Pristimantis fouqueti, Mônico & Courtois & Koch & Dewynter & Kok, 2025

Mônico, Alexander Tamanini, Courtois, Elodie A., Koch, Esteban Diego, Dewynter, Michel Blanc Maël & Kok, Philippe J. R., 2025, Two new Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) of the P. lacrimosus species group from the eastern Guiana Shield lowlands, European Journal of Taxonomy 1004, pp. 259-293 : 273-281

Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:09E34CA5-ACE6-464D-9874-13C82410A7AB

Figs 7–10

Eleutherodactylus zimmermanae – Heyer & Hardy 1991: 442.

Pristimantis sp. 3 – Lescure & Marty 2000: 220–221. — Lescure et al. 2022: 7.

Pristimantis zimmermanae – Taucce et al. 2022: 103.

Pristimantis cf. zimmermanae – Fouquet et al. 2019a: 467 ; 2024: 480. — Vacher et al. 2020: table s1.

Diagnosis

The assignment of the new species to the Pristimantis lacrimosus species group is based on molecular phylogeny ( Fig. 1 ) and the presence of hyperdistal subarticular tubercles (see Ron et al. 2020). Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) skin on dorsum shagreen with scattered tubercles, gular region smooth, belly areolate with enlarged tubercles; discoidal fold absent; dorsolateral folds absent; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus present, round, 27–34% of eye diameter; (3) snout moderate in length, acuminate in dorsal view, protruding in lateral view; loreal region concave; (4) three to five small upper eyelid tubercles; interorbital region flat, broader than upper eyelid; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers absent; (6) males with vocal slits, nuptial pads absent, vocal sac medium to large; (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; discs of digits rounded, broader on Finger IV; (8) fingers lacking lateral fringes; thenar tubercle barely visible, palmar tubercle heart shaped, two times the size of thenar; hyperdistal subarticular tubercles present; (9) three ulnar tubercles, discrete and rounded; (10) heel shagreen lacking tubercles; four to five tarsal tubercles, elliptical, aligned; inner tarsal fold absent; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid and small, two times the size of round outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles present, but poorly visible; (12) toes lacking lateral fringes; basal toe webbing absent; Toe V longer than Toe III; hyperdistal subarticular tubercles present; all discs expanded, truncate; (13) in life, dorsal surfaces of body and limbs yellowish to greenish brown, with a distinct but diffuse dark brown interorbital line posterior to a light brown triangle on snout; canthal stripe and supratympanic fold dark brown; two large dark brown scapular tubercles on each side of the dorsum, large reddish brown patch usually present on the middle of the back; flanks paler than dorsum and translucent; gular region yellow with brown melanophores; belly cream, translucent with whitish tubercles; iris light copper brown, with an ill-defined horizontal dark reddish intraocular streak; (14) SVL 18.9–19.8 mm (n = 4) in males, and 25.6 mm in female (n = 1); and (15) advertisement call consisting of a single note with a duration of 73–115 ms, silence between calls of 520–848 ms and a dominant frequency at 4.031 –4.307 Hz.

Etymology

The specific epithet ‘ fouqueti ’ is a noun in the genitive case, honoring our friend and colleague Antoine Fouquet for his invaluable contribution to the amphibian systematics in the Guiana Shield in general and in French Guiana in particular.

Type material

Holotype

FRENCH GUIANA • adult ♂, SVL 18.9 mm; Régina municipality, Kaw Mountain, collected at Patawa camp; 4°32′48″ N, 52°09′06″ W; 233 m a.s.l.; datum WGS-84; 14 Mar. 2012; A. Fouquet, E.A. Courtois and P. Gaucher leg.; MNHN-RA-2023.0003 (field no. PG705).

Paratypes

BRAZIL – Amapá State • 1 adult ♂; Oiapoque municipality; 3°52′45″ N, 51°46′15″ W; 40 m a.s.l.; 13 Dec. 2012; A. Fouquet leg.; MZUSP 160343 (field no. MTR24136) .

FRENCH GUIANA – Régina municipality • 1 adult ♀; Nouragues ( Inselberg Camp ); 4°05′43″ N, 52°40′43″ W; 330 m a.s.l.; datum WGS-84; 10 May 2007; A. Fouquet leg.; MNHN-RA-2023.0002 (field no. AF264) • 1 adult ♂; same locality as for holotype; A. Fouquet, E.A. Courtois and P. Gaucher leg.; MNHN-RA-2023.0004 (field no. PG706) . – Mana municipality • 1 adult ♂; Trinité (near Aya Camp ); 4°36′09″ N, 53°24′51″ W; 120 m a.s.l.; 1 May 2013; A. Fouquet and E.A. Courtois leg.; MNHN- RA-2023.0005 (field no. AF1189)

Referred material

FRENCH GUIANA • 1 adult ♂; Camp Saut Richard , Saül; 3°28′25.1″ N 53°12′30.8″ W; 5 Mar. 2019; Antoine Fouquet; (field no. AF AF5394) (this specimen was used only for molecular data) • 1 juv.; Atachi Bakka ; 3°32′48″ N, 53°54′46″ W; 4 Feb. 2015; Benoit Villette and Jean-Pierre Vacher leg.; (field no. AF2607). (Specimen without repository number. Original specimen used to molecular analysis, only pictures remaining for reference) .

Description of the holotype (MNHN-RA-2023.0003, field no. PG705; Figs 7 , 8A , 9A )

Adult male, 18.9 mm SVL; head wider than body, 25.9% of SVL; head wider than long; head width 36.0% of SVL; snout acuminate in dorsal view, protruding in lateral view; loreal region concave; eye large, 49.0% of head length, its diameter 1.14 times its distance from the nostril; nostrils protuberant, situated close to snout; canthus rostralis concave in dorsal view, slightly rounded in profile; loreal area concave; lips rounded; dorsal surface of head smooth and upper eyelids with minute tubercles; upper eyelid width smaller than interorbital distance; tympanic annulus present, rounded, tympanic membrane present but undifferentiated; postrictal ridges or tubercles absent; choanae round, small; dentigerous processes of vomers absent.

Skin on dorsum shagreen with scattered tubercles; two large scapular tubercles on each side of the dorsum; no dorsolateral folds; flanks smooth; gular region smooth; belly areolate with scattered tubercles; discoidal folds absent. Three ulnar tubercles, discrete and rounded; palmar tubercle heart-shaped, two times the size of a barely visible thenar tubercle; discrete supernumerary palmar tubercles present; subarticular tubercles prominent, ovoid in ventral view, rounded in lateral view; hyperdistal subarticular tubercles present; fingers lacking lateral fringes; fingers length when adpressed, 3>4>2>1; discs of digits expanded, rounded, broader on Finger IV, pads with defined circumferential grooves. Tibia length 49.2% of SVL; foot length 41.3% of SVL; upper and posterior surfaces of hindlimbs shagreen; heel lacking tubercles; tarsus with four tubercles, elliptical, aligned; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, and small, two times the size of rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles present but poorly visible; subarticular tubercles rounded; hyperdistal subarticular tubercles present; toes lacking lateral fringes; basal toe webbing absent; discs of toes expanded, truncate; toes ventral pads poorly defined by circumferential grooves; toe lengths, when adpressed, 4>5> 3> 2>1. All morphometric measurements are provided in Table 2.

COLOR OF HOLOTYPE. In life, dorsal background color greenish brown; distinct but diffuse dark brown interorbital line posterior to a light brown triangle on snout; large reddish brown patch on the middle of the back; canthal stripe and supratympanic fold dark brown; scapular tubercles dark brown; posterior flanks greenish and translucent; gular region yellow with small brown melanophores; belly cream, translucent with whitish tubercles; ventral surfaces of forearms and hindlimbs pale yellow with brown melanophores; distinct dark brown spot on the ventral surface of right knee; iris light copper brown, with fine, dense, dark brown reticulation, an ill-defined dark reddish intraocular streak is continuous with the dark brown canthal stripe. After twelve years in preservative (ethanol 70%), the dorsal background color became brownish cream with a darker brown interorbital region, dark brown scapular tubercles, and dark brown canthal stripe and supratympanic fold; venter cream and translucent; ventral surface of limbs with small melanophores, denser under hands and feet; distinct dark brown spot under the right knee.

Intraspecific variation

The color of individuals changes depending on light or temperature conditions, varying from yellow during the night to brown during the day ( Fig. 8 ). The color pattern varied between individuals, some had a very distinct reddish-brown spot on the back ( Fig. 8A, C ), but the dorsal coloration could be more uniform as in the holotype ( Fig. 8A ) or marked by brown spots bordering dorsal tubercles ( Fig. 8B ). The ventral color varies from cream yellow in individuals active at night to light brown during daytime ( Fig. 9 ) the same can be observed in the condition of the white tubercles on the belly, which are more apparent when individuals are active. Although the general dorsal tubercles pattern remains the same, the observed individuals displayed remarkable changes in the size of the tubercles during handling, going from conspicuous tubercles to flat tubercles ( Fig. 8 ). The female ( AF 0264) coloration was recorded only during the day, being dark uniform brown on the dorsum and light brown on the venter. A juvenile ( AF 2607) had a strikingly different coloration than the adults, the dorsum and limbs were greenish yellow, with patches of light to dark brown, the interorbital line and the dark brown scapular tubercles separated by a paler area were present, hands and feet were cream with brown markings and the venter was whitish translucent, with the characteristic white tubercles of the species.

Advertisement call

Males of Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. produce long series of short, high-pitched, whistled calls ( Fig. 10 ). The advertisement call (n = 3 males) is composed of a single tonal note (n = 60 calls) with a duration of 90±10 ms (73–115 ms) and silence between calls of 669±90 ms (520–848 ms). Calls are emitted with a minimum frequency of 3.870±93 Hz (3.770 –3.991 Hz), a maximum frequency of 4.293±77 Hz (4.198 – 4.417 Hz) and a dominant frequency of 4.138±91 Hz (4.031 –4.307 Hz). Males have been observed calling both in choruses and individually, at a rate of 78 ±6 (72–84) calls per minute, and call intensity increasing on rainy nights. Temporal and spectral traits are summarized for to each analyzed individual in Table 4.

Differential diagnosis

Morphology

Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. is distinguished by a smaller SVL (18.9–19.8 mm) in males from those of the following close relatives: P. acuminatus (20.91–24.01 mm; Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015), P. aureolineatus (19.7–28.8 mm; Guayasamin et al. 2007), P. calima (24.0 mm; Ospina-Sarria & Duellman 2019), P. degener (22.2 mm; Lynch & Duellman 1997), P. ecuadorensis (25.4 mm; Guayasamin et al. 2017), P. jorgevelosai (24.3–29.8 mm; Lynch 1994), P. kalamandeenae (22.1 mm; Means et al. 2023), P. latericius (22.2–25.1 mm; Duellman & Lehr 2009), P. loeslein (20.5–23.3 mm; Castillo-Urbina et al. 2023), P. mendax (19.4–21.7 mm; Duellman 1978), P. mindo (2.49–27.4 mm; Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013), P. nankints (19.6 mm; Ron et al. 2020), P. nyctophylax (21.9–31.4 mm; Lynch 1976), P. ornatissimus (19.5–25.0 mm; Lynch 1970), P. padiali (26.5 mm; Moravec et al. 2010), P. pardalinus (21.1–26.7 mm; Lehr et al. 2006), P. pluvialis (21.8–26.9 mm; Shepack et al. 2016), P. pulchridormientes (19.1–21.9 mm; Chávez & Catenazzi 2016), P. rhodostichus (19.3 mm; Duellman & Pramuk, 1999), P. romeroae (23.8 mm; Ron et al. 2020), P. royi (20.1 mm; Morales 2007), P. schultei (23.5–26.6 mm; Duellman 1990), P. subsigillatus (19.3–28.5 mm; Lynch 1980b), P. tantanti (19.6–21.9 mm; Lehr et al. 2007), P. waoranii (19.7–21.2 mm; McCracken et al. 2009), P. zimmermanae (19.1–21.2 mm; Heyer & Hardy, 1991) and P. zorro (19.5–21.5 mm; Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020); and a larger SVL in males than those of P. amaguanae (16.3 mm; Ron et al. 2020) and P. pseudoacuminatus (12.7–17.6 mm; Duellman & Lehr 2009).

The new species is distinguished by the presence of a tympanic annulus vs absent in P. acuminatus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. limoncochensis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. moro ( Savage 2002) and P. tantanti ( Lehr et al. 2007) ; by the presence of vocal slits in males vs absent in P. amaguanae ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. enigmaticus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. kalamandeenae ( Means et al. 2023) , P. limoncochensis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. omeviridis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. padiali ( Moravec et al. 2010) and P. tantanti ( Lehr et al. 2007) ; by the absence of nuptial pads vs presence in P. acuminatus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. aureolineatus ( Guayasamin et al. 2006) , P. calima ( Ospina-Sarria & Duellman 2019) , P. crucifer ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. eremitus ( Lynch 1980a) , P. galdi ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. jorgevelosai ( Lynch 1994) , P. lacrimosus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. latericius ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. loeslein (Castillo-Urbina et al. 2013) , P. pardalinus ( Lehr et al. 2006) , P. romeroae ( Ron et al. 2020) and P. waoranii ( McCracken et al. 2007) ; by the absence of discoidal folds vs presence in P. acuminatus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. aureolineatus ( Guayasamin et al. 2006) , P. calima ( Ospina-Sarria & Duellman 2019) , P. crucifer ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. galdi ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. latericius ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. limoncochensis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. loeslein ( Castillo-Urbina et al. 2023) , P. nyctophylax ( Lynch 1976) , P. olivaceus ( Köhler et al. 1998) , P. omeviridis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. ornatissimus ( Lynch 1970) , P. padiali ( Moravec et al. 2010) , P. petersi ( Lynch & Duellman 1980) , P. petersioides ( Carrión-Olmedo & Ron 2021) , P. pseudoacuminatus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. rhodostichus ( Duellman & Pramuk 1999) , P. royi ( Morales 2007) and P. waoranii (McCracken et al. 2009) ; and by the absence of dentigerous processes of vomers vs presence in P. acuminatus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. aureolineatus ( Guayasamin et al. 2006) , P. calima ( Ospina-Sarria & Duellman 2019) , P. bromeliaceus ( Lynch 1979) , P. crucifer ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. degener ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. enigmaticus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. eremitus ( Lynch 1980a) , P. flavus sp. nov. (this study), P. galdi ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. jorgevelosai ( Lynch 1994) , P. kalamandeenae ( Means et al. 2023) , P. lacrimosus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. latericius ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. limoncochensis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. loeslein (Castillo-Urbina et al. 2013) , P. mindo ( Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013) , P. moro ( Savage 2002) , P. nankints ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. nyctophylax ( Lynch 1976) , P. omeviridis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. ornatissimus ( Lynch 1970) , P. padiali ( Moravec et al. 2010) , P. pardalinus ( Lehr et al. 2006) , P. petersi ( Lynch & Duellman 1980) , P. petersioides ( Carrión-Olmedo & Ron 2021) , P. pluvialis ( Shepack et al. 2016) , P. pseudoacuminatus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. rhodostichus ( Duellman & Pramuk 1999) , P. romeroae ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. royi ( Morales 2007) , P. schultei ( Duellman 1990) , P. subsigillatus ( Lynch 1980b) , P. tantanti ( Lehr et al. 2007) , P. waoranii (McCracken et al. 2009) and P. zorro ( Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020) .

Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. is further distinguished by its unique combination of body tubercles, i.e., the presence of upper eyelid tubercles vs absence in P. acuminatus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. aureolineatus (Guayasamin et al. 2007) , P. degener ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. enigmaticus ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. kalamandeenae ( Means et al. 2023) , P. lacrimosus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. limoncochensis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. moro ( Savage 2002) , P. nankints ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. omeviridis ( Ortega-Andrade et al. 2015) , P. ornatissimus ( Lynch 1970) , P. padiali ( Moravec et al. 2010) , P. pulchridormientes ( Chávez & Catenazzi 2016) , P. schultei ( Duellman 1990) , P. subsigillatus ( Lynch 1980b) , P. tantanti ( Lehr et al. 2007) , P. waoranii (McCracken et al. 2009) and P. zorro ( Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020) ; the presence of ulnar tubercles vs absence in from P. bromeliaceus ( Lynch 1979) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. lacrimosus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. ornatissimus ( Lynch 1970) , P. petersi ( Lynch & Duellman 1980) , P. pseudoacuminatus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. pulchridormientes ( Chávez & Catenazzi 2016) , P. romeroae ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. royi ( Morales 2007) , P. subsigillatus ( Lynch 1980b) and P. zorro ( Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020) ; and the presence of tarsal tubercles vs absence in P. amaguanae ( Ron et al. 2020) , P. degener ( Lynch & Duellman 1997) , P. ecuadorensis ( Guayasamin et al. 2017) , P. galdi ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. lacrimosus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. mendax ( Duellman 1978) , P. mindo ( Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013) , P. ornatissimus ( Lynch 1970) , P. pluvialis ( Shepack et al. 2016) , P. pseudoacuminatus ( Duellman & Lehr 2009) , P. pulchridormientes ( Chávez & Catenazzi 2016) , P. waoranii ( McCracken et al. 2007) and P. zorro ( Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020) .

Bioacoustics

The advertisement call of Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. is composed of a single note and thus differs from that of all species with multiple-note calls such as P. eremitus (2–9 notes; Hutter et al. 2016), P. flavus sp. nov. (1–4 notes; this study), P. galdi (7–9 notes; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2023) and P. pulchridormientes (2–5 notes; Chávez & Catenazzi 2016). The advertisement call of Pristimantis fouqueti is shorter (73–115 ms) compared to those of P. bromeliaceus (140–142 ms), P. lacrimosus (139–167 ms; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2014), P. mindo (approx. 300 ms; Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013), P. petersi (310–490 ms), P. petersioides (110–390 ms; Carrión-Olmedo & Ron 2021), and longer compared to those of P. aureolineatus (15–42 ms; McCracken & Forstner 2006), P. pluvialis (23–58 ms; Shepack et al. 2016), P. royi (24–26 ms; Morales 2007) and P. zimmermanae (approx. 50 ms; Heyer & Hardy 1991).

The advertisement call of Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. is also distinguished by a higher dominant frequency (4.031 –4.307 Hz) from P. flavus sp. nov. (2.799 –3.187 Hz; this study), P. galdi (2.190 – 2.580 Hz; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2023), P. lacrimosus (3.050 –3.100 Hz; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2014), P. loeslein (2.744 –3.021 Hz; Castillo-Urbina et al. 2023), P. mindo (2.698 –2.919 Hz; Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013), P. pluvialis (2.312 –2.756 Hz; Shepack et al. 2016), P. pulchridormientes (2.531 – 3.094 Hz; Chávez & Catenazzi 2016), P. royi (3.270 –3.360 Hz; Morales 2007), P. subsigillatus (1.961 – 2.033 Hz; Arteaga-Navarro et al. 2013) and P. zorro (2.842 –3.186 Hz; Rivera-Correa & Daza 2020); and by a higher call rate (72–84 calls/minutes) from P. aureolineatus (17–40 calls/min; McCracken & Forstner 2006), P. bromeliaceus (9–34 calls/min; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2014), P. flavus (38– 46 calls/min; this study), P. lacrimosus (4–9 calls/min), P. latericius (8–30 calls/min; Batallas-Revelo & Brito-M 2014), P. petersi (4–9 calls/min), P. petersioides (1–26 calls/min; Carrión-Olmedo & Ron 2021) and P. zimmermanae (62 calls/min; Heyer & Hardy 1991).

Distribution, natural history and conservation

Very little information is available on this species, as it has been rarely observed due to its arboreal habits. However, it has been detected in many localities in French Guiana thanks to its characteristic call (Dewynter et al. 2021). It is a nocturnal species calling in trees and palm trees at heights exceeding 2 m. Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. seems to prefer forest edges such as ‘chablis’ (openings made by fallen trees) or the edges of inselbergs (‘savane-roche’; Fig. 11 ). Some individuals, including the female, were found during the day in bromeliads located 1–2 m above the ground, suggesting that this species could use bromeliads at least as daytime refuges and possibly as breeding sites. This species appears to be distributed throughout French Guiana and is also present in the state of Amapá in Brazil ( Fig. 12 ). Its occurrence in Suriname is likely, but remains unconfirmed.

The species inhabits primary and secondary forests, as well as forest edges. Despite the difficulty in collecting individuals, its populations are locally abundant. Therefore, we suggest the species to be listed as “Least Concern” according to the criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

Figures

Fig. 7. Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov., preserved holotype, ♂ (MNHN-RA-2023.0003, field no. PG705) from Mitaraka, French Guiana. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C. Right hand. D. Left foot. Photographs by Antoine Fouquet.

Fig. 8. Male individuals of Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. in life. A. Holotype (MNHN-RA-2023.0003). B. Paratype (MZUSP 160343). C. Paratype (MNHN-RA-2023.0005). Photographs by Antoine Fouquet.

Fig. 9. Ventral coloration of males of Pristimantis flavus sp. nov. in life. A. Holotype (MNHN- RA-2023.0003). B. Paratype (MZUSP 160343). C. Paratype (MNHN-RA-2023.0005). Photographs by Antoine Fouquet.

Fig. 10. Advertisement call of Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MNHN-RA-2023.0003) recorded at Patawa camp, Kaw Mountain, French Guiana.

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the Pristimantis lacrimosus species group inferred from a concatenated dataset of one mtDNA (16S) and one nuDNA (RAG-1) gene (1165 bp) using Maximum Likelihood. Non-parametric bootstrap supports (IQ-TREE) are provided at nodes. Species names are preceded by specimens voucher numbers. Photos by A. Fouquet (P. flavus sp. nov. and P. fouqueti sp. nov.), A. Shepack (P. pluvialis) and A.T. Mônico (P. zimmermanae).

Fig. 11. Forests in the surroundings of the Inselberg Nouragues – French Guiana, inhabited by Pristimantis fouqueti sp. nov. Photography by Elodie Courtois.

Fig. 12. Geographic distribution of Pristimantis flavus sp. nov. (yellow circles) and P. fouqueti sp. nov. (red circles). Stars indicate the type localities of each species.