Parapterogramma tropicalis ( Hayashi, 2013 ), 2025

Kuwahara, Gregory K., Marshall, Stephen A. & Luk, Stephen P. L., 2025, A revision of Parapterogramma Papp and Pseudopterogramma Papp, with a review of the Parapterogramma genus group of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae), European Journal of Taxonomy 998, pp. 1-124 : 71

Parapterogramma tropicalis ( Hayashi, 2013) comb. nov.

Minialula tropicalis Hayashi, 2013: 353 , figs 2, 8–10.

Type material

Holotype

INDONESIA – Bali • ♂; Kintamani; 18 Mar. 1993; T. Hayashi leg.; NIID.

Material examined

No specimens of M. tropicalis were examined.

Redescription

BODY. As described for Pa. continentalis , except as follows: length 1.6 mm.

MALE ABDOMEN. S5 broad, uniformly long-setose with a distinct, rectangular, posteromedial lobe with dense posterior setulae. S6 with an elongate, posteriorly-projecting setulose lobe located behind posteromedial lobe of S5. Surstylus long but low, bilobed: anterior lobe elongate, bare, and almost folded posteroventrally so it runs parallel with ventral surface of epandrium, posterior lobe rounded and setose. Postgonite short but broad, slightly bent at about midlength, apical half with an anterodorsal triangular lobe and two posteroventral triangular lobes flanking a rounded ventral emargination (exaggerating depth of emargination), apex rounded. Phallapodeme elongate, apex broadened and tapered; basiphallus large, triangular in lateral view and V-shaped in dorsal view, with an elongate, apically rounded and downturned epiphallus. Distiphallus stout, largely membranous, supported by curled, weakly sclerotized lateral sclerites.

FEMALE ABDOMEN. Female unknown.

Distribution

Indomalayan: Indonesia (Bali) ( Hayashi 2013).

Remarks

The above redescription of Pa. tropicalis is based on Hayashi’s (2013) description of the species.

Parapterogramma tropicalis, Pa. continentalis , and Pa. poeciloptera form a distinct clade within Parapterogramma (see discussion of Minialula in Introduction). Parapterogramma tropicalis is externally almost identical to M. continentalis , from which it can be distinguished by its posteromedially protruding male S5 and rounded postgonite apex; it can be distinguished from Pa. poeciloptera by the stout, apicoventral bristle on the male mid tibia.