Scolymus hispanicus, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 304

2. S. hispanicus L. , Sp. Pl. 813 (1753).

Biennial or perennial 20-80 cm, more or less hairy; stem with interrupted spinosedentate wings. Leaves 40-200 x 15-70 mm; basal oblanceolate, soft, pinnatisect, with few spines, petiole long; cauline rigid, linear-oblong to ovate, sinuate-pinnatifid, spiny, not or scarcely thickened at margin, the uppermost very irregularly spiny. Panicle narrow. Involucre 15-20 x 8-10 mm; bracts more or less lanceolate, gradually attenuate to an acute apex, without or with few hairs. Receptacular scales narrowed at apex. Achenes 3-5 mm, davate; pappus of a few rigid hairs. In = 20. S. Europe, extending to N.W. France. Al*Az BI Bu Co Cr Ga Gr Hs It Ju Lu Rm Rs (W, K) Sa Si Tu.