Cephalaria Schrader

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 57

2. Cephalaria Schrader 1

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, rarely shrubs. Capitulum ovoid or subglobose. Receptacular scales scarious. Involucel 4- or 8-angled, 8-ridged, usually with 4 or more setae. Calyx cupuliform. Corolla 4-fid, blue, lilac, white or yellow. Literature: Z. Szabó, Math. Term. Közl. 38: 1-352 (1940).

1 Shrub; leaves coriaceous 1. squamiflora 1 Herb; leaves not coriaceous 2 Involucel with minute teeth or entire 3 Involucelnotconstrictedat throat,witha shortscarious corona 2. leucantha 3 Involucel constricted at throat, without a scarious corona 4 Leaves pubescent 3. radiata 4 Leaves glabrous 5 Basal leaves entire or weakly lobed 5. coriacea 5 Basal leaves pinnatisect 4. laevigata 2 Involucelwith4 or 8 prominent setae or teeth 6 Involucralbractswithlongspinesat leastas long as remainder of bract 7. syriaca 6 Involucralbractswithspinesmuchshorterthan remainder of bract 7 Receptacular scales sericeous or villous 13. alpina 7 Receptacular scales appressed-pubescent 8 Leaf-lobes glabrous or ciliate 12. pastricensis 8 Leaf-lobes pubescent or sericeous

9 Receptacular scales 4-5-6 mm 9. joppica

9 Receptacular scales 7-15 mm

10 Receptacular scales 12-15 mm; involucel with 4 setae as long as tube 10. ambrosioides

10 Receptacular scales 7-12 mm; involucel with setae not more than | as long as tube

11 Corolla 15-18 mm 14. litvinovii

11 Corolla less than 15 mm

12 Involucral bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate

8. transylvanica

12 Involucral bracts ovate, obtuse

13 Leaves pinnatisect or lyrate; lobes ovate, elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, serrate-dentate 11. flava

13 Leaves entire or pinnatisect; lobes oblong or oblanceolate, entire or weakly lobed 6. uralensis