PSEUDOLIVIDAE DE GREGORIO, 1880

Kantor, Yu. I., Fedosov, A. E., Puillandre, N., Bonillo, C. & Bouchet, P., 2017, Returning to the roots: morphology, molecular phylogeny and classification of the Olivoidea (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180, pp. 493-541 : 533

FAMILY PSEUDOLIVIDAE DE GREGORIO, 1880

Synonym: Zemiridae Iredale, 1924

Type genus: Pseudoliva Swainson, 1840

Diagnosis: Shell covered by periostracum, ovoid to fusiform, with high or very high last whorl, and medium broad to broad ovate aperture. Siphonal canal short to very short, moderately broad, shallowly to deeply notched. Anterior band not pronounced. Olivoid groove present, terminating by short denticle on outer aperture lip, sometimes denticle poorly pronounced. Plication plate not pronounced. Primary spire callus limited to inner lip, at most slightly extending to parietal wall. Parietal wall sometimes forming well-defined fold, partially separating the upper part of aperture ( Pseudoliva ). Spiral sculpture absent ( Pseudoliva ) or present. Suture simple, adpressed, eventually broadly channelled ( Zemira ).

Foot with narrow propodium, lacking parapodia. Operculum large, with terminal nucleus. Radula with three teeth per transverse row. Central tooth tricuspid. Lateral teeth unicuspid or bicuspid ( Pseudoliva , Fig. 12A, B). Mantle without mantle filament, with weak to moderately pronounced posterior mantle lobe. Head with short flaps with eyes, sometimes flaps producing short tentacles. Rhynchostome slightly shifted to the base of right tentacle. Proboscis very short when retracted, with basal buccal mass and radular odontophoral retractor passing through the nerve ring. Salivary glands acinous. Accessory salivary gland tubular.

Remarks: The anatomy of various Pseudolividae has been reasonably well studied, for some species in detail ( Ponder & Darragh, 1975; Kantor, 1991; Simone, 2007).

The genera Macron H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 (type species: Buccinum aethiops Reeve, 1847 ; M) and Triumphis Gray, 1856 (type species: Buccinum distortum W. Wood, 1828 ; M) were attributed to Pseudolividae by Vermeij (1998). Thiele (1929) illustrated the radula of the former and described that of the latter. The tricuspid lateral teeth (not found in any other Pseudolividae ) and multicuspid central ones are more similar to Buccinoidea. Landau et al. (2013) suggested a placement of Macron in Nassariidae , a position that was not rejected by Galindo et al. (2016) but requires molecular confirmation. The position of Triumphis is even more uncertain, but it may be tentatively assigned to the Nassariidae as well.