Colletotrichum plurivorum Damm, Alizadeh & Toy

Fallahi, Maryam, Armand, Alireza, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Hyde, Kevin D. & Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., 2025, Pathogenic fungi (Sordariomycetes) associated with annual and perennial crops in Northern Thailand, MycoKeys 117, pp. 191-265 : 191-265

Colletotrichum plurivorum Damm, Alizadeh & Toy , Stud. Mycol. 92: 1–46. 2019

Fig. 7

Description.

Pathogenic to persimmon ( Diospyros ehretioides ) and causes brown leaf spots on leaves. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, solitary, superficial or immersed, non-stromatic, globose to pyriform, ostiolate, glabrous. Asci unitunicate, 8 - spored, cylindrical, smooth-walled, broadly truncated at the base. Ascospores uni- or biseriate, aseptate, hyaline, pale brown with age, allantoid to fusiform, rounded ends, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: conidiophores pale brown, smooth-walled, simple or septate, branched, up to 30 μm long. Conidiogenous cells pale brown, smooth-walled, cylindrical, 7–19 × 4–5.5 μm. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, straight, cylindrical, sometimes slightly clavate on apex, base rounded, 10–20 × 4–8 μm (mean = 13 × 5 μm, n = 30). Appressoria solitary, dark brown, irregular in outline, undulate to lobate margin, 6–8 × 5.5–8 μm (mean = 7 × 6.5 μm, n = 20). Chlamydospores and Setae are absent.

Culture characteristics.

Colonies on PDA reach 60 mm in diameter after 7 days of growth at 25 ° C in the dark, flat with medium density, entire margin fluffy. The upper view is olivaceous grey in the center and greyish-white in the margin. The reverse is olivaceous in the center with olivaceous and primrose circles.

Material examined.

Thailand • Chiang Rai Province, Mueang Chiang Rai District, Doi Hang , on persimmon ( Diospyros ehretioides ), February 2023, Maryam Fallahi, dried culture MF 117-1 ( MFLU 24-0236 ), living culture, MFLUCC 24-0238 .

Notes.

Strain MFLUCC 24-0238 clustered with Colletotrichum plurivorum ( CBS 125474 , ex-holotype) in the Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex by 100 % ML, 100 % MP bootstrap support, and 1.0 BYPP (Fig. 6 ). The base pair differences between C. plurivorum strains MFLUCC 24-0238 and CBS 125474 revealed 0.53 % (1 / 187 bp) differences in gapdh, 0.46 % (1 / 217 bp) differences in act, and no difference in ITS, chs- 1, and tub 2. Colletotrichum plurivorum ( MFLUCC 24-0238 ) is similar to C. plurivorum in morphology ( CBS 125474 ) ( Damm et al. 2019). However, it produced slightly shorter appressoria with an L / W ratio = 1.1 (6–8 × 5.5–8 μm in C. plurivorum ( MFLUCC 24-0238 ) vs. 12.5–18.5 × 6.5–11.5 μm (L / W ratio = 1.75) in C. plurivorum ( CBS 125474 , ex-type )) ( Damm et al. 2019). Colletotrichum plurivorum is closely related to C. cliviicola and differs by a few nucleotides in each gene. The asexual morph of the two species is morphologically similar. However, the growth rate of C. plurivorum is slower than that of C. cliviicola ( Damm et al. 2009) . Colletotrichum plurivorum was first isolated from Capsicum annuum in the Sichuan province of China and has a wide host range, including Phaseolus lunatus , P. vulgaris, Gossypium spp. , Spathiphyllum wallisii , and Coffea spp. ( Damm et al. 2019; Hassan et al. 2022; Liu et al. 2016). In this study, we isolated C. plurivorum from persimmon in northern Thailand as a new host record.

Figures

Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree of the Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex generated by maximum likelihood of combined ITS, gapdh, chs- 1, act, and tub 2 sequence data. The ultrafast maximum likelihood (ML) and maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support values ≥ 50 % (BT) as well as Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.90 (BYPP) are shown, respectively, near the nodes. The ex-type strains are marked with an asterisk. The tree is rooted in Colletotrichum merremiae (CBS 124955).

Figure 7. Colletotrichum plurivorum (MFLUCC 24-0238) a brown leaf spot on persimmon leaves b front, and c back view of the colony on PDA after seven days d acervuli on PDA e, f conidiophores and conidiogenous cells g chlamydospore h, i ascus j – l appressoria. Scale bars: 10 μm.