500 // PB[Paraíba], João Pessoa, Bairro dos Estados, Mata, 11. iii.2005, M.S. Silveira col. (1♀ UFPB); 10749 // PB[Paraíba], João Pessoa, Bairro dos Estados, Rua, 02.x.2004, M.S. Silveira col (1♂ UFPB); 11574 // PB[Paraíba], João Pessoa, Água Fria, Rua, 01.xii.2004, M.S. Silveira col. (1♂ UFPB); Obidos, baixo Amazonas, Pará, Dirings, NOV 1960 (1♀ MZUSP); Obidos // Brazil, Estado do Pará // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG-HYM 11131520 (1♂ MPEG); Obidos, (Traira), Estº Para, Dirings, Fev., 1961 (1♀ MZUSP); PA[Pará], Obidos, Faz. Pajurá, 1º37'21''S, 55º23'14''W, 5 - 11.ix.2001 // Malaise, J.A. Rafael & J.F. Vidal Leg. (1♀ INPA); Obidos // Brazil, Estado do Pará // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG-HYM 11131524 (1♀ MPEG); Pará, 20.6.1902, Ducke // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG-HYM 11131522 (1♀ MPEG); Brazil, Estado do Pará // Oyapock [Oiapoque], 6.6.1904, Ducke // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG-HYM 11131521 (1♀ MPEG); Pará, 2.4.1900, Ducke // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG, HYM, 11131519 (1♀ MPEG); PA[Pará], Peixe-Boi, 15.iv.1977 // Pará, WL Overal // Ceratina cf. chloris (Fab.) det. Camargo, 82 // MPEG-HYM 11131516 (1♀ MPEG); [Pará], Óbidos, // P.Herbst Collection Ex. Reed // Ceratina laeta Spin. ♀, det.Ducke, 1908 // Obidos, Brazil (1♀ CASC); Paraná, Foz do Iguazu, 26.iv.1964, C.E. & E.S.Ross (2♀♀ CASC); idem 25.iv.1964, C.E. & E.S.Ross (1♂ CASC); Igarassu, PE[Pernambuco], Usin. S. José; Piedade, 21.05.2007, P.Y. Ojima, Leg. // L125 P1362 Gurania bigoniacea [bignoniacea] // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , A 420 ♀, P.Y Ojima det. 2010 (1♀ UFPE); idem 39871 UFPE (1♀ UFPE); idem 39769 UFPE (1♀ UFPE); Rio de Janeiro State, Mangaratiba, vii.1968, M. Alvarenga (1♀ AMNH); PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 10.12.1993, A. Grossman leg. // 7990, H:16, F:14, 10º // Ceratina chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , Schlindwein det., 1994 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 3.i.1995, Mardiore Pinheiro // 9630, H:18, F:14, 1045 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , ♀, Schlindwein det., 1996 (1♀ MPC); PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 8.11.1993, A. Grossman leg. // 7855, H:16, F:14, 15-1530 // Ceratina chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , Schlindwein det., 1994 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 3.1.1995, Mardiore Pinheiro // 9632, H:18, F:14, 1045 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , ♀, Schlindwein det., 1996 (1♀ MPC); Porto Alegre, PUCRS, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 15.i.1997, Santos C.G. col. // Planta: Merremia dissecta // Ceratina chloris // MCT, PUCRS, 105530 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUCRS, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 15.i.1997, Santos C.G. col. // MCT, PUCRS, 105529 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUCRS, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 15.i.1997, Santos C.G. col. // Planta: Merremia dissecta // MCT, PUCRS, 105536 (1♀ MCP); Horto, AES, Triunfo, [Rio Grande do Sul], 18.xii.02, Alvarez A.D. col. // Área Degradada, Flor tubular roxa, H: 10:30 - 12:00 // Ceratina spp. // MCT, PUCRS, 105540 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUCRS, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 14.i.1997, Santos C.G. col. // Planta: Merremia dissecta // Ceratina chloris // MCT, PUCRS, 105531 (1♀ MCP); Porto Alegre, PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 27.12.1994, Mardiore Pinheiro // 9637, H:18, F: 14, 8:30 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) , ♀, Schlindwein det., 1996 (1♀ MPC); Porto Alegre, PUC, RS [Rio Grande do Sul], 3.i.1995, Mardiore Pinheiro // 9631, H:18, F:14, 1045 // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris ( Fabricius, 1804) ♀, Schlindwein det., 1996 (1♀ MPC); Roraima, FLONA [National Forest] Roraima, 2.94135ºN, 61.62780ºW // Rio Mucajai, 18 - 21.xii.2017, M.L. Oliveira & F.F. Xavier F. Leg. (1♀ INPA); 12.704 // Ceratina laeta Spin. ♀ ( Affinis ) // 97458 // SP [São Paulo], Avanhandava, 1903, Barbe Leg. (1♀ MZUSP); St. [São] Paulo // F. Sm. Coll., 79 - 22 // C. (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius.) , Pe. J. S. Moure 1972 (1♂ NHMUK); AraÇatuba, SP [São Paulo], X - 61, Rio Jacarecatinga, Lane & Rabello col. // ColeÇão J. Lane (1♀ MZUSP); COLOMBIA: Ceratina chloris Fabr. P.D. Hurd , 59 [1959] // Villavicencio, [Meta], Alt. 500 m (1♀ MEFLG); Porce. Ant., Santa Lucia R.b, 10 - 12 m. Pescado, 27.08.1997, Allan Smith P. ♀ // Anthophoridae , Xylocopinae , Ceratinini , Ceratina, Msp. 1 00578 (1♀ MEFLG); Copacabana (Ant.), en Epiphyllum truncatum, Abr.1982 , J. Cardona // 477 (1♀ MEFLG); Porce., Ant., Cancana RB., 10 - 12, Pescado, 2.07.1997, Allan Smith P. ♀ // Anthophoridae , Xylocopinae , Ceratinini , Ceratina, Msp. 1 00575 (1♀ MEFLG); Porce., Ant., Normandia, R.b, 8 - 10 a.m., Pescado 30.10.1997, Allan Smith P. ♀ // Anthophoridae , Xylocopinae , Ceratinini , Ceratina, Msp. 1 00585 (1♀ MEFLG); Slèv. 23.II.10 // C. T. Trechmann, Bequest, B.M. 1964-549 (1♀ NHMUK); Slèv. 23. II.10 // C. T. Trechmann, Bequest, B.M. 1964-549 (1♀ NHMUK); Rionegro, Ant., en Baccharis sp. , Jun.1975, J. Caro // 2602 // ♀ (1♀ MEFLG); Porce., Ant., La Picardia, R.a. 10 - 12 a.m., Pescado, 1.10.1997, Allan Smith P. ♀ // Anthophoridae , Xylocopinae , Ceratinini , Ceratina, Msp. 1 00582 (1♀ MEFLG); COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Banco, Tiskita, 25m, 8º21'21''N, 83º8'6''W, 20 - 25.FEB.2000, C. Michener, CR1M00 003 // SMO 151731, KUNHM-ENT // Ceratina (Calloceratina) sp., det. RW Brooks 19 (1♀ SEMC); FRENCH GUIANA: Kourou, Beach NW., 2.Jun.77, D. Roubik, No.23 // HDJ // Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabr.) ♀ det. H. V. Daly 1978 (1♀ MHNBA); Kourou, x.11.1976, C.D. Michener, larvae in colln (1♀ SEMC); Kourou, 22.May.1981, D. Roubik, No.7 (2♀♀ MHNBA); Kourou (beach) 2.March.1977, C.D. Michener // Ceratina chloris , wing No2, Bryan N. Danforth (1♀ SEMC); Montagne de Père, Kourou, X.10.1976, Otis, Winston & C.D. Michener (1♀ SEMC); Kourou (beach), 2. March.1977, C.D. Michener (1♀ SEMC); GUYANA: on Vernonia sp. , Mazaruni: Teak Plantation, 15.viii.1937 // Coll. Richards & Smart, B.M. 1937-776 (1♀ NHMUK); PANAMA: Ceratina laeta Spin. // F. Sm., Coll. 79 - 22 // C. (Calloceratina) chloris (F.), Pe. J.S. Moure, 1972 (1♀ NHMUK); Panamá // Smith coll., pres. By Mrs. Farren White., 99 - 303 (1♀ NHMUK); Panama: Veraguas Prov., Coibita Is., 15.Apr.2008, baits D. Roubik coll. #37 (5♀♀ MHNBA); Veraguas Prov., Coibita (Rancheria) Is., Apr.11 - 16.2008, #, D.W. Roubik collector (1♀ MHNBA); Sakai, 2211 (1♀ MHNBA); idem 2212 (1♀ MHNBA); Pueblo Nuev, Pan. Pr., Pan., iv-13- 1945, C.D. Michener // Ceratina laeta Spin, Det : C.D. Michener, 51 [1951] (1♀ SEMC); PARAGUAY: Concepción: Cororõ, 25.ii. - 1.iii.1997, B. Garcete coll. // Ceratina sp. ♀ ( Calloceratina ), Det. A.H. Smith-Pardo (1♀ SEMC); Independência, II.20.1950, J. Foerster (1♀ SEMC); PERU: [Huanuco], Monzon Valley, Tingo Maria, 23.ix.1954 // E.I.Schlinger & E.S.Ross collectors (1♀ CASC); Departamento de Junin, 6.4km E. Acobamba, 31.xii.1954, E.I.Schlinger and E.S.Ross (1♀ CASC); Junín Dept.[Departamento], La Merced, 4Km NE, La Merced Rd., 900m, 11º1'18''S, 75º19'0''W, 15. OCT.1999, R. Brooks, D. Bizoska, PERU 1B99 025, ex: on Orange Daisy // SMO 148001, KUNHM - ENT (1♀ SEMC); Junín Dept.[Departamento], La Merced, 4Km NE, La Meced Rd., 900m 11º1'18''S, 75º19'0''W, 15.OCT.1999, R. Brooks, D Bizoska, PERU 1B99 025, ex: on Orange Daisy // SMO 147982, KUNHM-ENT (1♀ SEMC); [Loreto], Iquitos, 26.7.1906, Ducke // Peru amazônico // ColeÇão Ducke // MPEG, HYM, 11131517 (1♀ MPEG); Madre de Dios, Boca Magu Airstrip, Alto Madre de Dios River, 220m, 12º17'3''S, 71º53'6''W, 27.OCT.2000, R. Brooks, PERU 1B00 114, ex: on wet sand near river // SMO 257087, KUNHM - ENT // Ceratina (Calloceratina), Det. A.H. Smith - Pardo (1♀ SEMC); TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad: Port of Spain., 6.iii.1933. J. Ogilvie, B.M. 1933-305 (1♀ NHMUK); Arima Valley, Trinidad, B.W.I. 9.iii.1951 // Grift of New York Zoo. Soc. Dept., Tropical Research, William Beebe, Dir. (1♀ AMNH); Tobago, Old Grange Tower // West Indies: Tobago, 1-4.ii.1931, Capt A.K. Totton, B.M. 1931-183 (1♀ NHMUK).

Distribution. Argentina (Misiones); Bolivia (La Paz, Santa Cruz); Brazil (Acre, Amazonas, Amapá, Bahia, Ceará, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima, São Paulo); Colombia (Antioquia, Meta); Costa Rica (San José, Tiskita); French Guiana (Cayenne, Kourou); Guyana; Panama (Coclé, Panamá, Sakai, Veraguas); Paraguay (Alto Paraná, Concepción, Independencia); Peru (Huánuco, Junín, Loreto, Madre de Dios); Trinidad and Tobago ( Trinidad, Tobago); Venezuela (not stated).

Comments. FABRICIUS (1804), in the original description, did not indicate how many specimens were studied and the type locality, referring only to "America meridionali". According to MOURE (1960), observing the history of the type material described by Fabricius, probably it was collected in Guyana. In the same work, Moure designated the lectotype and a " paratype ", but in fact it should be interpreted as a paralectotype, both deposited in the NHMD. Moure also gave the status of "N. Syn." for Megilla metallica , probably a typographical error. Among the species studied, this was the most abundant and with the largest area of occurrence. The whereabouts of the type of C. laeta imperialis Schrottky is unknown ( MOURE 2007), and its study was based on the original description. According to the variations observed, it is possible that C. chloris , as interpreted here, could be a repository of cryptic species. Because it is a very difficult group to study and because it is not possible to establish a pattern among the variations, further studies including DNA analysis, will be necessary to confirm more surely if it corresponds to a polymorphic species or several cryptic species.

Figures

Figure 1. Lectotype♀ of Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius).(A) head in frontal view; (B) lateral habitus; (C) labels attached to the specimen. Scale bar (B) = 5.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.

Figure 2. Male of Ceratina (Calloceratina) chloris (Fabricius). (A) head in frontal view; (B) T7; (C) S5; (D) S6; (E) genital capsule. Scale bar: = 1.0 mm. Credit T.Mahlmann.