Lapsana communis, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 344

1. L. communis L. , Sp. Pl. 811 (1753).

Plant 10-125 cm. Leaves 10-150 x 10-70 mm, ovate and dentate to lyrate-pinnatifid with a large terminal lobe and small lateral lobes, the upper sessile or shortly petiolate, sometimes lanceolate and entire, the lower long-petiolate. Capitula in a more or less corymbose panicle. Involucre 5-10 x 2-5 mm; inner bracts linear-oblong, more or less obtuse, keeled in fruit; outer 0-5-1 mm, few, ovate-lanceolate. Achenes 2-5-9 mm, the outermuch longer than the inner. Throughout Europe. All except Cr Fa Is Sb; recently introduced to Az.

All subspecies can have the peduncles and involucre glabrous or with varying amounts of glandular hairs. 1 Plant glaucous; stems 10-25 cm,numerous; involucre less than

3 mm wide (d) subsp. alpina 1 Plant green; stem more than 25 cm, usually solitary; most involucres at least 3 mm wide

2 Ligules not more than1 | times as longas involucre

(a) subsp. communis 2 Ligules about twice as longas involucre 3 Peduncles usually not more than twice as long as involucre;

involucre 6-8 mm (b) subsp. adenophora

3 Most peduncles more than twice as long as involucre; in­

volucre 7-10 mm (c) subsp. intermedia