Leucanthemum Miller

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 174-175

81. Leucanthemum Miller 1

Perennial, rarely annual herbs. Leaves entire to pinnately divided, alternate. Capitula solitary, rarely 2-6, terminal. Involucral bracts in 2-3 rows. Receptacle usually convex, without scales. Outer florets ligulate, female, white or pinkish, rarely tubularcampanulate and hermaphrodite or female, yellow. Inner florets hermaphrodite, tubular-campanulate. Achenes all similar, obconical-cylindrical, with usually 10 prominent ribs and epicarpic mucilaginous cells on most ribs; vallecular secretory canals present. Pappus a corona or auricle, sometimes rudimentary or absent.

Literature: S. Horvatié, Aeta Bot. Inst. Bot. Univ. Zagreb. 3:

1-80 (1928); Acta Bot. Croat. 22: 203-218 (1963). 1 Ligules absent; all florets usually hermaphrodite

2 Apex, margin and usually median vein of outer involucral bracts reddish; lower half of corolla-tube weakly 2-winged

10. discoideum 2 Apex, margin and median vein of outer involucral bracts concolorous; lower half of corolla-tube strongly 2-winged

1. vulgare 1 Ligules present; outer florets female

3 Ligules 5*5-6(-8) mm, yellow at least at base

4 Perennial; ligules yellow throughout 10. discoideum 4 Annual; ligules pale yellow or whitish with a yellowish base

12. paludosum 3 Ligules usually more than 8 mm, white or pinkish

5 Densely caespitose; leaves mostly basal; stems up to 5 cm

11. arundanum 5 Not or laxly caespitose; cauline leaves present; stems usually more than 10 cm

6 Base of stems covered with persistent white, scarious sheathing petioles 4. bumatii 6 Base of stems not covered with persistent petioles

7 Basal leaves± orbicular, cordate; all leaves regularly crenate-dentate 9. rotundifolium 7 Basal leaves obovate, spathulate to oblanceolate, cuneate;

all leaves ± irregularly lobed, crenate or dentate

8 Lower cauline leaves 2-pinnatipartite; lobes linear, entire

9 Pappus of ligulate florets a usually complete corona at least i as long as corolla-tube 8. corsicum 9 Pappus of ligulate florets usually an auricle, rarely up to ï as long as corolla-tube 5. monspeliense 8 Lower cauline leaves not 2-pinnatipartite

10 Cauline leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, entire or with a few teeth

11 Base of stem reddish; lower cauline leaves with setaceous teeth at base and reddish spots; peduncles

5-8 cm 2. graminifolium 11 Base of stem green; lower cauline leaves without setaceous teeth at base or reddish spots; peduncles

11-14 cm 7. chloroticum 10 Cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate to elliptical, with numerous teeth or lobes 12 Involucral bracts with a prominent, broadly ovate to spathulate, obtuse scarious apical appendage

13 Pappus of ligulate florets an auricle, equalling or longer than corolla-tube 3. gracilicaule

13 Pappus of ligulate florets a corona, shorter than corolla-tube

14 Stems much-branched; cauline leaves obovatespathulate, shortly auriculate, crenate or crenatedentate in upper part 1. vulgare

14 Stems sparingly branched; cauline leaves oblong to linear, the margins regularly dentate 6. atratum 12 Involucral bracts without a distinct apical appendage

15 Pappus of ligulate florets an auricle, equalling or longer than corolla-tube 3. gracilicaule

15 Pappus of ligulate florets, when present, a corona,

shorter than corolla-tube

16 Leaf-segments obtuse to acute 1. vulgare

16 Leaf-segments acuminate, mucronate or aristate

8. corsicum