Dicyphus epilobii, REUTER, 1883

Sanchez, Juan Antonio & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2018, Towards solving the taxonomic impasse of the biocontrol plant bug subgenus Dicyphus (Dicyphus) (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) using molecular, morphometric and morphological partitions, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, pp. 330-406 : 379-381

DICYPHUS EPILOBII REUTER, 1883

( FIGS 2, 13 A, 23 E, 36)

Dicyphus epilobii Reuter, 1883: 52 (original description); Carvalho, 1958: 156 (world catalogue); Schuh, 1995: 490 (world catalogue) Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 22 (Palaearctic catalogue).

Material examined

Austria: Neustadt , May 1872, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213952 ) ( HNHM) .

B u l g a r i a: P l o v d i v: A s e n o v g r a d, 4 2. 0 1 3 3 7 º N 24.87844ºE, 227 m, 29 Sep 1961, Josifov, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00210765 ) ( ZISP) ; 1♀, (Not laballed) ( RAS) .

France: Bonneville , 4 Sep 1989, Duverger, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00209583 ) ( MNHN) .

Italy: Monfalcone , 45.84555°N 13.53277°E, 84 m, 1885, Kensch, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213953 ) ( HNHM) . Piemonte: Torino: Caluso , 45.31278ºN 7.83889ºE, 291 m, ex. Epilobium hirsutum , 1 Aug 2008, Sanchez, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000163 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000166 ) ; Coazze ( Giaveno ), 45.04667ºN 7.30722ºE, 631 m, ex. Epilobium hirsutum , 15 Aug 2008, Sanchez, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000159 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000162 ) . Liguria: Orco Feglino , 44.21250ºN 8.32555ºE, 127 m, ex. Epilobium hirsutum , 13 Aug 2008, Sanchez, 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000167 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000170 ) .

Netherlands: Zuid-Holland: Nieuwkoop, 52.15361°N 4.78333°E, 15 Aug 1951, Lindberg , 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00209450 , AMNH _ PBI 00209452 ) , 3♀♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00209444 , AMNH _ PBI 00209451 , AMNH _ PBI 00209453 ) ( MZH) . Henmstede, 52.35277°N 4.62138°E, 2 m, 28 Jul 1953, Meurer , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206885 ) ( AMNH) . Wageningen, Gelderland, 51.5804ºN 5.3949W, 291 m, ex. Epilobium hirsutum , 21 July 2006, Sanchez , 6♂♂, 6♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000353 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000365 ) .

Sweden: Hýsselholm : Ignaberga, 56.12305°N 13.83166°E, 49 m, 29 Jul 1932, Kemner, 4♀♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206877 ) ( AMNH) . Lund : ýstra Mýllavýgen, 55.66361°N 13.35694°E, 50 m, 21 Jul 1989, Danielsson, 3 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212439 - AMNH _ PBI 00212441 ) ( MZLU) . Brunnby , 59.83083°N 13.53277°E, 31 m, 2 Aug 1962, Ossiannilsson, 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212437 , AMNH _ PBI 00212438 ) ( MZLU) . Karlskrona , 56.16055°N 15.58666°E, 18 Jul 1972, Gyllensvard, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212442 ) ( MZLU) . Kýrret,

57.45472°N 11.92694°E, 7 m, 6 Aug 1950, Tjeder, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212443 ) ( MZLU) . Kývlinge, 55.79166°N 13.11027°E, 13 m, 30 Jul 1938, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212444 ) ( MZLU) . Simrishamn: Vitemölla, 55.69888°N 14.20666°E, 4 m, 24 Jul 1947, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212436 ) ( MZLU) ; 25 Jul 1947, 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _PBI 0 0 2 1 2 4 3 4, AMNH _ PBI 00212435 ) ( MZLU) . Västergötland: Rävlunda: Having, 55.71667ºN 14.15000°E, 26 Jul 1959, Gyllensvard, 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206876 ) ( AMNH) .

United Kingdom: England: Bedford: Maulden Wood beds, 52.032118°N 0.437167°W, 67 m, 24 Jul 1975, Leston , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206880 ) ( AMNH) . Renhold, 52.1625°N 0.4025°E, 56 m, 21 Jul 1975, Leston , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206882 ) ( AMNH) ; Flitwick Moor Beds, 52.004604ºN 0.497946ºW, 8 0 m, 5 Aug 1 9 7 5, Leston , 1♂, ( AMNH _ PBI 00206879 ) ( AMNH) ; 13 Aug 1975, Leston, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206883 ) ( AMNH) ; Leston, 1♂, ( AMNH _ PBI 00206881 ) ( AMNH) . Buckinghamshire: Chiltern Hills, Aylesbury, 51.78916°N 0.71694°E, 170 m, 16 Aug 1915, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206884 ) ( AMNH) . Hertfordshire: Rickmansworth, 51.63861°N 0.46916°E, 53 m, 1 Aug 1948, Leston , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206878 ) ( AMNH) . London: Buckham, S. of London, 51.14904ºN 0.97869ºW, 107 m, 30 Jul 1951, Lindberg , 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00209447 , AMNH _ PBI 00209454 ) ( MZH) .

Diagnosis

Dicyphus epilobii is recognized by the following combination of characters: macropters only; body length 4.14–4.93 mm in males and 4.30–5.23 mm in females; pale body with minor reddish brown to light brown markings ( Fig. 2); frons+vertex with a V-shaped medium brown marking, sometimes marking very faint; AI mostly broadly red, sometimes with narrow darker brown annulation; interocular distance longer than eye width in macropters in both sexes; AI elongate,>1.4× interocular distance in both sexes; AII>1.4× longer than posterior width of pronotum in males, raging 1.0–1.4× in females; callosite region <1.9× longer than collar along midline; disk>1.2× longer than callosite region along midline in both sexes; apophysis of left paramere moderately elongate, with spatulate region weakly expanded, outer margin without ornamentation ( Fig. 23E); endosoma with three membraneous lobes, the two lateral lobes with a weakly arcuate sclerite each ( Fig. 13A).

Redescription

Males. Macropters only known.

Coloration ( Fig. 2): Dorsum mostly stramineous, often with medium brown markings. Head: frons+vertex with a V-shaped medium-brown marking, sometimes marking very faint, posterior region of head often more orangish yellow; postocular margins either stramineous or with medium-brown band extending to lateral regions of gula; clypeus, maxillary plate and bucculae usually medium brown, sometimes with stramineous highlighting, rarely more stramineous generally; mandibular plate stramineous; gula mostly stramineous. Antennae: bicoloured; AI mostly pale red, sometimes with darker reddish brown annulation subbasally, apex stramineous; AII mostly stramineous, with short subbasal and elongate distal medium brown annulations, with base narrowly stramineous; AIII and AIV mostly medium brown, usually with base of AIII narrowly stramineous. Pronotum: collar whitish, sometimes translucent; calli stramineous to yellow, without contrasting brown markings; disk stramineous with whitish highlighting, often translucent, humeral angles rarely weakly embrowned. Thoracic pleura and sterna: propleuron mostly stramineous, sometimes with whitish highlighting, sometimes with medium-brown marking medially on anterior half; mesobasisternum uniformly orange brown to light brown, rarely darker brown; mesepimeron whitish to stramineous; metepisternum and MTG stramineous. Mesoscutum: uniformly stramineous to orange. Scutellum : anterolateral angles stramineous, with orange to orangish brown midline. Hemelytra : translucent, with faint pale stramineous hue, usually with three small reddish brown to dark brown spots, at corial fracture, middle of apical margin of endocorium and tip of cuneus; clavus sometimes with reddish highlighting; medial margin of endocorium post-commissure often narrowly red to reddish brown; corium also with minor red to reddish brown spots, often associated with setae; membrane veins reddish or brown. Abdomen: venter either uniformly stramineous to light brown, sometimes lateral regions of basal segments weakly embrowned.

Structure: Head: interocular distance 1.02–1.63× greater than eye width in macropters. Antennae: AI elongated, 1.68–2.18× longer than interocular distance in macropters; AII 1.42–1.74× longer than posterior width of pronotum in macropters. Pronotum: callosite region 1.47–2.04× longer than collar; calli short; pronotal disk 1.20–1.57× longer than callosite region. Male genitalia: genital opening of pygophore oval, without tergal processes; apophysis of left paramere moderately elongate, with spatulate region weakly expanded, outer margin without ornamentation ( Fig. 23E); aedeagus with three well-developed endosomal lobes, lateral lobes each with a weakly arcuate lobal sclerites subequal in size ( Fig. 13A).

Females. Macropters only known. Coloration, vestiture, texture and structure mostly as in males. Head: interocular distance 1.16–1.64× greater than eye width. Antennae: AI 1.44–1.88× longer than interocular distance; AII 1.14–1.36× longer than posterior pronotal width. Pronotum: disk region 1.25–1.51× longer than callosite region.