Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag, 2020
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2020-0017 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/91278A60-FF93-AF21-FCC1-6853FDA5D7EB |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag , sp. nov. ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 )
Holotype: HV823, collected by Heroen Verbruggen in Dancalan , north of Bulusan, SW Luzon, Philippines on 11 February 2004, deposited at BR.
Holotype GenBank accessions: FJ624528 (rbc L), KT887750 (tuf A), FJ624604 ( ITS nrDNA), FJ624488 ( SSU nrDNA), FJ624554 ( UCP3 View Materials ) and FJ624834 ( UCP7 View Materials ).
Habitat: The type locality is a complex system of crevices shoreward of an exposed coralline reef off Bulusan , Sorsogon, Philippines. The crevices, which are 5–10 m deep and have many vertical walls and overhangs, are sheltered from full wave forces but subject to moderate wave surges. H. magnicuneata was growing on rocky substrate on the vertical walls of the crevices .
Description: Thalli attach to rocky substrata by means of a holdfast disc composed of an intricate network of rhizoidal siphons. The cylindrical to narrow wedge-shaped basal segment is smaller and thicker than the other segments, which are entirely flattened and measure (17-)19–23(- 27) mm in length and (15-)17–20(-23) mm in width. The majority of large, flattened segments is ca. 10% longer than wide and is broadest above their middle (at ca. 60–70% from the base). They are wedge-shaped to almost round and lightly calcified.
Medullar siphons are (95-)110–130(-140) µm thick. Subnodal siphons fuse in 2′s or 3′s. The siphons directly above the fusion are (500-)790–1100(-1500) μ m long. The cortex consists of two utricle layers, very rarely 3. Peripheral utricles are (39-)42–48(-50) µm in surface diameter and (55-)60–65(-75) µm high. Adjacent peripheral utricles attach to one another at their tips and show an irregular polygonal pattern in surface view, with medium-thickness cell walls and the occasional fusion between adjacent utricles. Secondary utricles are markedly inflated and measure (60-)75–100(115) µm in diameter and (95-)120– 160(-185) µm in height. They carry 4–8 peripheral utricles.
Phylogeny: Refer to the phylogenetic analysis of Verbruggen et al. (2009) as inferred from a concatenated alignment of rbc L, tuf A, UCP3 View Materials , UCP 7, 18S, and ITS sequences. The node “ H. ‘magnicuneata ’” refers to the holotype material HV823 from Bulusan, Sorsogon, Philippines .
Distribution: Halimeda magnicuneata confirmed occurrences are so far from Sorsogon, Philippines and Barrow Island, Western Australia.
Note Taxon a Eastern Sorsogon site
PDGUBABUSMMTTIĮI Ulvales
Ulva australis Areschoug + + ± Ulva clathrata (Roth) C.Agardh ±
Ulva fl exuosa Wulfen + +
Ulva kylinii (Bliding) H.S.Hayden, Blomster, Maggs ,
P.C.Silva, Stanhope et Waaland + ±
Ulva lactuca Linnaeus + + + ± ± ± Ulva reticulata Forsskål + + + + ± + ± Cladophorales
Anadyomene plicata C.Agardh + + ± + Microdictyon cf. umbilicatum (Velley) Zanardini b +
Microdictyon okamurae Setchell + +
Boodlea coacta (Dickie) G.Murray et De Toni b +
Boodlea composita (Harvey) F.Brand ± + ± + ± Cladophoropsis vaucheriiformis (Areschoug) Papenfuss + +
Phyllodictyon anastomosans (Harvey) Kraft et M.J.Wynne + +
2 Struvea okamurae Leliaert + +
Chaetomorpha antennina (Bory) Kützing + + ± + + 3 Chaetomorpha vieillardii (Kützing) M.J.Wynne + + + + Cladophora aokii Yamada +
4 Cladophora quisumbingii Manza ± ±
5 Cladophora vagabunda (Linnaeus) Hoek b +
Lychaete dotyana (W.J.Gilbert) M.J.Wynne + +
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa (Forsskål) BØrgesen + + ± + Dictyosphaeria versluysii Weber Bosse + + ± ± + Siphonocladaceae
Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann + + + + ± + + Valoniaceae
Valonia aegagropila C.Agardh + + ± + + Valonia fastigiata Harvey ex J.Agardh b + +
Valonia utricularis (Roth) C.Agardh +
Valonia ventricosa J.Agardh + ± + Valoniopsis pachynema (G.Martens) BØrgesen ± +
6 Bryopsis pennata J.V.Lamouroux + + + + Caulerpaceae
7 Caulerpa biserrulata Sonder b + +
8 Caulerpa buginensis E.Verheij et Prud’ homme b, c +
Caulerpa chemnitzia (Esper) J.V.Lamouroux + + + + Caulerpa cupressoides (Vahl) C.Agardh + + + + 9 Caulerpa elongata Weber Bosse + + + Caulerpa fergusonii G.Murray + +
10 Caulerpa fi licoides Yamada ±
Caulerpa lentillifera J.Agardh + + + ± + ± Caulerpa lessonii Bory + + +
Caulerpa mexicana Sonder ex Kützing +
Note Taxon a Eastern Sorsogon site
PDGUBABUSMMTTIĮI Caulerpa opposita Coppejans et Meinesz b +
Caulerpa pickeringii Harvey et Bailey +
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh + + + + + + Caulerpa serrulata (Forsskål) J.Agardh ± + + + + + Caulerpa sertularioides (S.G.Gmelin) M.Howe + + + + + + Caulerpa taxifolia (M.Vahl) C.Agardh + + + +
Caulerpa urvilleana Montagne ± ± ±
11 Caulerpa sp. b, c, d +
Codium bartlettii C.K.Tseng et W.J.Gilbert + + + +
Codium edule P.C.Silva + + + +
Codium geppiorum O.C.Schmidt b +
12 Codium cf. latum Suringar b, c, d +
Codium platyclados R.Jones et Kraft + +
13 Codium cf. tenue Kützing + +
14 Avrainvillea amadelpha (Montagne) A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp b, c +
Avrainvillea erecta (Berkeley) A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp + +
Avrainvillea lacerata J.Agardh + + + ± + + Avrainvillea longicaulis (Kützing) G.Murray et Boodle ±
Avrainvillea nigricans Decaisne ± +
Avrainvillea obscura (C.Agardh) J.Agardh + +
Chlorodesmis fastigiata (C.Agardh) S.C.Ducker + + + + Halimeda bikinensis W.R.Taylor b +
15 Halimeda borneensis W.R.Taylor ± ±
Halimeda cylindracea Decaisne + + +
16 Halimeda discoidea Decaisne + + + +
17 Halimeda distorta (Yamada) Hillis-Colinvaux +
Halimeda fragilis W.R.Taylor b + +
18 Halimeda gigas W.R.Taylor + + + +
19 Halimeda gracilis Harvey ex J.Agardh + +
Halimeda incrassata (J.Ellis) J.V.Lamouroux b +
Halimeda lacunalis W.R.Taylor b +
Halimeda macroloba Decaisne + ±
20 Halimeda macrophysa Askenasy + +
Halimeda magnicuneata Verbruggen et Dumilag sp. nov. +
21 Halimeda melanesica Valet +
22 Halimeda minima (W.R.Taylor) Hillis-Colinvaux + +
Halimeda opuntia (Linnaeus) J.V.Lamouroux + ± + + ± + + Halimeda taenicola W.R.Taylor ±
23 Halimeda velasquezii W.R.Taylor + + + ± + Rhipidosiphon javensis Montagne +
24 Rhipilia crassa A.J.K.Millar et Kraft ±
25 Rhipilia nigrescens Coppejans et Prud’ homme +
26 Rhipilia orientalis A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp +
27 Rhipiliopsis carolyniae Kraft +
Tydemania expeditionis Weber Bosse + + +
Udotea indica A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp b +
Udotea occidentalis A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp +
Udotea orientalis A.Gepp et E.S.Gepp + + + +
PD: Prieto Diaz, GU: Gubat, BA: Barcelona, BU: Bulusan, SM: Sta. Magdalena, MT: Matnog, TI: Tikling Is., JI: Juac Is. (see Table 1).
“+”, taxon with actual specimen examined in this study; “±” material cited from literature.
1. Most Philippine specimens, though no representative was collected from Sorsogon, identified morphologically as Boodlea montagnei (Harvey ex J.E.Gray) Egerod , Boodlea siamensis (now B. composita ), and Phyllodictyon anastomosans belong to “ Boodlea sp. 10”, a widespread Indo-Paci fi c species ( Leliaert et al. 2009).
2. Phylogenetic inferences from partial LSU and ITS sequences including a specimen (HEC12301) collected from BU indicated that Chamaedoris orientalis Okamura et Higashi should be recognised as a species of Struvea ( Leliaert et al. 2007) . Due to the peculiar phenotypic traits of S. okamurae relative to other traditionally known members of Struvea , the description of the genus was emended in Leliaert et al. (2007). 3. Wynne (2011) proposed the name C. vieillardii to serve for what was previously known in tropical seas as Chaetomorpha crassa (C.Agardh) Kützing.
4. Cladophora quisumbingii has been applied to a species only known from the Philippines. This species was brie fl y described by Manza (1939) based on an unnumbered specimen collected by R. C. McGregor from Batan Island, Batanes,northern Philippines, dated June 1907. Cladophora quisumbingii exhibits branches arranged dichotomously at the base, becoming di-tetrachotomous at midregion and tapered to narrow apical divaricate ends. Its main axes measured 300–400 µm while the apical branches were 150–200 µm, making this taxon relatively coarse as compared with most Cladophora species. Manza’ s description did not include any illustrations. The original material was deposited at the Herbarium of Bureau of Science in Manila but lost at the beginning of World War II. Silva et al. (1987) argues that a specimen in Berkeley (UC 1402218) is the lectotype. The fi rst illustration for this species is provided by Trono (2018).
5. Cladophora vagabunda is a species-complex that is widespread from tropical to temperate waters ( Boedeker et al. 2016). Tropical representatives are genetically distinct from temperate C. vagabunda (type from England) and likely represent a different species.
6. A preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis in Bryopsis showed considerable con fl ict between morphological and phylogenetic species de fi nitions ( Hollants et al. 2013). A Philippine specimen identi fi ed as B. pennata was found to belong to ‘ Bryopsis sp. 28′, a pantropical clade including a wide morphological diversity.
7. The morphological entity Caulerpa biserrulata represents at least two distinct species and one of those is C. brachypus . The C. brachypus specimen from Cangaluyan Is., Pangasinan, Philippines in Famà et al. (2002) was re-examined and identi fi ed as C. biserrulata ( Wynne et al. 2009) . Nonetheless, it belongs to a clade with typical C. brachypus .
8. On MICH 679831 About MICH (Kraft #359) there are four mounted specimens with pallid coloured thalli with quite distinctive oppositely arranged rounded ramuli. At the bottom of the sheet was handwritten by H. Ohba in pencil, dated 29 May 1998, “Coppejans and Prud’ homme van Reine’ s new species from Indonesia or Papua New Guinea ”. The species to which Ohba was referring is C. buginensis .
9. The definitive taxonomic traits for C. webbiana have been shown to overlap with C. elongata . This has been seen particularly among Philippine samples ( Dumilag et al. 2019), thus molecular con fi rmation is recommended.
10. Caulerpa fi licoides generally has 2–3 super-imposed whorls on a longer stipe, i.e. 5–15 mm, while another related Indo-Paci fi c species, Caulerpa andamanensis (W.R.Taylor) Draisma , Prud’ homme et Sauvage has a single whorl of branchlets on a short stipe, i.e. up to 2 mm ( Draisma et al. 2014). Trono (2018) described his material from BU following the former criterion.
11. Refer to the Discussion section.
12. Refer to the Discussion section.
13. Huisman (2015) noted that reported specimens under the name Codium tenue from the Philippines and the Marshall Islands probably belong to different species and require molecular con fi rmation.
14. Refer to the Discussion section.
15. Record of Halimeda simulans M.Howe in Trono (1975, 1997) was considered by Huisman (2015) to be H. borneensis .
16. Verbruggen et al. (2005) reported specimens matching Halimeda cuneata f. digitata E.S.Barton from several places in the Philippines, but when sequenced these clearly belong within H. discoidea . Voucher HV827 collected from BU was con fi rmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2005).
17. Voucher HV767 from BU was confirmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009).
18. Most samples identified as H. tuna in the Indo-Paci fi c are small plants of H. gigas . The presence of H. tuna anywhere in the Philippines, therefore, is unlikely, as this species occurs only in the Mediterranean and another cryptic species in the Atlantic ( Kooistra et al. 2002, Dijoux et al. 2012). The voucher HV769 from BU was con fi rmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009) as H. gigas .
19. Voucher HV824 from BU was confirmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009).
20. Voucher HV822 from BU was confirmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009).
21. Vouchers HV790 and HV818 from BU were confirmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2005).
22. Halimeda copiosa Goreau et E.A.Graham is strictly an Atlantic species. Indo-Paci fi c samples identi fi ed as H. copiosa were molecularly assigned to the H. minima complex, which has not been found outside the Indo-Paci fi c. Voucher HV791 from BU was con fi rmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009).
23. Vouchers HV68 and HV779 from BU were confirmed molecularly by Verbruggen et al. (2009).
24. A single specimen, NSW419105, collected from BU, was regarded as one of the syntype specimens of this species by Millar and Kraft (2001). 25. Molecularly confirmed by Verbruggen et al. (2009) from BU.
26. Molecularly confirmed by Verbruggen et al. (2009) from BU.
27. The type specimen ( MELU, K492 ), was collected from BU ( Kraft 1986) .
a Detailed specimen information presented in Supplementary Table S1.
b New record for eastern Sorsogon, Philippines.
c New record for the Philippines.
d New record for southeast Asian waters.
Table 3 shows the similarities of Ulvophyceae record matrix constructed for each site with SØrensen’ s similarity index. The number of species per site varied between 10 and 96 with the highest record from BU, as would be expected considering that the greatest sampling effort was in this site over the past five decades, as compared to the other sites ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 ). The ulvophycean flora of eastern Sorsogon represents the highest count with consistently low similarity index as compared to any other region within the Philippines ( Table 4).
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