Pallenis spinosa, (L.) Cass.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 139

1. P. spinosa (L.) Cass. , Diet. Sci. Nat. 37: 276 (1825).

Up to 60 cm, softly hairy. Stems hard, woody at the base, usually branched, the branches overtopping the main stem. Leaves lanceolate to elliptical, obtuse, mucronate; basal petiolate; cauline sessile and semi-amplexicaul. Outer involucral bracts 1 -5-3-5 cm, ovate, coriaceous below, with a long, patent, spine-tipped, leaf-like apex exceeding the ligules; inner ovate, coriaceous, with or without a short, narrow, green apex. Ligules deeply 3-toothed at apex; tubular florets 5-lobed. Achenes 2-2-5 mm. S. Europe. Al BI Bu Co Cr Ga Gr Hs It Ju Lu Rs (K) Sa Si Tu.