Lemonia huerrem, Prozorova & Semionova & Volkova & Revay & Yakovlev & Saldaitis & Sulak & Müller & Prozorov, 2024

Prozorova, Tatiana A., Semionova, Anastasia A., Volkova, Julia S., Revay, Edita E., Yakovlev, Roman V., Saldaitis, Aidas, Sulak, Harald, Müller, Günter C. & Prozorov, Alexey M., 2024, Lemonia huerrem - a new species from Turkey (Lepidoptera, Brahmaeidae), Ecologica Montenegrina 77, pp. 31-43 : 34-43

Lemonia huerrem sp. n.

https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D3F822CA-2613-4D0E-818F-ED3AC7A57448

( Figs 1–6 , 15–17 , 21–22 )

Holotype: ♂, Turkey, Bitlis Province, 25 km SW Bitlis, Başor- Tal , 38.23 N, 41.9 E, 1400 m, 16.09.1985, leg. H. Hacker, GS 14524, barcode GWORQ906-10 ( CGM).

Paratypes, Turkey (5♂; all in CGM) : ♂, same label data as HT; 3♂, Bitlis Province, Başor- Tal , 16.09.1985, leg. H. Hacker, GS 2023 0614 ; ♂, Hakkâri Province, 7 km NNE Uludere, E side of Tanin Dağları, Elkek Geçidi , 37.483 N, 42.93 E, 2200 m, 15.09.1985, leg. H. Hacker, GS 2023 0616, barcode GWORQ908-10 .

Description. Male habitus ( Figs 1–6 ). Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen straw. Forewing. Forewing length: 20.5–24 mm. Somewhat triangle with rounded apex and tornal angle, outer margin convex and slightly waved. Ground color straw. Pattern consists of vague dark straw postmedial line and discal dot. Fringe straw. Hindwing. Somewhat trapezoid with slightly wavy outer margin. Ground color straw. Pattern consists of vague dark straw postmedial line. Fringe straw. Genitalia ( Figs 15–17 ). Tegumen a band widening medially. Socii membranous, covered with short chaetae. Uncus elongated, apically pointed, slightly varies in width and length with more or less pronounced neck ( Fig. 17 , shown with arrows), covered with short chaetae. Gnathos short, semioval, spatula-like with uneven surface, narrow subanal plate going from it towards anal opening ( Fig. 16 ). Vinculum a narrow band. Valvae elongated, rounded, covered with chaetae, lateral margin with more or less pronounced apex ( Figs 15, 17 , shown with arrows); sacculus weakly pronounced. Juxta boat-like, apically rounded, widened basally, surrounds aedeagus. Aedeagus elongated, narrow, almost straight. Vesica small, spherical. Female remains unknown.

Diagnosis. Lemonia huerrem sp. n. differs from L. tamara by better pronounced wing pattern (compare Figs 1–6 and 7 ), larger male genitalia (compare Figs 15–17 and 18 ), distribution in Turkey ( Fig. 21 ), and average p -distance of 2.81% ( Fig. 22 ); and from L. ponticus by less pronounced pattern (compare Figs 1–16 and 8–14 ), longer uncus and valvae with pronounced apex on lateral margin of valvae (compare Figs 15–17 and 19–20 ), distribution in eastern half of Southeastern Taurus Mountains only ( Fig. 21 ), and average p-distance of 2.43% ( Fig. 22 ).

Distribution ( Fig. 22 ). Eastern Anatolian montane steppe and Zagros Mountains forest steppe in Bitlis and Hakkâri Provinces, Turkey.

Biology. Adults were collected in September from altitudes ranging from 1400 to 2200 meters a.s.l. Preimaginal stages unknown.

Etymology. Dedicated to Hürrem Sultan (ca 1502–1558) – concubine, then haseki (the sultan’s favourite consort) and, finally, the legal and only wife of Süleiman the Magnificent (1494–1566). She was one of the most influential women in the Ottoman Empire “not simply because of [her] proximity to the source of political power, that is the sultan, but because of [her] desire and ambition to use such power” ( Boyar, 2016). Her life described in numerous historical works (e.g. Peirce, 1993, 2017), works of art and popular culture (e.g. Yermolenko, 2013; Foghel & Cosciug, 2023).

Acknowledgments

We thank Bert Gustaffson (SNHM), Ulf Buchsbaum, Mei-Yu Chen, and Axel Hausmann (ZSM) for providing material and helping to process it. A portion of the presented work was done by Vadim Zolotuhin and Alexey Prozorov with the financial support of the Thomas-Witt-Stiftung.

References

Antoshin, D.A. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (2011) Lemonia strigata Rougeot et Viette, 1978, stat. n., and L. ballioni (Christoph, 1888) (Lepidoptera: Lemoniidae) in a fauna of Europe with taxonomic notes on related species and description of a new subspecies. Eversmannia, 25–26, 9–24.

Antoshin, D.A. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (2013) Taxonomic remarks on the Lemoniidae (Lepidoptera) with description of a new species from Iran. Tinea, 22, 168–174.

Aurivillius, Ch. (1894) Die palaearktischen Gattungen der Lasiocampiden, Striphnopterygiden und Megalopygiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” 7, 121–192.

Bertaccini, E., Fiumi, G. & Provera, P. (1994) Bombici e Sfingi d’Italia (Lepidoptera Heterocera). Vol. 1. Natura-Giuliano Russo Editore (BO), Monterenzio, 248 pp.

Boyar, E. (2016) Chapter 8. The Public Presence and Political Visibility of Ottoman Women. In: Boyar, E. & Fleet, K. (Eds), Ottoman Women in Public Space. Volume 14. Brill, Leiden – Boston, pp. 230–252.

Christoph, H. (1888) Diagnosen zu einigen neuen Lepidopteren des palaearctischen Faunengebietes. Horae Societatis Entomologicae Rossicae, 22, 308–314.

Corley, M.F.V., Nunes, J., Rosete, J., Texeira, J. & Valadares, A. (2023) New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2022 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 51 (204), 609–627. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.784

Cui, L., Cheng, R. & Jiang, N. (2017) Lemoniidae are not distributed in China: the moth identified as Lemonia taraxaci (Lepidoptera: Leomoniidae) in China is actually a bombycid species (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 60 (6), 731–734.

https://doi.org/10.16380/j/kcxb.2017.06.013

Daniel, F. (1953) Neue Heteroceren-Arten und -Formen. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 43, 252–261.

Daniel, F. (1965) Lemonia beirutica sp. n. (Lep. Lemoniidae). Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 50, 74.

de Freina, J. (1999) 10. Beitrag zur systematischen Erfassung der Bombyces- und Sphinges-Fauna Kleinasiens. Weitere Kenntnisse über Artenspektrum, Systematik und Verbreitung der Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Notodontidae, Thaumetopoeidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae und Cymatophoridae (Insecta, Lepidoptera). Atalanta, 30 (1/ 4), 187–257.

Denis, M. & Schiffermüller, I. (1755) Ankündung eines systematischen Werkes von den Schmetterlingen der Wiener Gegend herausgegeben von einigen Lehrern am k. k. Theresianum. Augustin Bernardi, Wien, 322 pp.

deWaard, J.R., Ivanova, N.V., Hajibabaei, M. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2008) Assembling DNA Barcodes. In: Martin, C.C. (Ed.), Environmental Genomics. Humana Press, Totowa, New Jersey, pp. 275– 294. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-548-0_15

Didmanidze, E.A. & Kvavadze, E.Sh. (2006) The Butterflies of Borjom-Kharagauli National park. Tbilisi, 186 pp.

Didmanidze, E.A. (1978) Moths (Lepidoptera, Heterocera) of arid landscapes of Georgia. Tbilisi, Metzniereba. 318 p.

Didmanidze, E.A. (1980) Materials on Macrolepidoptera of Tusheti. Moambe – Bulletin of the Georgian National Museum, 30-A, 126–167.

Didmanidze, E.A. (2005) On some endemic, relic and other rare species of butterflies of Georgia. Catalogue. Tbilisi, 88 pp.

Didmanidze, E.A., Skhirtladze, I.A., Ninua, N.Sh., Gurgenidze, L.N. & Chkhikvadze, V.M. (2002) On some endemic, rare and disappearing species of a fauna of Georgia: new checkpoints to solve a problem. Tbilisi, 65 pp.

Dinerstein, E., Olson, D., Joshi, A., Vynne, C., Burgess, N.D., Wikramanayake, E., Hahn, N., Palminteri, S., Hedao, P., Noss, R., Hansen, M., Locke, H., Ellis, E.C., Jones, B., Barber, C.V., Hayes, R., Kormos, C., Martin, V., Crist, E., Sechrest, W., Price, L., Baillie, J.E.M., Weeden, D., Suckling, K., Davis, C., Sizer, N., Moore, R., Thau, D., Birch, T., Potapov, P., Turubanova, S., Tyukavina, A., De Souza, N., Pintea, L., Brito, J.C., Llewellyn, O.A., Miller, A.G., Patzelt, A., Ghazanfar, S.A., Timberlake, J., Klöser, H., Shennan-Farpón, Y., Kindt, R., Barnekow Lillesø, J.-P., Van Breugel, P., Graudal, L., Voge, M., Al-Shammari, K.F. & Saleem, M. (2017) An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm. BioScience, 1 (6), 1– 12. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/bix014

Donzel, M.H. (1842) Description de deux lépidoptères nouveaux recueillis en Barbarie par le capitaine Charlon. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 11, 197–199.

Foghel, E. & Cosciug, A. (2023) Roxelane, figure historique et personnage littéraire. Philologica Jassyensia, 19 (2) (38), 167–180. https://www.doi.org/ 10.60133/PJ.2023.2.13

Gmelin, J.F. (1790) s.n. Caroli a Linné, systema naturae, 1 (5), 2225–3020.

Hamilton, C.A., St Laurent, R.A., Dexter, K., Kitching, I.J., Breinholt, J.W., Zwick A., Timmermans, M.J.T.N., Barber, J.R. & Kawahara, A.Y. (2019) Phylogenomics resolves major relationships and reveals significant diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and relatives. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 19, 182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1505-1

Hampson, G. (1918) Small families of Lepidoptera not included in the key to the families in the Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalaenae, a list of the families and subfamilies of Lepidoptera, with their types, and key to the families. Novitates zoologicae, 25, 366–394.

Hardwick, D.F. (1950) Preparation of slide mounts of lepidopterous genitalia. Canadian Entomologist, 82 (11), 231–235. https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent82231-11

Hebert, P.D.N., Cywinska, A., Ball, S.L. & deWaard, J.R. (2003) Biological identifications through DNA barcodes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 270 (1512), 313–321.

https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2218

Herrich-Schäffer, G.A.W. (1846 –1855) Systematische Bearbeitung der Schmetterlinge von Europa: zugleich als Text, Revision und Supplement zu Jakob Hübner’s Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge. Zweiter Band. Die Schwärmer, Spinner und Eulen. In Comission bei G. J.Manz, Regensburg, 450 pp.

Hübner, J. (1816 –1826) Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge. Bey dem Verfasser zu Finden, Augsburg, 431 pp.

Kemal, M. & Koçak, A.Ö. (2016) On the fauna of Macro-Heterocera of Bahçesaray district, with some eco-faunistical notes (Van Province, East Turkey) (Lepidoptera). Priamus, 14 (3), 121–160.

Kitching, I.J., Rougerie, R., Zwick, A., Hamilton, C.A., St Laurent, R.A., Naumann, S., Ballesteros Mejia, L. & Kawahara, A.Y. (2018) A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). Biodiversity Data Journal, 6, e22236. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.6.e22236

Knyazev, S.A. (2020) Catalogue of Lepidoptera of Omsk Oblast (Russia). Macrolepidoptera. Families: Hepialidae, Brachodidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, Limacodidae, Zygaenidae, Thyrididae, Drepanidae, Uraniidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Endromididae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Syntomidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, Noctuidae, Hesperiidae, Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Satyridae. Acta Biologica Sibirica, 6, 139–226. https://doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e53005

Knyazev, S.A., Ponomaryev, K.B., Teploukhov, V.Yu., Kholodov, O.N., Naranik, V.V. (2010) Macroheterocera (excluding Geometridae and Noctuidae) (Insecta, Lepidoptera) of Omsk province, Russia. Altai Zoological Journal, 4, 33–51.

Kolenati, F. (1846) Meletemata Entomologica. Fascicule V. Insecta caucasi. Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Mutillidae, Aphaniptera, Anoplura. Typis Imperialis Academiae Scientarum, Petropoli. 169 pp.

Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, Ch. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096

Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna svecica. Sistens animalia sveciae regni: mammalia, aves, amphibia, pisces, insecta, vermes, distributa per classes et ordines, genera et species, cum differentiis specierum, synonymis auctorum, nominibus incolarum, locis natalium, descriptionibus insectorum. Sumtu & Literis Direct, Stockholm, 578 pp.

Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systema Naturae. Tom. I. Pars II. Editio Duodecima Reformata. Impensis Direct. Laur. Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 533–1328.

Marten, W. (1955) Über Lemonia philopalus Donz. Entomologische Zeitschrift, 65, 193–199.

Oberthür, Ch. (1890) Lépidoptères d’Algerie. Études d’entomologie. Faunes entomologiques. Descriptions d’insectes nouveaux ou peu connus, 13, 17–34.

Oberthür, Ch. (1916) Faune des Lépidoptères de Barbarie (Partie II). Études de lépidoptérologie comparée, XII (2), 179–371. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8792

Parenzan, P. & Porcelli, F. (2006) I macrolepidotteri italiani. Phytophaga, XV, 1–1051.

Peirce, L.P. (1993) The imperial harem: Women and sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press, New York – Oxford, 374 pp.

https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195076738.001.0001

Peirce, L.P. (2017) Empress of the east: How a European slave girl became queen of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books, New York, 368 pp.

Pinzari, M., Pinzari, M. & Zilli A. (2010) Deep lepidopterological exploration of Mt Cagno and surroundings (Central Italy), a restricted mountain massif and hotspot for butterfly and moth diversity (Lepidoptera). Bollettino dell’Associazione Romana di Entomologia, 65 (1–4), 3–383.

Prozorov, A.M., Prozorova, T.A., Volkova, J.S., Yakovlev, R.V., Nedoshivina, S.V., Pinzari, M., Pinzari, M., Scalercio, S., Bianco, G., Saldaitis, A., Hausmann, A., Revay, E. & Müller, G.C. (2022 a) Revision of the Lemonia taraxaci complex, with a description of a new species from Italy and clarification of the status of Lemonia strigata (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Zootaxa, 5195 (4), 337–360. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.4.2

Prozorov, A.M., Prozorova, T.A., Volkova, J.S., Yakovlev, R.V., Saldaitis, A., Ortiz, A.S., Bianco, G., Schneider, T., Revay, E. & Müller, G.C. (2022 b) Description of a new Middle Eastern Lemonia species, comments on the Lemonia philopalus complex and Lemonia syriensis (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae: Lemoniinae). Ecologica Montenegrina, 57, 77–97.

https://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2022.57.8

Püngeler, R. (1902) Neue Macrolepidopteren aus Palaestina. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” 15, 143–146.

Püngeler, R. (1914) Neue palaearktische Macrolepidopteren. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” 28, 37–55.

Rajaei, H., Aarvik, L., Arnscheid, W.R., Baldizzone, G., Bartsch, D., Bengtsson, B.Å., Bidzilya, O., Buchner, P., Buchsbaum, U., Buszko, J., Dubatolov, V.V., Erlacher, S., Esfandiari, M., de Freina, J.J., Gaedike, R., Gyulai, P., Hausmann, A., Haxaire, J., Hobern, D., Hofmann, A., Ignatev, N., Kaila, L., Kallies, A., Keil, T., Kiss, Á., Kitching, I.J., Kun, A., László, G.M., Leraut, G., Mally, R., Matov, A., Meineke, J.-U., Melichar, T., Mey, W., Mironov, V., Müller, B., Naderi, A., Nässig, W.A., Naumann, S., Nazari, V., van Nieukerken, E.J., Nuss, M., Pöll, N., Prozorov, A.M., Rabieh, M.M., Rákosy, L., Rindoš, M., Rota, J., Rougerie, R., Schintlmeister, A., Shirvani, A., Sihvonen, P., Simonsen, T.J., Sinev, S.Yu., Skou, P., Sobczyk, T., Sohn, J.-C., Tabell, J., Tarmann, G., Tokár, Z., Trusch, R., Varga, Z., Volynkin, A.V., Wanke, D., Yakovlev, R.V., Zahiri, R., Zehzad, P., Zeller, H. C., Zolotuhin, V.V. & Karsholt, O. (2023). Chapter 7. Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Iran. Integrative Systematics, 6, 121–459.

https://doi.org/10.18476/2023.997558.7

Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D. (2007) BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcodinglife.org). Molecular Ecology Notes, 7 (3), 355–364.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x

Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D. (2013) A DNA-Based Registry for All Animal Species: The Barcode Index Number (BIN) System. PLoS ONE, 8 (8), e66213.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0066213

Rebel, H. (1910) Fr. Berge’s Schmetterlingsbuch nach dem gegenwärtigen Stande der Lepidopterologie neu bearbeitet und herausgegeben von Professor Dr. H. Rebel in Wien. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 509 pp.

Regier, J.C., Mitter, C., Zwick, A., Bazinet, A.L., Cummings, M.P., Kawahara, A.Y., Sohn, J.-C., Zwickl, D.J., Cho, S., Davis, D.R., Baixeras, J., Brown, J., Parr, C., Weller, S., Lees, D.C. & Mitter, K.T. (2013) A Large-Scale, Higher-Level, Molecular Phylogenetic Study of the Insect Order Lepidoptera (Moths and Butterflies). PLoS ONE, 8 (3), e58568.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058568

Regier, J.C., Zwick, A., Cummings, M.P., Kawahara, A.Y., Cho, S., Weller, S., Roe, A., Baixeras, J., Brown, J.W., Parr, C., Davis, D.R., Epstein, M., Hallwachs, W., Hausmann, A., Janzen, D.H., Kitching, I.J., Solis, M.A., Yen, S.-H., Bazinet, A.L. & Mitter, C. (2009) Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 9, 280. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-9-280

Rennwald, E. (2024) Lemonia italiana Prozorov, Prozorova, Volkova, Yakovlev, Nedoshivina, Pinzari, Pinzari, Scalercio, Bianco, Saldaitis, Hausmann, Revay & Müller, 2022. Available from: https://lepiforum.org/wiki/page/Lemonia_italiana (accessed 8 August 2024)

Romanoff, N.M. (1885) Les Lépidoptères de la Transcaucasie. Deuxième partie. In: Romanoff, N.M. (Ed.), Mémoires sur les Lépidoptères. Tome 2. Impremerie de M. M. Stassuléwitch, St- Petersburg, 262 pp.

Rothschild, F.R.S. (1923) Moths of Mesopotamia and N. W. Persia. Part I. Noctuidae, Lemoniidae and Pyralidae. The journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 28 (1–2), 170–183.

Rothschild, W. (1909) Description of a new Lemonia. The Annals and magazine of natural history, including zoology, botany, and geology, Series 8, 3 (13), 7.

Rougeot, P.-C. (1971) Les Bombycoïdes (Lepidoptera-Bombycoïdea) de l’Europe et du Bassin Méditerranéen 5. Tome I. Lemoniidae, Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Attacidae, Endromididae. Masson et Cie Editeurs, Paris, 159 pр.

Scalercio, S. & Greco, S. (2018) Heterocera fauna of the Calabrian black pine forest, Sila Massif (Italy) (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 46 (183), 455–472.

Shchetkin, Yu.L. (1993) Lepidoptera. In: Azimov, D.A. (Ed.), Insects of Uzbekistan. Fan, Tashkent, pp. 129–205.

Stauder, H. (1913) Weitere Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Makrolepidopterenfauna der adriatischen Küstengebiete. Bollettino della Società Adriatica di Scienze Naturali in Trieste, 27 (1), 105– 166.

Staudinger, O. (1887) Centralasiatische Lepidopteren. Entomologische Zeitung herausgegeben von dem entomologischen Vereine zu Stettin, 48 (1–3), 49–102.

Staudinger, O. (1895) Neue Lepidopteren-Arten und Varietäten aus dem paläarctishen Faunengebiet. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” 7, 241–296.

Stekolnikov, A.A. & Zolotuhin, V.V. (2002) Phylogenetic relations and systematic position of the family Lemoniidae (Lepidoptera) with reference to the structure of the skeleton and muscles of male genitalia. Entomological Review, 81 (3), 693–701.

Stephan, J. (1924) Die spinnerartigen Nachtschmetterlinge der Grafschaft Glatz. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift “Iris,” 38, 186–219.

Streltzov, A.N., Malikova, E.I. & Tshistjakov, Yu.A. (1997) First record of the family Lemoniidae (Lepidoptera) from the Russia Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist, 51, 8–9.

Streltzov, A.N., Ustjuzhanin, P.Ya., Morozov, P.S., Naydenov, A.E., Spitsyn, V.M. & Yakovlev, R.V. (2022) Lepidoptera of South Ossetia (Northern Transcaucasia). Part II. Cossidae, Limacodidae, Erebidae (Lymantriinae, Arctiinae, Syntominae, Notodontinae), Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Drepanidae and Cimeliidae. Acta Biologica Sibirica, 8, 647–654.

https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.v8.e40

Šumpich, J. & Jagelka, M. (2021) Lemonia batavorum sp. nov. from the Netherlands, an overlooked sibling of L. dumi (Lepidoptera: Brahmaeidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 61 (2), 483–494. https://doi.org/10.37520/aemnp.2021.026

Swinhoe, C. (1892) Catalogue of Eastern and Australian Lepidoptera Heterocera in the collection of the Oxford University Museum. Part I. Sphinges and Bombyces. At the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 324 pp.

Ustjuzhanin, P.Ya., Teimurov, A.A., Anikin, V.V., Matov, A.Yu., Naydenov, A.E., Streltsov, A.N. & Yakovlev, R.V. (2022) Materials on the Lepidoptera fauna of the Dagestan Republic (Northeastern Caucasus, Russia): autumn aspect (Insecta: Lepidoptera). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 50 (198), 213–228. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.125

Wagner, F. (1931) Neue Heteroceren aus Kleinasien. Internationale Entomologische Zeitschrift, 25, 367–371.

Wang, L.-Y. (1998) A new record in China – Lemoniidae. Entomological knowledge, 35 (2), 105–106.

Wiltshire, E.P. (1946) Middle East Lepidoptera – V. A new genus, a new species, and two new races from Iran, with taxonomic notes on other Persian Heterocera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society London, 15, 118–128.

Wiltshire, E.P. (1952) Middle-East Lepidoptera, X. More new species and forms from Persia (Iran) and Syria. Bulletin de la Société Fouad 1er d’Entomologie, 36, 187–211.

Wiltshire, E.P. (1961) Middle East Lepidoptera, XV. Ergebnisse der Deutschen Afghanistan-Expedition 1956 der Landessammlungen für Naturkunde Karlsruhe. A second contribution to the Lepidoptera of Afghanistan. Beiträge zur naturkundlichen Forschung in Südwestdeutschland, 19 (3), 337–371.

Witt, Th.J. (1979) Lemonia pia friedeli n. ssp. (Lepidoptera, Lemoniidae) Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Österreichischer Entomologen, 31 (1/ 2), 17–20.

Wnukowsky, W.W. (1926) To the fauna of Lepidoptera of Omsk environs. Materials to the fauna of Lepidoptera of western and middle Siberia and adjacent western regions of Kirgizian Krai. Proceedings of the Tomsk State University, 77 (2), 18–21.

Wnukowsky, W.W. (1934) Neue palaearktische Lepidopteren-Rassen. Entomologische Anzeiger, 14, 111–112.

Yermolenko, G.I. (2010) Roxolana in European literature, history and culture. Ashgate Publishing, Farnham – Burlington, 334 pp.

Zolotuhin, V.V. (1994) The Lemoniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Caucasus. Zoologicheskij Zhurnal, 73 (2), 94–101.

Zolotuhin, V.V. (2019) Brahmaeidae. In: Sinev, S.Yu. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. Second edition. Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, 448 pp.

Zolotuhin, V.V. (2024) Brahmaeidae. In: Sinev, S.Yu. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia (online version). Ver. 2.4. Available from: https://www.zin.ru/publications/books/Lepidoptera_Russia/ (accessed 7 August 2024)

Zolotuhin, V.V., Didmanidze, E.A. & Petrov, V.A. (2017) A List of Bombycidae, Endromididae, Saturniidae, Lemoniidae and Brahmaeidae of Georgia and neighbouring countries (Lepidoptera). Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 67, 63–72.

Zucco, G., La Cava, S., Rijllo, G., Rizzo, P. & Scalercio, S. (2024) Indagine sulla fauna dei macrolepidotteri notturni dell’area faunistica dei rapaci di Acquaformosa (Calabria, Italia meridionale) (Lepidoptera). Bollettino della Società entomologica italiana, 156 (1), 7–13.

Zwick, A. (2008) Molecular phylogeny of Anthelidae and other bombycoid taxa (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea). Systematic Entomology, 33, 190–209.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00410.x

Zwick, A., Regier, J.C., Mitter, C. & Cummings, M.P. (2011) Increased gene sampling yields robust support for higher-level clades within Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera). Systematic Entomology, 36, 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00543.x

Figures

Figures 1–8. Adult males of Lemonia spp. 1–6. L. huerrem sp. n., Turkey (CGM) 1. HT, Bitlis Province, Başor- Tal, GS 14524. 2–5. PT, Bitlis Province, Başor-Tal, GS 2023 0614. 6. PT, Hakkâri Province, 7 km NNE Uludere, GS 2023 0616. 7. L. tamara, HT, Iran, Zanjan Province (CMS). 8. L. ponticus, HT of L. ballioni var. ponticus, Armenia (SNHM). Scale bar – 1 cm.

Figures 15–20. Male genitalia of Lemonia spp. 15–17. L. huerrem sp. n., Turkey (CGM) 15. HT, Bitlis Province, Başor-Tal, GS 14524. 16. PT, Hakkâri Province, 7 km NNE Uludere, GS 2023 0616. 17. PT, Bitlis Province, Başor-Tal, GS 2023 0614. 18. L. tamara, HT, Iran, Zanjan Province (CMS). 19–21. L. ponticus, Turkey (all in CGM). 19. Elazig Province, Lake Hazar, GS 2023 0615. 20. Nevşehir Province, near Göreme, GS 2023 0617. Scale bar (except for Fig. 18) – 1 mm.

Figures 21–22. Map of collecting localities of barcoded specimens (21) and phylogenetic tree based on them (Maximum Likelihood, Tamura 3-parameter) with p-distances computed in MEGA X (22). Numbers of barcoded specimens correspond with the ones in the Table 1.