Achillea L.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.293764 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/90236A28-9D97-F49E-FDC5-FB00103B4941 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Achillea L. |
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58. Achillea L. View in CoL 1
Perennial herbs. Leaves entire to 3-pinnatifid, alternate. Capitula usually small, pedunculate, rarely shortly so. Involucral bracts in few rows, the outer somewhat shorter than the inner, with a scarious margin. Receptacle convex or conical; scales present. Outer florets ligulate, female, the ligules more or less 3-dentate, patent or rarely short and erect. Inner florets hermaphrodite, 5-lobed, white, yellow or pink; corolla-tube compressed. Achenes compressed, oblong or obovate; pappus absent.
Literature: F. Ehrendorfer, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 24: 141-152 (1959). A. Heimerl, Monographia Sectionis *Ptarmica' Achilleae Generis. Wien. 1884. W. M. Hiesey & M. A. Nobs, Bot. Gaz. 131: 245-259 (1970). J. Prodan, Achileele României. Cluj. 1931.
Interspecific hybridization is common throughout the genus so that identification is often difficult.
In this account, divided leaves are said to be terete when the lobes are directed in more than one plane. Corymbs are considered as several when the stem branches near the top, even though the corymbs may be contiguous. Measurements of involucre and capitulum refer to flowering material, and characters of involucral bracts refer to those in the middle of the involucre. 1 Ligules yellow; inflorescences usually with more than 15 capitula 2 Middle cauline leaves ± terete 3 Lobes of leaves suborbicular 51. santolinoides 3 Lobes of leaves ovate to linear 4 Involucre c. 2 mm in diameter; ligules pale yellow (31-34). nobilis group 4 Involucre 3-5 mm in diameter; ligules bright yellow 5 Involucre c. 3 mm in diameter; ligules c. 2 mm 36. tomentosa 5 Involucre 3-5-5 mm in diameter; ligules c. 3 mm 37. chrysocoma 2 Middle cauline leaves plane 6 Middle cauline leaves simple, serrate 42. agératum 6 Middle cauline leaves divided 7 Ligules c. 3 mm 39. absinthoides 7 Ligules not more than 2-5 mm 8 Involucral bracts at least 3 mm; ligules 1-5-2-5 mm 9 Involucre 2-3 mm in diameter; leaves pinnatisect, + pubescent 30. crithmifolia 9 Involucre c. 5 mm in diameter; leaves pinnatifid, usually sericeous 38. holosericea 8 Involucral bracts not more than 2-8 mm; ligules not more than 1-7 mm 10 Inflorescences with not more than 15 capitula
11 Leaves ± pubescent 40. leptophylla
11 Leaves glabrous 41. glaberrima
10 Inflorescences mostly with more than 15 capitula
12 Middle cauline leaves pectinate
13 Leaves pinnatisect, those on non-flowering shoots linear and entire in lower half 43. ochroleuca
13 Leaves pinnatifid, rarely entire in lower part of leaf
44. depressa
12 Middle cauline leaves variously divided, but not pectinate
14 Leaves grey ' 45. aegyptiaca
14 Leaves green
15 Involucre 2-8-4 mm in diameter
16 Ligules pale yellow 30. crithmifolia
16 Ligules deep yellow
17 Lobes of basal leaves 1- to 2-pinnatifid with
± lanceolate, obtuse teeth 48. coarctata
17 Lobes of basal leaves serrate or 1-pinnatifid with ovate, acute teeth
18 Leaves weakly glandular-punctate, the cauline about twice as long as internodes 46. clypeolata
18 Leaves distinctly glandular-punctate, the cauline
4-5 times as long as internodes 47. thracica
15 Involucre not more than 2-5 mm in diameter
19 Leaves tomentose; ligules deep yellow
20 Ligules 0-5-1 mm 49. micrantha
20 Ligules c. 1-5 mm 50. biebersteinii
19 Leaves puberulent to pubescent; ligules pale yellow
21 Involucral bracts glabrous, shiny 30. crithmifolia
21 Involucral bracts ± hairy, dull (31-34). nobilis group 1 Ligules white to pink or purplish-red; inflorescences with 1 to many capitula 22 Capitula usually solitary 23 Leaves entire or crenate 1. ageratifolia 23 Leaves divided 24 Leaves grey, sericeous 7. umbellata 24 Leaves green, subglabrous to sericeous-tomentose 25 Leaves sericeous-tomentose 4. barrelieri 25 Leaves subglabrous to pubescent 3. oxyloba 22 Capitula mostly in clusters 26 Leaves entire or divided less than ^-way to midrib 27 Leaves spathulate to obtriangular; stems simple 28 Stems densely brown-hairy above 16. Ungulata 28 Stems glabrous or with white hairs above
29 Leaves±glabrous; involucre c. 5 mm in diameter
5. erba-rotta
29 Leaves ±grey-tomentose; involucre 5-8(-10) mm in diameter 2. serbica 27 Leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate; stem usually branched 30 Leaves not more than 0-3 cm wide, entire 5. erba-rotta 30 Leaves more than 0-3 cm wide, serrate
31 Leaves not glandular-punctate 17. ptarmica
31 Leaves glandular-punctate
32 Leaves up to 9 cm, acute; involucre 4-8 mm in diameter 18. cartilaginea
32 Leaves not more than 5 cm, usually subobtuse; involucre c. 12 mm in diameter 19. pyrenaica 26 Leaves divided more than |-way to midrib 33 Primary segments of cauline leaves mostly undivided,
sometimes serrate 34 Primary segments of middle cauline leaves serrate
35 Involucre 5-8 mm in diameter; ligules 4-6 mm; rhachis entire 15. macrophylla
35 Involucre 3-4 mm in diameter; ligules 2-4 mm; rhachis
± toothed (22-29). millefolium group 34 Primary segments of middle cauline leaves mostly entire
36 Involucre 2-3 mm in diameter
37 Middle cauline leaves ovate in outline, glabrous
35. chamaemelifolia
37 Middle cauline leaves lanceolate to linear in outline,
± pubescent 43. ochroleuca
36 Involucre 4-8 mm in diameter 38 Leaves ± glabrous, green 5. erba-rotta 38 Leaves hairy, usually greyish 39 Involucral bracts with a narrow, pale brown margin 13. abrotanoides 39 Involucral bracts with a wide, dark brown margin 40 Stems up to 40 cm; ligule c. 6 mm; inflorescences with 6-25 capitula 11. clavennae 40 Stems not more than 10(—15) cm; ligules not more than 5 mm; inflorescences with 3-6(-20) capitula 41 Involucral bracts sparsely pubescent; leaves whitish, with spathulate lobes 7. umbellata 41 Involucral bracts densely hairy; leaves grey-green, with lanceolate lobes 42 Plant not caespitose; leaves tomentose 6. nana 42 Plant caespitose; leaves sericeous 8. barbeyana 33 Primary segments of middle cauline leaves divided 43 Middle cauline leaves c. 5 cm wide 21. grandifolia 43 Middle cauline leaves not more than 2 cm wide 44 Inflorescences mostly with more than 25 capitula 45 Involucral bracts glabrous, shiny 30. crithmifolia 45 Involucral bracts ± hairy, dull 46 Middle cauline leaves lanceolate to linear in outline, usually terete and with more than 15 pairs of lobes (22-29). millefolium group 46 Middle cauline leaves elliptical to ovate in outline, usually plane and with not more than 10 pairs of lobes (31-34). nobilis group 44 Inflorescences with 2-25(-30) capitula 47 Primary segments of cauline leaves mostly with a single, distally directed tooth near the base 20. impatiens 47 Primary segments of cauline leaves not as above 48 Leaves with suborbicular lobes (Kriti) 52. eretica 48 Leaves with lanceolate to linear lobes 49 Ligules 5-6 mm 50 Leaves ± tomentose; lobes ± obtuse 11. clavennae 50 Leaves subglabrous; lobes acute 51 Peduncles with brown hairs; plant not strongly aromatic; involucre 8-12 mm in diameter 9. atrata 51 Peduncles with white hairs; plant strongly aromatic; involucre 5-7 mm in diameter 10. clusiana 49 Ligules 2-4 mm 52 Leaves appressed-pubescent; lobes linear-lanceolate; involucral bracts with a pale brown margin 13. abrotanoides 52 Leaves ± tomentose; lobes lanceolate; involucral bracts with a pale or dark brown margin 53 Involucral bracts lanceolate, with a pale brown margin 14. fraasii 53 Involucral bracts ovate, with a dark brown margin 54 Ligules c. 4 mm; leaves with few, obtuse lobes 11. clavennae 54 Ligules c. 2 mm; leaves with many, acute lobes 12. ambrosiaca
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