Tuberonotha Handschin, 1961

Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakamine and Shûhei, 2024, Taxonomic Notes on the Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from Japan, Species Diversity 29 (2), pp. 209-234 : 222-227

Genus Tuberonotha Handschin, 1961

Tuberonotha Handschin, 1961: 282 .

Type species. Mantispa strenua Gerstaecker, 1894 , by original designation.

Diagnosis [modified from Snyman et al. (2018)]. Tuberonotha can be distinguished from all other Oriental and Palaearctic mantispid genera by the following combination of characters: pronotum conspicuous irregularly rugose, distinct constriction posterior to maculae followed by the prominent dorsal hump on midzone.

Tuberonotha strenua ( Gerstaecker, 1894) [Japanese name: Oo-kamakirimodoki] ( Figs 1D , 10 , 11 )

Mantispa strenua Gerstaecker, 1894: 150 [type locality: Java occidentalis ( Indonesia)].

Mantispa magna Miyake, 1910: 214 , pl. 12, fig. 3, 3a–c [type locality: Fukuokaken , Kiushu and Soeda , Fukuokaken, Kiushu ( Japan)] .

Material examined. Shikoku: 1 male, 24 September 2023, Kaminojiri, Kumakogen-cho, Ehime, K. Yasuda leg . ( MPIM); 1 male, 12 October 2018, Nishidani, Niyodogawacho , Kochi, M . Mori leg . (MPIM-HN-002); 1 male, 15 August 2020, Befukyo, Monobe-cho, Kami-shi , Kochi, T . Befu leg . ( OMNH-N000009469 ); 1 female, 19 September 2020, Kuroson, Shimanto-shi , Kochi, T . Befu leg . ( OMNH-N000009468 ) . Kyushu: 1 female, 16 August 1954, Hikosan, Soeda-machi , Fukuoka, C . Okuma leg . ( OMNH-N000009470 ); 1 male, 19 September 1968, Akama, Munakata-shi , Fukuoka, M . Kuramoto leg . ( OMNH-N000009470 ); 1 male, 13 September 1969, same locality and collector ( OMNH-N000009471 ); 2 females, 11 September 2020, Taradake, Tara-cho , Saga, K . Tatsuta leg ( MPIM); 1 male, 23 September 2019, Koumu, Kishikumachi, Goto-shi , Nagasaki, K . Chiyoda leg . (KC-20190923); 1 male, 19 August 2009, Oike, Kurodake, Yufu-shi , Oita, M . Mori leg . (MPIM-HN-003).

Redescription. Head. Labrum pale brown to dark yellow. Clypeus black. Frons yellow. Vertex generally pale brown to brown except black stripes near base of antenna and at posterior margin of vertex ( Fig. 10C, D ). Antennae: all segments generally brown except some flagellomeres orange at apex, flagellum with 32–37 articles.

Thorax. Prothorax 5.0– 6.1 mm long in males, 5.8–7.4 mm long in females, irregularly wrinkled. Pronotum irregularly rugose in dorsal view, generally brown to blackish brown with pale brown diagonal lines on both posterior half sides and with pale brown elongate triangular spot on posterior half in dorsal view ( Fig. 10B, D ). Meso- and metanotum generally brown except yellow scutellum.

Legs. Foreleg: entirely dark brown, with pale brown stripe at proximal one-quarter of coxa ( Fig. 10B ). Dark brown femoral major process at proximal two-fifths of femur length, dark brown posteroventral row of processes present on distal three-fifths of femur length. Midleg: femur dark brown, tibia proximal one-third dark brown and rest pale brown, tarsus pale brown, pretarsal claws with five to six apical teeth, arolium present. Hindleg: femur pale milky yellow except dark brown at proximal and distal region, tibia dark brown at proximal one-third and rest pale milky yellow with brownish marking at distal region, tarsus brown, pretarsal claws with five to six apical teeth, arolium present.

Wings. Forewing 20.5–27.5 mm long in males, 22.5– 31.4 mm long in females, elongate, generally hyaline with wing base, costal to subcostal area, and apical region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma brown. Radius Anterior (RA) and Radius Posterior (RP) veins partly fused at wing apex ( Fig. 9E ). Media (M) and Radius (R) veins fused along approximately basal one-quarter of wing length and M vein posteriorly retracted to Cubitus Anterior (CuA), forming radial triangle (rt) ( Fig. 10E ). Hind wing 18.5– 24.5 mm long in males, 20.8–27.0 mm long in females, elongate, generally hyaline with wing base, costal to subcostal area, and apical region pale brown, venation brown. Pterostigma dark brown. RA and RP veins partly fused at wing apex. Proximal r-m crossvein (1r-m) present between most proximal branch of RPs and Media Anterior (MA) ( Fig. 10F–I ). Some specimens most proximal RP branch further ( Fig. 10H ). Slightly gap present at connection of MA and 1r-m ( Fig. 10I , indicated arrowhead). Cubitus Posterior (CuP) and First anal vein (A1) partly fused at distal portion ( Fig. 10F ).

Abdomen. Tergite I generally blackish brown. Anterotergite of tergite II generally blackish brown with a longitudinal yellow stripe at middle in dorsal view, posterotergite generally dark brown with one transverse black stripe near posterior margin and yellow at posterior margin. Tergites III and IV generally dark brown with an inverted triangular yellow spot. Tergites V to VIII with yellow spot at middle in dorsal view and blackish brown on both sides. All sternites generally blackish brown except sternite II with a yellow stripe at posterior margin.

Male terminalia ( Fig. 11A–F ). Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with fine setae. Ventromedial lobe directed medially, with short and thick setae. Sternite IX semicircular, apex broadly projected and slightly concave at centre in ventral view, covered with fine setae. Gonostyli X sclerotised, long and thin, spine-like apex, with a pair of small sclerites at base of gonostyli X membrane. Gonocoxites X broad with a notch at apex in ventral view. Median lobe of gonocoxites XI acuminate. Hypandrium internum triangular with two slightly concave sides in dorsal view.

Female terminalia ( Fig. 11G–I ). Gonocoxites VIII narrow, elongate, setose. Gonapophyses VIII small, slightly protruding, setose. Ectoproct ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Gonocoxites IX ellipsoid, covered with thin setae. Spermatheca strongly coiled, base of fertilisation canal duct narrow.

Distribution. JAPAN: Shikoku, Kyushu; PHILIPPINES;

INDONESIA; NEW GUINEA; AUSTRALIA.

Figures

Fig. 1. Photographs of living mantispids from Japan. A, Austroclimaciella quadrituberculata (Westwood, 1852) (MPIM-HN-001, photograph © Hiroshi Nakamine); B, Euclimacia badia Okamoto, 1910 (HH-20210603, photograph © Hibiki Hoshito); C, Eumantispa harmandi (Navás, 1909) (SK-20210914, photograph © Seiya Kudo); D, Tuberonotha strenua (Gerstaecker, 1894) (KC-20190923, photograph © Kazuma Chiyoda); E, Mantispilla japonica (McLachlan, 1875) (MPIM-HN-010, photograph © Hiroshi Nakamine); F, Mantispilla transversa Stitz, 1913 (OMNH-N000009473, photograph © Rikio Matsumoto). Scale bars:5.0mm.

Fig. 10. Tuberonotha strenua (Gerstaecker, 1894), OMNH-N000009468 (A, D–F), OMNH-N000009469 (B, C), MPIM-HN-002 (G, I), MPIM-HN-003 (H). A, Female habitus, dorsal view; B, head, prothorax, and forelegs, lateral view; C, head, frontal view; D, head and pronotum, dorsal view; E, forewing venation; F, hind wing venation; G, details of hind wing M and RP venation; H, ditto; I, details of MA and 1r-m connection. Scale bars: A, 10.0mm; B, E, F, 5.0mm; C, 1.0mm; D, G, H, 2.0mm; I, 0.5mm.

Fig. 11. Male and female terminalia of Tuberonotha strenua (Gerstaecker, 1894). OMNH-N000009470 (A–C), OMNH-N000009471 (D–F), OMNH-N000009468 (G–I). A, Male terminalia, lateral view; B, ditto, dorsal view; C, ditto, ventral view; D, male genitalia, ventral view; E, ditto, left lateral view; F, hypandrium, dorsal view; G, female terminalia, lateral view; H, ditto, ventral view; I, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, G, H, 0.5mm; D–F, I, 0.2mm.

Fig. 9. Male and female terminalia of Eumantispa harmandi (Navás, 1909), MPIM-4186 (A–C), MPIM-4182 (D–F), MPIM-N003 (G, H), MPIM-4178 (I). A, Male terminalia, lateral view; B, ditto, dorsal view; C, ditto, ventral view; D, male genitalia, ventral view; E, ditto, left lateral view; F, hypandrium, dorsal view; G, female terminalia, lateral view; H, ditto, ventral view; I, spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, G, H, 0.5mm; D–F, I, 0.2mm.