Penthicus sp.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5573.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2A78D6D-4209-418F-9D90-6ACE3FE9942F |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B11AEC76-FFB0-8248-FF0A-2615FB846800 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Penthicus sp. |
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Note. We found a good image of Penthicus sp. from Upper Dir ( Pakistan) on the website “Forum Entomologi Italiani”. The image was published by David Gonzales:
http://www.entomologiitaliani.net/public/forum/phpBB3/viewtopic.php?f=178&t=41197&view=previous
This species appears similar to P. belutschistanicus but differs in the shape of the pronotum (the lateral margins are emarginated in anterior 2/3 and rounded in basal half) and the base of elytra (slightly rounded, not sharply angular as in P. belutschistanicus ). The species from Upper Dir is likely new to science, but we were unable to contact David Gonzales to examine this specimen in more detail.
Key to species of Penthicus spp. from Iraq, Iran and Pakistan by external characters
1. Lateral sides of pronotum widely flattened and granulated ( Fig. 19D View FIGURE 19 ). Hind wings present, beetles able to fly ( Discotus )............................................................................................... P. dilectans
- Lateral sides of pronotum flattened or not but always without granulation. Hind wings reduced, flightless beetles......... 2
2. Basal margin of pronotum serrate laterally ( Penthicus s. str.) ( Figs 9D View FIGURE 9 , 11F View FIGURE 11 , 13A View FIGURE 13 , 15E View FIGURE 15 , 17I View FIGURE 17 )........................... 3
- Basal margin of pronotum not serrate..................................................................... 7
3. Body length 5.2–8 mm ................................................................................ 4
- Body length 10–14 mm, rarely 8.8 mm .................................................................... 5
4. Elytral interstriae with small sparse granules on sides and raduliform punctures along suture ( Fig. 13I View FIGURE 13 ). P. oblongopunctatus
- Elytral interstriae with simple circular punctures ( Fig. 17I View FIGURE 17 )................................. P. zhenzhuristi afghanus
5. Lateral edges of pronotum narrowly flattened along margin ( Fig. 15D View FIGURE 15 ). Punctures on lateral sides of pronotum same large as or larger than on median portion, but always simple, circular ( Fig. 15E View FIGURE 15 ).............................. P. pinguis pinguis
- Lateral edges of pronotum not flattened, sometimes with narrow groove along margin ( Figs 9D, E View FIGURE 9 , 11D, E View FIGURE 11 ). Punctures on lateral sides of pronotum reniform, slightly rasp-like ( Figs 9E View FIGURE 9 , 11E View FIGURE 11 ).................................................. 6
6. Pronotum more trapezoid, base 1.5 wider than width at anterior margin ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 ). Elytra widest behind middle, 2.87–3.06 times as long as pronotum ( Figs 9A, C View FIGURE 9 ). Elytral interstriae convex................................... P. germanni sp. nov.
- Pronotum less trapezoid, base 1.36 wider than width at anterior margin ( Fig. 11D View FIGURE 11 ). Elytra widest at middle, 2.5–2.64 times as long as pronotum ( Figs 11A, C View FIGURE 11 ). Elytral interstriae flattened.............................. P. mesopotamicus sp. nov.
7. Humeral angles strongly projected in the form of a sharp tooth or ball ( Figs 59A, E View FIGURE 59 , 60D View FIGURE 60 , 61A View FIGURE 61 ).—Eyes incompletely divided by lateral margin of gena with bridge of 1 ommatidia between dorsal and ventral part............................... 8
- Humeral angles not projected or slightly projected ( Fig. 37A View FIGURE 37 , 43A–C View FIGURE 43 , 45A View FIGURE 45 ), never come in the form of tooth or small ball.—Eyes entirely divided by lateral margin of gena, gena and temple connected by narrow bridge ( Figs 3B–D View FIGURE 3 ); sometimes ( corpulentus species-group) line of one ommatidia in width connected dorsal and ventral portions of eye ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ) one isolated ommatidium can be between dorsal and ventral halves of eye ( Figs 4E, F View FIGURE 4 ) or left eye with bridge of ommatidia, and right eye entirely divided (or vice versa) ( Figs 4D, E View FIGURE 4 )............................................................................ 11
8. Lateral edges of pronotum widely emarginated at apical quarter ( Fig. 72E View FIGURE 72 )....................................... 9
- Lateral margins of edges straight or slightly rounded at apical quarter ( Fig. 71C View FIGURE 71 ).................................. 10
9. Elytra glabrous. Pronotum with fine and sparse puncturation ( Fig. 72E View FIGURE 72 )........................ P. pakistanicus sp. nov.
- Elytra covered with short setae. Pronotum with coarse and dense puncturation...................... P. sp. (Upper Dir)
10. Lateral margins of pronotum in basal two thirds straight, parallel, anterior angles acute ( Figs 71C, D View FIGURE 71 ). Elytra with flat interstriae, covered with short setae on sides and apex ( Fig. 71A View FIGURE 71 )......................................... P. belutschistanicus
- Lateral margins of pronotum evenly rounded. Elytra with slightly convex interstriae, completely covered with longer wellvisible setae ( Fig. 73A View FIGURE 73 )................................................................... P. waziristanicus
11. Base of pronotum not margined or margin widely or shortly interrupted in middle ( Figs 31C, D, E View FIGURE 31 , 33D View FIGURE 33 , 35D, E View FIGURE 35 , 37D, E View FIGURE 37 , 39E View FIGURE 39 , 40G, I View FIGURE 40 , 42B, H View FIGURE 42 , 43D View FIGURE 43 , 45D, E View FIGURE 45 , 47A, C View FIGURE 47 , 48D, E View FIGURE 48 )............................................................. 12
- Base of pronotum completely margined ( Figs 50D, E View FIGURE 50 , 52C, D View FIGURE 52 , 54A, B, C View FIGURE 54 , 55H View FIGURE 55 , 57D, E View FIGURE 57 , 59D, E View FIGURE 59 , 61B, C View FIGURE 61 , 63C, D View FIGURE 63 , 65E View FIGURE 65 , 67D, E View FIGURE 67 , 69E, F View FIGURE 69 )............................................................................................ 21
12. Punctures on lateral sides of pronotum strongly elongated, fusiform ( Figs 31C, D View FIGURE 31 )............... P. achaemenus sp. nov.
- Pronotum entirely with simple puncturation of circular punctures.............................................. 13
13. Lateral sides of pronotum flattened ( Figs 37D View FIGURE 37 , 39A, C, E View FIGURE 39 , 40C, G View FIGURE 40 , 47A, C View FIGURE 47 )...................................... 14
- Lateral sides of pronotum not flattened, maximum with narrow groove along margined edge ( Figs 33E, F View FIGURE 33 , 35D, E View FIGURE 35 , 43E, F View FIGURE 43 , 45D, E View FIGURE 45 )................................................................................................ 17
14. Humeral angles strongly obtuse, with widely rounded tip ( Figs 37A, C View FIGURE 37 , 40A, C, E View FIGURE 40 )................................ 15
- Humeral angles slightly obtuse, with pointed tip ( Figs 39A, C View FIGURE 39 , 47A, C View FIGURE 47 )......................................... 16
15. Body slender and narrower. Prothoracic hypomera without granules, only wrinkled or with several poorly visible wrinkle-like tubercles in apical portion ( Fig. 40H View FIGURE 40 ). Basal margin of elytra straight ( Figs 40C, E View FIGURE 40 ). Legs slender and long, femora extending far beyond body margins ( Figs 40C, E View FIGURE 40 ); protarsi longer, combined length of protarsomeres 1–2 (♂) or 1–3 (♀) equal to apical width of protibia............................................................................... P. horni
- Body robust and wider. Prothoracic hypomera distinctly granulated with small round granules ( Fig. 37F View FIGURE 37 ). Basal margin of elytra strongly oblique, roundly projected near mesothoracic constriction ( Fig. 37A, C View FIGURE 37 ). Legs comparatively short, profemora not visible dorsally, mesofemora shortly and metafemora visible dorsally ( Figs 37A, C View FIGURE 37 ); protarsi shorter, combined length of segments 1–4 subequal to apical width of protibia............................................ P. flatilatus sp. nov.
16. Protibiae much wider, apical margin almost same width as widest portion of profemora. Pronotum wider, 1.7–1.75 as wide as long. Elytra more robust, with much stronger rounded lateral margins ( Figs 39A, C View FIGURE 39 )........................... P. freyi
- Protibiae narrower and more slender, apical margin 1.5–1.6 times as long as widest portion of profemora. Pronotum slightly narrower, 1.62–1.68 as wide as long. Elytra slender with slightly rounded lateral edges in male and slightly stronger so in female ( Figs 47A, C View FIGURE 47 )........................................................................... P. similis
17. Base of pronotum distinctly margined only near posterior angles ( Fig. 35E View FIGURE 35 , 48D, E View FIGURE 48 )............................... 18
- Base of pronotum margined from posterior angles to median, protruded portion ( Figs 33F View FIGURE 33 , 42B View FIGURE 42 , 45E View FIGURE 45 ) or margin shortly interrupted in middle ( Fig. 43D View FIGURE 43 )........................................................................ 19
18. Posterior angles of pronotum rounded ( Figs 35A–E View FIGURE 35 ).................................................. P. fartilis
- Posterior angles pointed ( Figs 48A, E View FIGURE 48 )........................................................ P. turcomanicus
19. Legs long, femora extending far beyond from body margin ( Fig. 33A View FIGURE 33 ). Strial punctures on elytra very small, oblong, like dotted lines ( Fig. 33B View FIGURE 33 ). Lateral sides of prothoracic hypomera widely flattened ( Fig. 33G View FIGURE 33 ). Puncturation of pronotum and elytral interstriae very fine and sparse ( Figs 33B, E, F View FIGURE 33 )...................................................... P. ardoini
- Legs short, pro- and mesofemora barely visible dorsally in males and not visible in females ( Figs 43A, C View FIGURE 43 , 45A, C View FIGURE 45 ). Strial punctures on elytra moderately coarse, distinct, round. Lateral sides of prothoracic hypomera not flattened, only slightly separated from other surface of hypomera in basal third. Puncturation of pronotum and elytral interstriae moderately coarse, sparse or dense ( Figs 43A, C View FIGURE 43 , 45A, C View FIGURE 45 )................................................................... 20
20. Humeral angles pointed, slightly projected, lateral margin of elytra near humeral angles slightly sinuous ( Figs 45A, C View FIGURE 45 ). Puncturation of pronotum appears simple, secondary micropunctures very fine and sparse; lateral margin of pronotum without deep groove along margin ( Figs 45D, E View FIGURE 45 )................................................... P. kasatkini sp. nov.
- Humeral angles rounded or more or less distinct, but not projected, lateral margin of elytra near humeral angles straight ( Figs 42A, D, F, G View FIGURE 42 , 43A View FIGURE 43 ) (humeral angles pointed in rare cases but not projected and lateral margin of elytra not sinuous near humeri ( Fig. 43C View FIGURE 43 )). Pronotum with distinct double puncturation: large simple punctures and deep dense secondary micropuncturation on intervening spaces, especially on lateral sides of disc; lateral margin of pronotum with deep groove along margin ( Figs 43E, F View FIGURE 43 )............................................................................................ P. iners
21. Lateral sides of pronotum horizontally ( Figs 21B, C View FIGURE 21 ) or obliquely ( Figs 23A–D View FIGURE 23 , 24A–C View FIGURE 24 , 36D, E View FIGURE 36 , 28A–C, E View FIGURE 28 , 29A, B View FIGURE 29 ) widely flattened........................................................................................... 22
- Lateral sides of pronotum not flattened ( Figs 22D, E View FIGURE 22 , 31C, D View FIGURE 31 ), can be only very narrowly flattened along lateral sulcus ( Figs 55E, F View FIGURE 55 , 63C, D View FIGURE 63 )..................................................................................... 26
22. Lateral sides of pronotum horizontally flattened without distinct border between flattened and convex portion. Puncturation on flattened sides of pronotum very coarse and dense, punctures confluent ( Fig. 21C View FIGURE 21 ). Body small, robust and short, oval, length 10 mm. Elytra 1.17 as long as wide............................................................ P. corpulentus
- Lateral sides of pronotum widely obliquely flattened, flattened portion distinctly separated from convex median portion of disc. Puncturation on flattened sides of pronotum coarse, but punctures not confluent ( Figs 24B View FIGURE 24 , 26D View FIGURE 26 , 29A, B View FIGURE 29 ). Body larger, 11–18 mm. Elytra stronger elongate, 1.24–1.4 as long as wide...................................................... 23
23. Lateral outer margin of protibiae obliquely truncated at apex so that both inner and outer margins subparallel at apex ( Fig. 26H View FIGURE 26 ). Body elongate, comparatively slender, mesofemora well visible dorsally ( Figs 26A, C View FIGURE 26 ).............. P. shokhini sp. nov.
- Protibiae evenly widened from proximal to distal parts, lateral outer margin rounded or straight, not obliquely truncated ( Figs 24D View FIGURE 24 , 29E View FIGURE 29 ). Body elongate or strongly robust and oval, mesotibiae shortly or not visible dorsally..................... 24
24. Body elongate, elytra 1.34–1.4 as long as wide. Mesofemora extending beyond elytral margin ( Figs 23A–D View FIGURE 23 ).... P. persicus
- Body robust, very wide, elytra 1.24–1.26 as long as wide. Mesofemora not extending beyond elytral margin ( Figs 28A–D View FIGURE 28 ).............................................................................................. P. villiersi
26. Eyes indistinctly divided. At least one eye has one separate or connecting ommatidia between dorsal and ventral portions ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 )............................................................................... P. farsistanus sp. nov.
- Eyes distinctly entirely divided into dorsal and ventral portions by genal-temple bridge (as on Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 )................ 27
27. Abdominal ventrite 5 not margined (very short sulcus can be only basally)...................................... 28
- Abdominal ventrite 5 entirely finely margined............................................................. 32
28. Lateral margin of genae sharply angular at level of eye ( Figs 54B View FIGURE 54 , 65E View FIGURE 65 , 69D View FIGURE 69 ).................................... 29
- Lateral margin of genae widely rounded at basal half, widest in front of eye level ( Figs 52C View FIGURE 52 , 55D View FIGURE 55 )................... 31
29. Puncturation of head and pronotum extremely fine and sparse, often poorly visible ( Figs 65E, F View FIGURE 65 ), elytral interstriae with very fine and poorly visible or without puncturation ( Figs 65A, C, D View FIGURE 65 )....................................... P. remotus
- Puncturation of head and pronotum moderately coarse and sparse, well visible ( Figs 54B, C View FIGURE 54 , 69D–F View FIGURE 69 ), puncturation of elytral interstriae fine, but punctures distinct ( Figs 54A View FIGURE 54 , 69A, C View FIGURE 69 ).................................................... 30
30. Body more robust, elytra widest behind middle ( Fig. 54A View FIGURE 54 ). Flattened margin of prohypomera 1.5 times wider than in comparable species ( Fig. 54D View FIGURE 54 ).................................................................... P. grabantae sp. nov.
- Body slenderer, elytra widest at middle ( Fig. 69A, C View FIGURE 69 ). Flattened margin of prohypomera 1.5 times narrower than in comparable species ( Fig. 69G View FIGURE 69 )..................................................................... P. zarudnyi sp. nov.
31. Lateral sides of pronotal disc narrowly flattened ( Fig. 55E, F View FIGURE 55 ). Puncturation of pronotum on lateral sides coarse and dense, puncture diameter subequal to interpuncture space ( Fig. 55F View FIGURE 55 ). Elytral interstriae slightly convex ( Fig. 55A View FIGURE 55 ). Male with slightly convex or flattened abdominal ventrites 1–3 in middle....................................... P. iranensis sp. nov.
- Disc of pronotum entirely convex ( Figs 52C, D View FIGURE 52 ). Puncturation of pronotum on lateral sides fine and sparse, interpuncture space 2–3 times as long as puncture diameter) ( Fig. 52D View FIGURE 52 ). Elytral interstriae slightly flat ( Fig. 52A View FIGURE 52 ). Male abdominal ventrites with deep ellipsoidal longitudinal depression in middle........................................... P. captiosus sp. nov.
32. Body very slender, legs long and slender (mesofemora far extending beyond elytral margin), metatarsus slightly shorter than metatibia ( Figs 63A, C View FIGURE 63 ). Elytra with very fine and sparse puncturation, strial punctures as sparse dotted line ( Fig. 63B View FIGURE 63 ).......................................................................................... P. pazukii sp. nov.
- Body moderately slender ( Fig. 67A View FIGURE 67 ) or robust ( Figs 50A View FIGURE 50 , 52A View FIGURE 52 , 57A View FIGURE 57 ). Mesofemora not or slightly extending beyond elytral margin............................................................................................ 33
33. Lateral margin of genae angular at level of eye ( Fig. 59D View FIGURE 59 ). Puncturation in middle of pronotal disc extremely fine and sparse (interpuncture distance 5–7 times as long as puncture diameter) ( Figs 59D, F View FIGURE 59 ).................. P. khorasanicus sp. nov.
- Lateral margin of genae rounded ( Figs 50 View FIGURE 50 В) or straight (subparallel ( Fig. 67D View FIGURE 67 ) or slightly diverging ( Fig. 67G View FIGURE 67 )), widest ahead of eyes............................................................................................ 34
34. Anterior angles obtuse or rarely right, not projected. Lateral margins of genae straight, subparallel ( Fig. 67D View FIGURE 67 ) or slightly diverging ( Fig. 67G View FIGURE 67 ). Lateral sides of pronotal disc slightly narrowly flattened. Male and female body slender................................................................................................. P. telnovi sp. nov.
- Anterior angles right or slightly acute, projected ( Figs 50D–F, H View FIGURE 50 , 57D–F, H View FIGURE 57 ). Lateral margins of genae evenly rounded. Disc of pronotum entirely evenly convex. Body in both sexes robust ( Figs 50A–C View FIGURE 50 , 57A–C View FIGURE 57 )............................... 35
35. Pronotum more transverse (1.76–1.77 times as wide as long in both sexes) with straight lateral margins from middle to base ( Figs 57A, B, D View FIGURE 57 ) (rarely in female lateral margins straight only in basal third ( Fig. 57C View FIGURE 57 )). Outer flattened portion of prohypomera sharply separated from inner inclined portion by bend. Body shorter and more robust ( Figs 57–C View FIGURE 57 ), mesofemora reaching but not extending beyond elytral margin in both sexes............................................. P. kermanicus sp. nov.
- Pronotum less transverse (1.67–1.68 times as wide as long in male and 1.7–1.73 in female) with evenly rounded margins ( Figs 50A, B, D View FIGURE 50 ). Outer flattened portion of prohypomera smoothly, without sharp bend, continues into the inclined portion. Body more elongate and slightly more slender ( Figs 50A–C View FIGURE 50 ), mesofemora extending beyond elytral margin in male..................................................................................................... P. bam sp. nov.
The distribution of Penthicus spp. in studied territory is shown in Figs 74 View FIGURE 74 and 75 View FIGURE 75 .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.