Leucanthemum atratum, (Jacq.) DC.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 176

6. L. atratum (Jacq.) DC. , Prodr. 6: 48 (1838)

( Chrysanthemum atratum Jacq. ).

Stems 10-50 cm, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy. Basal leaves spathulate, long-petiolate, crenate to lobed or with 3-5 apical teeth; cauline leaves oblong to linear, deeply toothed to pinnatifid. Capitula 2-5 cm in diameter, solitary. Involucral bracts lanceolate to oblong, the outer with a wide scarious apical appendage; ligules white. Achenes usually all with a pappus. • Alps, Appennini, mountains of N. W. & C. Jugoslavia. Au Ga Ge He It Ju.

A complex species showing, like L. vulgare , a great deal of cytological variation but divisible into a number of fairly well characterized subspecies.

1 Outer involucral bracts pale green, with a blackish-brown to nearly hyaline margin 0-1-0-2 mm wide (f) subsp. platylepis

1 Outer involucral bracts dark green, with a dark brown or black margin more than 0-2 mm wide

2 Involucral bracts with a dark marginal band and a ± hyaline, scarious border; middle cauline leaves deeply 3-lobed at apex, otherwise entire (e) subsp. tridactylites

2 Involucral bracts with dark brown or black margin, without a hyaline border; middle cauline leaves pinnatifid, toothed or lobed

3 Stem 5-20 cm; capitula 3 cm in diameter

4 Stem leafy for | of its length; basal and lower cauline leaves shortly petiolate (b) subsp. halieri

4 Stem leafy for j- f of its length; basal and lower cauline leaves long-petiolate (g) subsp. lithopolitanicum

3 Stem (15-)2O-35(-5O) cm; capitula 4 cm in diameter

5 Middle cauline leaves pinnatifid or 2-pinnatifid with linear segments; achenes of tubular florets with rudimentary pappus (d) subsp. ceratophylloides

5 Middle cauline leaves incised, toothed or lobed; achenes of tubular florets with well-developed pappus

6 Stem leafy for f-J of its length; basal leaves shallowly lobed at apex; cauline leaves sessile, with±incurved teeth (a) subsp. atratum

6 Stem leafy for F 4 of its length; basal leaves deeply lobed at apex; cauline leaves petiolate, with±out-curved teeth (c) subsp. coronopifolium