Cirsium rivulare, (Jacq.) All.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 238

33. C. rivulare (Jacq.) All. , Auct. FI. Pedem. 10 (1789)

( C. tricephalodes (Lam.) DC. ).

Perennial (20-)40-100(-120) cm, with fibrous roots. Stem simple or sparingly branched, leafless above the middle or with few small bract-like leaves. Leaves herbaceous, elliptical to oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid or rarely entire, flat, often incised only at the base, patent-puberulent; segments narrowly oblong to narrowly triangular, lobed or dentate, with weak spinules up to 2 mm. Capitula solitary or in apical clusters of 2-5, sometimes shortly pedunculate, erect. Involucre (13—)15—20(—23) x 15-20(-25) mm; bracts suberect, with distinct vittae; outer with weak spinule; middle usually unarmed. Corolla 14-21 mm, purple; limb divided to more than halfway. Achenes 3-5-5-5 mm; pappus 14-20 mm. 2n = 34. Damp places; somewhat calcifuge. • C. Europe, extending to W. part of U.S.S.R., S. Romania, C. Jugoslavia, N. Italy and locally westwards to the Pyrenees. Al Au Cz Ga Ge He Hs Hu It Ju Po Rm Rs (B, C, W) [Su].