Dicyphus errans, (WOLFF, 1804)

Sanchez, Juan Antonio & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2018, Towards solving the taxonomic impasse of the biocontrol plant bug subgenus Dicyphus (Dicyphus) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) using molecular, morphometric and morphological partitions, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, pp. 330-406 : 382-384

DICYPHUS ERRANS ( WOLFF, 1804)

( FIGS 2, 13 B, 23 F, 36)

Gerris errans Wolff, 1804: 161 (original description).

Capsus collaris Fallén, 1807: 103 (original description); Herrich-Schaeffer (1836): 52 (synonymy).

Capsus collaris longicollis Fallén, 1829: 125 (original description; subspecies).

Dicyphus errans : Carvalho, 1958: 196; Schuh, 1995: 490 (catalogue); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 22 (Palaearctic catalogue).

Material examined

Azerbaijan: Between Dzhoni and Tuli : Talysh: Lenkoranskiy uezd: 38.75371ºN 48.84988ºE, 20 m below sea level, 31 Jul 1931, Varshalovich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00341222 ) ( ZISP) .

Bulgaria: Kjustendil: Rila: Rila, silva frond ., 42.12722°N 23.13361°E, 550 m, 6 Aug 1939 12 Aug 1939, Lindberg, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208615 ) ( MZH) . Morava, 43.50833°N 25.14972°E, 154 m, 21 Sep 1943, Stehlik, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206900 ) ( AMNH) ; 21 Sep 1943, Stehlik, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206898 ) ( AMNH) ; 21 May 1944, Stehlik, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206899 ) ( AMNH) ; 12 Sep 1948, Stehlik, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206901 ) ( AMNH) .

Croatia: Split , 43.50666°N 16.44222°E, 13 m, 20 Jul 1954, Hellén, 2♀♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208617 , AMNH _ PBI 00208627 ) ( MZH) . Zagreb, 45.815°N 15.97833°E, 242 m, 30 Sep 1983, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213955 ) ( HNHM) .

Czech Republic: Moravia: Vladislav , 49.21027°N 15.98888°E, 389 m, 27 Aug 1946, Stehlik, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206890 ) ( AMNH) . CSR Morava: Udoli: Chvojnice , 49.14128ºN 16.23650ºE, 320 m, 21 Sep 1943, Stehlik, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206898 ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206900 ) ( AMNH) .

France: Vaucluse : Lafare: Lafare, 44.14638°N 5.05222°E, 166 m, 19 Sep 1965, Carayon, 3 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00209584 - AMNH _ PBI 00209586 ) ( MNHN) .

Greece: Peloponnisos: Road Patras–Pirgou km 9, 38.0728ºN 21.3752ºE, 52 m, ex. Solanum nigrum L ( Solanaceae ), 10 Jun 2007, Sanchez & Cassis, 5♂♂, 5♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000476 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000485 ) ( IMIDA) .

Georgia: Sokhumi (Sukhum): Chernomorskaya Government , 43.00153ºN 41.023415ºE, 8 m, 31 Oct 1927, Zimin, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00210755 ) ( ZISP) . Lagodekhi: Zakatal’skiy okrug: Tiflis Government , 41.81863ºN 46.278131ºE, 434 m, 21 Oct 1896, Mlokosevich, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00210758 ) ( ZISP) ; Lagodekhi: Zakatal’skiy okrug: Tiflis Government , 41.81863ºN 46.278131ºE, 434 m, 21 Oct 1896, Mlokosevich, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00210759 ) ( ZISP) .

G e r m a n y: S a c h s e n: L e i p z i g e r L a n d: L e i p z i p, 51.33944°N 12.37111°E, 110 m, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208616 ) ( MZH) .

Italy: Campania: Positano , 45.41611ºN 7.61667ºE, 37 m, 7 Aug 1925, El. Miram, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00210757 ) ( ZISP) . Piemonte: Torino: Pont Canavese , 45.2458ºN 7.3700ºE, 426 m, ex. Lagenaria sp. , 1 Aug 2006, Sanchez & Pennaroli, 3♂♂, 3♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000387 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000392 ) ; ex. Solanum lycopersicum , 1 Aug 2006, Sanchez & Pennaroli, 2♂♂, 4♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000387 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000392 ) IMIDA. Villarbasse , 45.04500ºN 7.46500ºE, 396 m, ex. Cucurbita maxima , 6 Aug 2006, Sanchez & Pennaroli, 2♂♂, 4♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000387 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000392 ) IMIDA. Parma: Parma , 44.75667ºN 10.23278ºE 105 m, ex. Solanum nigrum , 18 Aug 2008, Sanchez & Pennaroli, 3♂♂, 3♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000393 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000398 ) IMIDA. Liguria: Sanda , 44.36889ºN 8.52833ºE, 230 m, ex. Solanum nigrum , 11 Aug 2008, Sanchez, 3♂♂, 3♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000399 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000404 ) ( IMIDA) .

Netherlands: Zuid-Holland: Leiden , 52.16083°N 4.49000°E, 3 m, 15 Sep 1950, Lindberg, 3 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00208610 , AMNH _ PBI 00208620 , AMNH _ PBI 00208623 ) ( MZH) .

Norway: Aust-Agder: Risor , 58.71638°N 9.23055°E, 52 m, 24 Sep 1913, Warloe, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208622 ) ( MZH) . Buskerud: Drammen , 59.74500°N 10.21333°E, 11 m, 24 Aug 1924, Warloe, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00208626 ) ( MZH) .

Portugal: Porto, Gerez , 41.24888ºN 8.40416ºW, 246 m, 31 May 1959, Lindberg, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208604 ), 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208605 ) ( MZH) .

Romania: Tulcea: Greci , 54.19138°N 28.25055°E, 47 m, 2 Jul 1954, Sienkiewicz, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206773 ) ( AMNH) .

Russia: Samara Prov.: Krasnaya Glinka, 25 km of Samara: 53.38972ºN 50.17286ºE, 76 m, 24 Jul 1896, Lubischev, 1♀, ( AMNH _ PBI 00210756 ) ( ZISP) .

Spain: Cataluña: Barcelona: Montseny , 41.760°N 2.395°E, 510 m, 23 Sep 1989, Silfverberg, 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208563 , AMNH _ PBI 00208612 ) ( MZH) . Teruel: Calamocha , 40.91972ºN 1.30528ºW, 900 m, ex. Solanum lycopersicum , 7 June 2006, Sanchez, 5♂♂, 5♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000365 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000374 ) . Zaragoza: Daroca , 41.108611ºN 1.41417ºW, 797 m, ex. Solanum lycopersicum , 7 June 2006, Sanchez, Martínez & La Spina, 2♂♂, 4♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000455 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000460 ) ( IMIDA) .

Sweden: Kalmar: Oland: Borgholm , 56.87916°N 16.65583°E, 9 m, 5 Sep 1944, Ossiannilsson, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212514 ) ( MZLU) . Stockholm: Bergianska trädgården: Bergianska trädgården, 59.369825ºN 18.046053ºE, 4 Sep 1940, Ossiannilsson, 5 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212507 - AMNH _ PBI 00212511 ) ( MZLU) ; 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206893 ) ( AMNH) ; 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206894 ) ( AMNH) ; 29 Aug 1940, Ossiannilson , ( AMNH _ PBI 00208613 ) ( MZH) , 1 adult sex unknown, ( AMNH _ PBI 00212512 ) , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208619 ) ( MZH) , 1 adult sex unknown, ( AMNH _ PBI 00212512 ) ( MZLU) . Uppsala: Uppsala: Berg. Trýdg , 29 Aug 1940, Ossiannilsson, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208619 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208613 ) ( MZH) . Flottsund, 9 Sep 1961, Ossiannilsson , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212513 ) ( MZLU) .

Switzerland: Solothurn: Lebern : Solothurn, 47.20694°N 7.53305°E, 365 m, Jul 1953, Lindberg, 2♀♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208624 , AMNH _ PBI 00208628 ) ( MZH) . Wallis: Friesch , 46.40305°N 8.13472°E, 1050 m, 13 Jul 1953, Lindberg, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208618 ) ( MZH) .

Ukraine: Crimea: Sevastopol, 44.61027°N 33.62722°E, 188 m, 26 Sep 1910, Pliginskiy, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213954 ) ( HNHM) .

United Kingdom: England: Hertfordshire: Boxhill , S of London, 51.76333°N 0.47°E, 131 m, 21 Jul 1951, Lindberg, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00208611 ) ( MZH) . Boxhill, pr. London , 51.76333°N 0.47°E, 131 m, 2 Oct 1955, Lindberg, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00208621 ) ( MZH) . London: Hampstead Heath , 51.56583°N 0.16055°W, 87 m, 17 Jun 1949, Leston, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206888 ) ( AMNH) . Romsey: Kents Oak: Awbridge , 51.01722°N 1.54555°E, 82 m, 1962, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00204247 ) ( BMNH) . West Sussex.: Broadwater For. , 50.828768ºN 0.374083ºW, 10 m, 26 Jun 1949, Leston, 1♀, ( AMNH _ PBI 00206889 ) ( AMNH) . Shefford , 52.03833°N 0.33277°W, 40 m, 26 Aug 1975, Leston, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206895 ) , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206896 ) , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206897 ) ( AMNH) .

Diagnosis

Dicyphus errans is recognized by the following combination of characters: macropters only; body length 4.58– 5.54 mm in males and 4.40–5.14 mm in females; most often with dark head and pronotum; frons+vertex with X-shaped dark-brown marking bounded by stramineous and orange coloration, occasionally with head and pronotum generally paler ( Fig. 2); AI–AIV mostly dark brown, with AI more reddish brown, occasionally with AII medially light brown; AI long,>2× than interocular distance in males; AII elongate,>1.45× longer than posterior width of pronotum in males; pronotal disk>1.2× longer than callosite region in both sexes; left paramere with short apophysis, spatulate apex expanded ( Fig. 23F); aedeagus with three endosomal lobes, with left lateral lobe with small weakly arcuate lobal sclerite, medial lobe with larger weakly arcuate lobal sclerite ( Fig. 13B).

Redescription

Males. Macropters only known.

Coloration ( Fig. 2): Body variable in colour, with head and pronotum ranging from more stramineous/ light brown to dark brown, with darker morph more common. Dark morph: Head: frons+vertex mostly dark brown to approaching black, with contrasting yellow markings narrowly placed adjacent to eyes, with a X-shaped dark-brown marking, contiguous with broad dark-brown band along posterior margin of head, sometimes paler medially, yellowish to orangish brown; lateral margins of postocular region dark brown to near black, extending to lateral regions of gula; clypeus, maxillary plate and bucculae usually dark brown, bucculae sometimes narrowly stramineous ventrally; mandibular plate stramineous; gula mostly dark brown to black, sometimes with midline narrowly stramineous; AI mostly shiny dark reddish brown, with apex narrowly stramineous, sometimes with darker annulation subbasally; AII–AIV mostly dark brown, sometimes with base of AII more reddish brown, apex of AIII with narrow stramineous tip, generally with medial region of AII faintly stramineous. Pronotum: mostly shiny dark brown, with midline sometimes narrowly stramineous, callosite region occasionally paler brown with orange tinge. Thoracic pleura and sterna: pleura, including mesobasisternum, mostly shiny dark brown, with metepisternum duller; mesepimeron stramineous. Mesoscutum: dull dark-brown, laterally with stramineous to orange tinge. Scutellum : anterolateral angles stramineous, with midline broadly dull dark-brown. Hemelytra : translucent, pale greyish to stramineous colour, with three small dark-brown spots, at corial fracture, middle of apical margin of endocorium and tip of cuneus, spots sometimes with red infusion; clavus sometimes with faint embrownment; medial margin of endocorium post-commissure sometimes with faint reddish brown highlighting; corium sometimes with minor red-brown to medium-brown spots, often associated with setae; membrane veins mostly brown, sometimes with reddish tinge. Abdomen: venter variable, from uniformly medium to dark brown, to mostly stramineous with lateral embrownment on basal segments, pygophore shiny medium to dark brown. Pale morph: mostly as in dark morph, but with head and pronotum more uniformly stramineous to light brown, with X-marking on frons+vertex less extensive, posterior margin of head stramineous to orange.

Structure: Head: interocular distance 0.99–1.23× greater than eye width. Antennae: AI 2.03–2.70× longer than interocular distance; AII long, 1.47–1.78× longer than posterior width of pronotum. Pronotum: callosite region 1.7–2.41× longer than collar; calli short; pronotal disk 1.24–1.50 mm longer than callosite region. Male genitalia: left paramere with robust and short apophysis, spatulate apex expanded ( Fig. 23F); aedeagus with three well-developed endosomal lobes, left lateral lobe with a small lobal sclerite, medial lobe with larger weakly arcuate lobal sclerite ( Fig. 13B).

Females. Macropters only known. Coloration, vestiture, texture and structure mostly as in males. Head: interocular distance 1.07–1.32× than eye width. Antennae: AI length 1.70–2.12× interocular distance. AII 1.01–1.36× longer than posterior pronotal width. Pronotum: disk 1.32–1.80× longer than callosite region.