Conyza Less.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 120

9. Conyza Less. 1

Herbs, rarely shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple. Involucral bracts imbricate, scarcely herbaceous. Receptacle flat, without scales. Female florets numerous, in several rows, with a slender, tubular- filiform corolla, which, in European members, is apically produced into a very short, narrow, white or rarely pinkish ligule up to 1 mm. Hermaphrodite florets few, fertile, mostly yellow. Achenes flattened, with 0-2 veins. Pappus of hairs.

C.ivifolia(L.) Less. , Lzwzaea 6:138(1831), a shrub up to 100 cm, sparsely scabrid-puberulent and densely covered with sessile glands, is more or less naturalized in C. Portugal (near Oeiras). It is native in S. Africa. Female florets usually 25-45, the ligule 0-5-1 mm; involucre gla­

brous or nearly so 1. canadensis Female florets usually 50-120, the ligule not more than 0-5 mm;

involucre usually hirsute 2. bonariensis