Cirsium palustre, (L.) Scop.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 241

57. C. palustre (L.) Scop. , F/. Cam. ed. 2, 2: 128 (1772).

Biennial (30-)50-120(-250) cm, with fibrous roots. Stem usually branched above the middle, spiny-winged up to the apex. Leaves herbaceous, undulate, long-decurrent, patent-pubescent above, patent-pubescent and sparsely arachnoid-lanate beneath, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, pinnatifid, the upper lobed; segments triangular to oblong, lobed, with pungent spines 2-6(-13)mm. Capitula (1—)2—8, crowded at apex, sessile or shortly pedunculate. Involucre 9—14(—17) x 7—10(—13) mm; bracts erect, with conspicuous vittae and patent, weak spine 1-2 mm; outer and middle obtuse; inner with suborbicular to lanceolate, membranous-ciliate appendage. Corolla 10-15 mm, purple. Achenes 3-4 mm; pappus 8-12 mm. 2л = 34. Marshes, wet meadows and woods. Most of Europe, but rare in the Mediterranean region. Al Au Be Br Cz Da Fa Fe Ga Ge Hb He Ho Hs Hu It Ju Lu No Po Rm Rs (N, В, C, W, E) Su.