Cichorium L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 304

146. Cichorium L. 2

Annual to perennial herbs. Stems usually solitary, branched. Leaves runcinate-pinnatifid or dentate. Capitula numerous, terminal and axillary. Involucre cylindrical; bracts in 2 rows, the outer shorter. Receptacle more or less flat, without scales. Ligules usually blue. Achenes obovoid, more or less angled, truncate at apex; pappus of 1-2 rows of short, obtuse scales.

1 Upper branches non-flowering and spine-like; involucre 5-8 mm 3. spinosum

1 Spine-like branches absent; involucre 11-14 mm

2 Peduncles of terminal capitula slightly thickened at apex; pappus-scales as long as achene 1. intybus

2 Peduncles of terminal capitula strongly thickened; pappusscales as long as achene 2. endivia