Tachinus (Tachinus) trifidus Sharp, 1888

Hashizume, Takuto, Schülke, Michael & Maruyama, Munetoshi, 2024, Tachinus of Japan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae): new records, a new synonym, and a new species, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 64 (1), pp. 121-139 : 136-138

Tachinus (Tachinus) trifidus Sharp, 1888

[Japanese name: Neaka-marukubi-hanekakushi]

( Fig. 2H )

Tachinus trifidus Sharp, 1888: 380 (original description); LI (1995a): 59 (redescription).

See LI (1995a: 59) for complete synonymy.

Material examined. JAPAN: HONSHU: AOMORI- KEN: 1 ♁, Rangan- -no-mori, Ajigasawa-machi, 26–31.vii.2003, Y. Kawahara leg. ( KUM). AKITA- KEN: 1 ♁, Zenjin, Chôkai-san, Yurihonjô-shi, 19–20.vi.1980, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM). IBARAKI- KEN: 12 exs., vicinity of Tsukuba-san (50–100 m alt.), Barber traps with fish, 20.iii.–2.iv.2006, P. Jałoszyński leg. (cJał, cSch); 1 ex., Tsukuba City, 12.iii.2006, P.Jałoszyński leg.(cJał). TOCHIGI- KEN: 1 ♀, Marunuma, Katashina-mura, 4–5.ii.1982, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, Tobiyama Castle, Utsunomiya-shi, 17–18.vi.1998, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM). GUNMA- KEN: 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Narahara, Ueno-mura, 6.vi.1993, Y.Nagashima leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, Keizuru-yama, Katashina-mura, 13.vii.1996, K. Ishii et al. leg. ( KUM). TOKYO- TO: 1 ♀, the old road on the right bank of Ogawadani (800 m alt.), Nippara, Okutama-machi, 5.v.1998, K.Haga leg.( KUM). KANAGAWA- KEN: 2 ♀♀, Ô-yama,Tanzawa, 13.v.1978, M.Tao leg.( KUM); 1 ♀, Ôyama (Tanzawa-ôyama), 15.v.1970, Gomi leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁, between Afurijinja-station and the top of Ôyama, Isehara-shi, 8.v.1984, K. Haga leg. ( KUM). TOYAMA- KEN: 1 ex., Yakushidakeyama, E side (1700–2100 m alt.), 24.vii.2002, BOLM leg. ( SMNS). FUKUI- KEN: 1 ♁, Kumotani-yama, Mikata, Wakasa-chô, 15.vi.1980, H. Sasaji leg. ( KUM). YAMANASHI- KEN: 2 ♁♁, Sawara-ike (1200 m alt.), Nirasaki-shi, 8–9.vii.1998, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, Hirogawara, Shirane-san, Minamiarupusu-shi, 9–13.vii.1982, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM); 1 ex., Kitazawatôge, Minamiarupusu-shi, 28.vii.–4.viii.2001, T. Ueno leg. (cSch);3 ♁♁, Kamihikawa-tôge,Daibosatsu,Kôshû-shi, 15–18.vii.1982,S. Naomi leg.( KUM); 3 ♁♁ 4 ♀♀, Sanjônoyu,Tabayama-mura, 4.v.1996, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM); 2 exs., Hatchôdaira, Hokuto-shi, 22–26.vii.2001, T. Ueno leg. (cSch). NAGANO- KEN: 1 ♁, Odairahara, Azumino-shi, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM); 1 ex., Norikura-dake, Sururan, 10–12.viii.1972, K. Kurosa leg. ( KUM). GIFU- KEN: 1 ♁, Nishihotaka-guchi, 11.vi.1980, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM). AICHI- KEN: 1 ♀, Shitara, Uradani, 2–8.v.1994, K. Yamagishi leg. ( KUM). SHIGA- KEN: 1 ex., Mikunidake-yama, E side, 700 m, 12.vii.2002, BOLM leg. ( SMNS). OSAKA- FU: 1 ex., Minomo, 18.iv.1949, Y. Wada leg. ( NHMW). OKAYAMA- KEN: 1 ex., Takiyama, Katsuta-gun, Nagi-chô, 30.iii.2003, Barber traps, Fujitani leg. ( KUM); 4 exs., Ushiroyama,Mimasaka-shi, 3.v.2003, litter sifted,Fujitani leg.( KUM, cSch). YAMAGUCHI- KEN: 2 ♀♀, Nodani, Yamaguchi-shi, 15.iv.2004, Y. Fujitani leg. ( KUM). SHIKOKU: TOKUSHIMA- KEN: 1 ♀, Tsurugi-san, 19–20.vi.1981, S. Naomi leg.( KUM). KYUSHU: FUKUOKA- KEN: 2 ♁♁ 6 ♀♀, Iwaya, Buzen-shi, 9.v.–18.vi.1996, R. Noda leg. ( KUM); 3 ♀♀, Iwaya (580–640 m alt.), Buzen-shi, iv.1997, R. Noda leg. ( KUM). KU- MAMOTO- KEN: 1 ♀, Kunimidake, 16.iv.1972, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, Shiraga-dake,Asagiri-chô, 22.vi.19?6, I. Ohtsuka leg.( KUM). OITA- KEN: 1 ♀, Kurodake, Kujû, 28.v.1986, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM).

Diagnosis. Tachinus (Tachinus) trifidus can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus Tachinus from Japan by the combination of the following characters: anterior halves of eytra reddish; male tergite VIII with four lobes, outer lobes very short; lateral lobes of male tergite VIII stout. For detailed redescription, see LI (1995a: 59). Biology. KAMIMURA & HAYASHI (2014) reported that this species was collected in large numbers by carrion trap. This species is also collected from mushrooms.

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu), Sakhalin.

Remarks. This species is distributed in montane zones in mainland Japan.

Tachinus (Tachinus) yezoensis Li, 1995 [Japanese name: Ezo-marukubi-hanekakushi]

( Fig. 2I )

Tachinus (Tachinus) yezoensis Li, 1995a: 67 (original description).

Type material studied. PARATYPE: 1 ♀, Kamishihoro, Hokkaido, 2–6.v.1990, K. Haga leg. ( KUM).

Materials examined. JAPAN: HOKKAIDO: 1 ♀, between Go-no-sawa and Hira-no-sawa, the right bank of Nukabira-ko, Kamishihoro-chô, 9.vii.2005, K. Haga leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁, Nopporo-shinrin-kôen, Ebetsu-shi, 25.iv.2001, S. Hori leg.( KUM); 1 ♀, Akadake, Daisetsu, Kamikawa-chô, 20.vii.2004, S. Hori leg. (cHor).

Diagnosis. Tachinus (Tachinus) yezoensis is similar to T. japonicus and T. obesus , but can be distinguished by smaller body, male sternite VII with narrower field of modified setae, and four-lobed female tergite VIII. For detailed description, see LI (1995a: 67).

Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido), South Korea.

Key to the Japanese subgenera of the genus Tachinus

(modified from LI 1995a) 1 Antennomeres I–IV glabrous except for a few long setae, V to XI densely pubescent; body size medium to large. ................................................................... 2 – Antennomeres I–II glabrous, III sparsely, and IV to XI densely pubescent; body size small. ....................

.......................... Tachinoderus Motschulsky , 1857 2 Antenna very long and robust, reaching near middle of elytra; at least elytra without microsculpture; anterior tarsus of male not dilated; parameres of aedeagus relatively short in relation to median lobe.

.................................... Latotachinus Ullrich, 1975

(in Japan, only T. punctiventris Sharp, 1888 is known) – Antenna short to moderately long, not reaching middle of elytra; head, pronotum, and elytra with microsculpture (except for T. mimulus ); anterior tarsus of male dilated; parameres of aedeagus vary in length. ......................... Tachinus Gravenhorst, 1802

Key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Tachinoderus

(modified from LI 1995b)

1 Elytra covered with dense microsculpture. ............ 2 – Elytra without microsculpture. ............................... 3 2 Pronotum reddish yellow. Sclerotized tube of inner sclerite of aedeagus at least twice as long as proximal subspherical part, coiled about 1.5 times (see VESELOVA 2011: fig. 10). ... T. nigriceps Sharp, 1888 – Pronotum black to dark brown.Sclerotized tube of inner sclerite of aedeagus somewhat longer than proximal subspherical part, simply curved (see VESELOVA 2011: fig. 7). ............................ T. kobensis Cameron, 1933

3 Third tergite without pruinose spots. ........................ ......................................... T. iriomotensis Li, 1994

– Third tergite with a pair of pruinose spots. ............ 4

4 Inner lobe of male tergite VIII fused, with apical margin shallowly and roundly emarginate (see LI 1994: fig. 1). Outer lobes of female tergite VIII with six robust short bristles along margin (see LI 1994: fig. 5). Parameres of aedeagus symmetrical (see LI 1994: fig. 4). ............................... T. naomii Li, 1994

– Inner lobe of male tergite VIII separated by a deep subtriangular emargination. Outer lobes of female tergite VIII without robust short bristles. Parameres of aedeagus asymmetrical. ..................................... 5

5 Left paramere of aedeagus about 3/4 times as long as right paramere (see HAYASHI 2003: figs 17, 18). ........ ..................................... T. yamato ( Hayashi, 2003)

– Left paramere of aedeagus somewhat shorter than right paramere (see HAYASHI & YOSHIDA 2016: figs 10, 11). ............................. T. diminutus Sharp, 1888

Key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Tachinus

(modified from SCHȖLKE & HASHIZUME 2021)

1 Abdominal segments III–VII without long lateral setae. Small-eyed species (LE/HW: 0.21–0.24) with long elytra, long antennae, and long legs (see SCHÜLKE & HASHIZUME 2021: fig. 1). Female tergite VIII with four distinct lobes, outer lobes weakly diverging, distinctly longer and stouter than inner lobes (see SCHÜLKE & HASHIZUME 2021: fig.3), sternite VIII with six distinct lobes (see SCHÜLKE & HASHIZUME 2021: fig. 4). ........... ... T. subterraneoides Schülke & Hashizume, 2021

– At least abdominal segment VII with a long lateral seta on each side. Eyes larger (LE/HW:> 0.27). Female tergite VIII different. ................................. 2

2 Abdominal segments IV–VII with long lateral setae. Male sternite VII with triangular arc of modified setae (see LI 1995a: fig. 12B). Female sternite VIII without lobes at posterior margin (see LI 1995a: fig. 12F), median lobe of female tergite VIII not distinctly separated from outer lobes (see LI 1995a: fig. 12e). .................................. T. gelidus Eppelsheim, 1893

– Abdominal segments IV–VI without long lateral setae. Sexual characters different. .......................... 3

3 Lateral setae of pronotum and elytra, and discal setae of elytra long and distinct. Male sternite VII with two separate fields of modified setae (see LI 1995b: fig. 4B). Female sternite VIII with six distinct lobes (see LI 1995b: fig. 4F), tergite VIII with four lobes, median lobes almost of the same length as outer lobes (see LI 1995b: fig. 4E). ..... T. nakanei Ullrich, 1975

– Lateral setae of pronotum and elytra, and discal setae of elytra short and indistinct. Sexual characters different. ................................................................. 4

4 Tergites III–V with a pair of pruinose spots near middle. .................................................................... 5

– Only tergites III–IV with pruinose spots near middle. .................................................................... 7

5 Pronotum with distinct microsculpture, body large (FBL: 3.0–5.0 mm) and subparallel. Male sternite VII broadly emarginate at posterior margin, only with fine sparse setae along the emargination, without modified setae (see LI 1995a: fig. 1B). ...................... ................................. T. elongatus Gyllenhal, 1810

– Pronotum without microsculpture, body small (FBL: 2.3–3.0 mm), abdomen narrowing towards apex. Male sternite VII with semicircular emargination at posterior margin, with clusters of modified setae and comb-like setae on both sides of the emargination (see LI 1995a: fig. 13B). ......................................... 6

6 Apices of parmeres slender in lateral view. Female tergite VIII with undivided broad and short middle lobe (see LI 1995a: fig. 13E). .................................... ......................................... T. mimulus Sharp, 1874

– Apices of parameres thick in lateral view. Female tergite VIII with four lobes ( Fig. 4F ). ....................... .................................... T. kabakovi Veselova, 1990

7 Coloration conspicuous, black with basal 2/3 of elytra reddish yellow. Male sternite VII with broad shallow emargination (see LI 1995a: fig. 6B), tergite VIII without distinct inner lobes at posterior margin (see LI 1995a: fig. 6A). Female tergite VIII elongated with long undivided inner lobe (see LI 1995a: fig. 6E). ........................................ T. kinoshitai Li, 1995

– Coloration less conspicuous, mostly brown to black, pale humeral spots of elytra smaller if present. Sexual characters different. ................................................ 8

8 Pronotum with distinct posterior angles. Male sternite VII with deep emargination, bordered by modified setae and short spines, inner sides of the lateral processes with one longer spoon-like seta (see LI 1995a: fig. 7B). Female sternite VIII with six distinct lobes (see LI 1995a: fig. 7F), tergite VIII with four lobes, middle lobes almost of the same length as outer lobes (see LI 1995a: fig. 7E). ....................... T. bidens Sharp, 1888

– Posterior angles of pronotum broadly rounded. Sexual characters different. .................................... 9

9 Forebody without microsculpture except for anterolateral margin of pronotum. Male sternite VII with narrow emargination, without clusters of modified setae (see LI 1995b: fig. 3B). Female sternite VIII with six distinct lobes (see LI 1995b: fig. 3F), tergite VIII with four lobes, middle lobes almost of the same length as outer lobes (see LI 1995b: fig. 3E). ................................ T. javanus Cameron, 1937

– Forebody with distinct microsculpture. Sexual characters different. .............................................. 10

10 Large species (FBL 4.3–5.6 mm). Microsculpture of head and pronotum dense, consisting of mostly short transverse meshes. Male sternite VII broadly and deeply emarginate, with extensive cluster of modified setae (see LI 1995a: figs 8B, 9B). Female sternite VIII with four distinct outer lobes, inner lobes fused (see LI 1995a: figs 8F, 9F). ................ 11

– Medium-sized species (FBL 2.6 to 4.0 mm). ....... 12

11 Apices of parameres slenderer in ventral view (see LI 1995a: fig. 8D). Female tergite VIII with more robust outer lobes and short inner lobe, incisions between inner and outer lobes short (see LI 1995a: fig. 8E). .. ....................................... T. japonicus Sharp, 1888

– Apices of parameres more robust in ventral view (see LI 1995a: fig. 9D). Female tergite VIII with slenderer outer lobes and longer inner lobe, incisions between inner and outer lobes deep (see LI 1995a: fig. 9E). ... ............................................ T. obesus Weise, 1877

12 Male sternite VII with broad round emargination, field of modified setae arranged along the emargination (see LI 1995a: fig. 11B). Female sternite VIII with four distinct outer lobes, inner lobes fused (see LI 1995a: fig. 11F). ..................... T. yezoensis Li, 1995

– Emargination at posterior margin of male sternite VII different, field of modified setae less extensive. Female sternite VIII with six distinct lobes, inner lobes not fused. ..................................................... 13

13 Pronotum with microsculpture composed of isodiametric meshes ( Fig. 3C ). Parameres of aedeagus long, twice curved in lateral view ( Fig. 3H ). ............ .................................................. T. dujieae sp. nov.

– Pronotum with microsculpture composed of more or less regular transverse striae or long transverse meshes. Parameres of aedeagus different. ............ 14

14 Pronotum with distinct broadly yellow margins. Elytra brown to piceous with small paler humeral markings. Male sternite VII with shallow emargination, field of modified setae small and restricted to the middle part of the emargination (see LI 1995a: fig. 2B). Parameres with flattened apex in ventral view (see LI 1995a: fig. 2D). ......................................................... ............... T. rishirianus Watanabe & Shibata, 1965

– Pronotum uniformly dark brown to piceous. Elytra with larger pale humeral markings or pale basal part. Sexual characters different. .................................. 15

15 Antennae shorter, penultimate segments weakly transverse. Elytra with pale humeral markings or small pale basal area. Emargination at posterior margin of male sternite VII weakly angular in the middle (see LI 1995a: fig. 3B). Aedeagus in ventral view slenderer, about 3 times as long as broad (see LI 1995a: fig. 3D). Middle lobe of female tergite VIII broad, in the middle divided by a less deep semicircular emargination (see LI 1995a: fig. 3E). ........... ........................... T. bipustulatus ( Fabricius, 1792)

– Antennae longer, penultimate segments as long as broad or weakly elongate. Elytra with more indistinct pale basal area which may extend to the major part of the elytra. Emargination at posterior margin of male sternite VII evenly rounded (see LI 1995a: fig. 4B). Aedeagus in ventral view more robust, about 2.5 times as long as broad (see LI 1995a: fig. 4D). Middle lobe of female tergite VIII in the middle divided by a deep incision (see LI 1995a: fig. 4E). ........................ ............................................ T. trifidus Sharp, 1888

Figures

Fig. 2. Habitus of Tachinus spp.A – T. javanus Cameron, 1937; B – T. kinoshitai Li, 1995; C – T. mimulus Sharp, 1874; D – T. nakanei Ullrich, 1975; E – T. obesus Weise, 1877; F – T. rishirianus Watanabe & Shibata, 1965; G – T. subterraneoides Schülke & Hashizume, 2021; H – T. trifidus Sharp, 1888; I – T. yezoensis Li, 1995. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

Fig. 4.A–I – Tachinus (Tachinus) kabakovi Veselova, 1990.A, C–G – male from Russia. B, H–I – female from Hokkaido, Japan.A–B – habitus; C – male sternite VII; D – male tergite VIII; E – male sternite VIII; F – aedeagus in lateral view; G – aedeagus in ventral view; H – female tergite VIII; I – female sternite VIII. Scale bars = 1.0 mm for A–B; 0.5 mm for C–I.

Fig. 3. A–C, E–L – Tachinus (Tachinus) dujieae sp. nov. D – Tachinus (Tachinus) rishirianus Watanabe & Shibata, 1965. A – male; B – female; C–D – microsculpture of elytra; E – male sternite VII; F – male tergite VIII; G – male sternite VIII; H – aedeagus in lateral view; I – aedeagus in ventral view; J – female tergite VIII; K – female sternite VIII; L – female abdominal segments IX–X and spermatheca. Scale bars = 1.0 mm for A–B, E; 0.2 mm for C–D; 0.5 mm for F–L.