Pseudopterogramma siamense Papp, 2008

Kuwahara, Gregory K., Marshall, Stephen A. & Luk, Stephen P. L., 2025, A revision of Parapterogramma Papp and Pseudopterogramma Papp, with a review of the Parapterogramma genus group of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae), European Journal of Taxonomy 998, pp. 1-124 : 109-114

Pseudopterogramma siamense Papp, 2008

Figs 66–67 , 68J , 69

Pseudopterogramma siamensis Papp, 2008: 102 .

Pseudopterogramma siamense – Marshall et al. 2011: 264.

Type material

Holotype

THAILAND – Phatthalung • ♂; Khao Pu–Khao Ya National Park ; 21 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; along a forest brook below the (Pam Yam) waterfall; HNHM.

Paratypes

THAILAND – Chiang Mai • 2 ♂♂; Doi Inthanon National Park, Pha Sum Ran Waterfall ; 30 Oct. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; forest and along the brook; HNHM . – Nan • 3 ♀♀; along the rivulet above Mae Charim waterfall; 6 Nov. 2004; L. Papp leg.; HNHM • 1 ♀; Ban Na Lae, near Pua ; 5 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; over a rocky forest brook; HNHM • 2 ♀♀; Mae Charim ; 5 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; dry forest; HNHM • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; over and along the rivulet above Mae Charim waterfall; 7–8 Nov. 2004; L. Papp leg.; HNHM . – Phatthalung • 11 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; HNHM • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Phattalung Wildlife Breeding Research Centre ; 20 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; along a forest brook; HNHM . – Trang • 1 ♂; Ban Liphang ; 16 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; over a shadowed slow brook; HNHM • 1 ♂; Khao Chong Botanical Garden ; 20 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; along a forest path; HNHM • 11 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Khao Chong Botanical Garden ; 22 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; rainforest; HNHM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 18 Nov. 2004; HNHM • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Palian District, Nam Tok Nam Pan Forest Park; 17 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; over streams and vegetation around waterfalls; HNHM • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Thung Khai Botanical Garden ; 19 Nov. 2004; L. Papp and M. Földvári leg.; primary lowland rainforest; HNHM .

Material examined

INDIA – Karnataka • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 12 km SW of Yellapur ; 500 m a.s.l.; 7 Jul.–14 Aug. 1984; B. Gill leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU . – Tamil Nadu • 1 ♀; Mudumalai National Park ; 900 m a.s.l.; 20–30 Jul. 1984; B. Gill leg.; flight-intercept trap; DEBU .

INDONESIA – Aceh • 1 ♂; Gunung Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station ; 3°41′ N, 97°39′ E; 350 m a.s.l.; 9–21 Sep. 1989; D.C. Darling leg.; primary rainforest, young forest, terrace 3, closed canopy, Malaise trap pans; ROME • 2 ♂♂; Mount Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station ; 350 m a.s.l.; 3–10 Sep. 1989; B. Hubley and D.C. Darling leg.; young forest, closed canopy, Malaise head; ROME • 1 ♀; Mount Leuser National Park, Ketambe Research Station; 350 m a.s.l.; 4 Sep. 1989; B. Hubley leg.; screen sweep along Alas River ; ROME . – Lampung • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Krakatoa Island, Rakata , west ridge; 260 m a.s.l.; 19–22 Sep. 1984; 1984 Zoological Expedition to the Krakataus; water (pan) trap; ANIC . – West Kalimantan • 2 ♀♀; Gunung Palung National Park, Cabang Panti Research Station ; 1°15′ S, 110°05′ E; 100 m a.s.l.; 15 Jun.–1 Jul. 1991; Darling, Rosichon and Sutrisno leg.; primary rainforest (GP-11), sandstone, closed canopy, fine Malaise trap (head); ROME .

MALAYSIA – Kuala Lumpur • 1 ♀; Kuala Lumpur ; 29 Aug. 1979; C.M. Francis leg.; CNCI • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Kuala Lumpur, Ulu Gombak Field Study Centre ; 8–14 Feb. 1980; ROME • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 22 Feb. 1980; DEBU . – Pahang • 2 ♂♂; Ringlet ; 1150 m a.s.l.; 12 Jan. 1990; J.R. Vockeroth leg.; stream in rainforest; CNCI . – Sabah • 1 ♀; Mount Kinabalu National Park, Poring Hot Springs ; 500–530 m a.s.l.; 9 May 1987; A. Smetana leg.; DEBU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 500 m a.s.l.; 19 Aug. 1988; DEBU . – Terengganu • 1 ♀; 7 km NW of Kg. Ayer Putek ; 100 m a.s.l.; 27 Feb.–2 Mar. 1990; M.J. Sharkey leg.; pan & flight-intercept traps; DEBU .

NEPAL – Madhesh • 2 ♀♀; Lothar ; 137 m a.s.l.; 11 Sep. 1967; Canadian Nepal Expedition leg.; Malaise trap; CNCI .

PHILIPPINES – Laguna • 1 ♀; Los Baños, Mount Makiling , trail; 14°08′46″ N, 121°13′50″ E; 300– 500 m a.s.l.; 20–30 Mar. 2010; S.A. Marshall leg.; DEBU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding, UPLB . – Negros Oriental • 1 ♀; Cuernos de Negros , 7 km W of Valencia; 700 m a.s.l.; 31 Mar.–8 Apr. 1987; D.C. Darling leg.; primary forest edge, Malaise trap & pans; ROME .

SINGAPORE • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve ; 23 Jan. 1990; J.R. Vockeroth leg.; DEBU • 2 ♀♀; National University of Singapore , Prince George Park Residence; 5 Apr. 2017; NUS Insect Survey Project leg.; LKCNHM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 26 Apr. 2017; LKCNHM • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3 May 2017; DEBU • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 28 Jun. 2017; DEBU • 1 ♂; National University of Singapore , Ridge View Residence; 14 Jun. 2017; NUS Insect Survey Project leg.; LKCNHM • 1 ♂; National University of Singapore , University Hall; 24 May 2017; NUS Insect Survey Project leg.; LKCNHM • 1 ♀; Nee Soon Swamp Forest (NSM2); 17 Dec. 2014; Singapore Mangrove Insect Project leg.; LKCNHM • 1 ♀; same collection as for preceding; 29 Apr. 2015; LKCNHM .

VIETNAM – Ninh Bình • 2 ♂♂; Cuc Phuong National Park ; 20°21′13″ N, 105°35′14″ E; 350– 500 m a.s.l.; 2 May 2013; Marshall & Paiero leg.; DEBU .

Redescription

BODY ( Fig. 66 ). Length 1.2–1.5 mm. Head orange-brown, darkened at level of ocelli, orbital plates, and interfrontal plate. Interfrontal bristles in four pairs. Thorax brown, scutum orange-brown and dull; scutellum brown. Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 7–8 rows of acrostichal setulae. Fore and hind tibia with yellow median band (sometimes indistinct), mid leg and femora brown. Ventral surface of male mid tibia with two rows of stout setae along apical quarter; mid femur with two corresponding rows of proximoventral setae. Wing ( Fig. 68J ) infuscate with several pale vertical bands. R 2+3 gently sinuate, apical curve much stronger than basal curve.

MALE ABDOMEN. Sternite 5 broad, sparsely setose with a broad posteromedial emargination. S6 elongate, right side (apex) greatly expanded. Epandrium wedge-shaped and uniformly setose; cercus large, subtriangular, with 2 long setae and several smaller setulae. Surstylus bilobed: anterior lobe smaller and subrectangular, posteroventrally with a rounded emargination, posterior lobe larger and diamond-shaped (i.e. broadest at the middle and tapered apically), both lobes with several long ventral setae. Postgonite long, slightly sinuate and tapered with apex pointed. Phallapodeme long, curved apically and with a broad dorsal ‘fin’; basiphallus tall, 2.7 × as tall as long, constricted around basal third. Distiphallus large, box-like, with a large, broad ventral sclerite, a pair of long, dorsoventrally flattened, hoop-like dorsolateral sclerites supporting the membranous sides, and curved, wedge-shaped apical sclerite; lateral membrane with spinules.

MALE GENITALIA. Illustrated in Papp (2008: figs 121, 125–129).

FEMALE ABDOMEN ( Fig. 67 ). T7 desclerotized posteromedially. Epiproct broad, pentagonal, emarginate posteromedially. Cercus semicircular with thickened apical seta and three long preapical setae. S8 subtriangular with transverse desclerotized strip splitting large anterior part (with long lateral setae) from small posterior part (with four fine setae). Hypoproct trough-shaped. Spermathecae stout, spherical, and lightly grooved with deep basal invagination.

Distribution

Indomalayan: India (new record), Indonesia (new record), Malaysia (new record), Nepal (new record), Philippines (new record), Singapore (new record), Thailand ( Papp 2008), Vietnam (new record).

Remarks

The only difference Papp (2008) noted between Ps. siamense and Ps. insulare , originally described on the basis of a single female from Papua New Guinea, is that the postgonite of the latter is “less medially curved” than that of the former. Papp’s (2008) illustrations of the male terminalia of a specimen of Ps. insulare from Indonesia (Sulawesi) and the male terminalia of a specimen of Ps. siamense from Thailand seem to be almost identical, both corresponding to the several specimens of Ps. siamense we have examined (including specimens from western Indonesia). We suspect that the two species are the same but we have not had the opportunity to directly compare type specimens (see discussion under Ps. insulare above). Illustrations of the male genitalia are not provided here as Papp’s (2008) illustrations are adequate.

Figures

Fig. 66. Pseudopterogramma siamense Papp, 2008 (ROME). A. Male habitus, lateral view. B. Male head, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.50 mm; B = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 67. Pseudopterogramma siamense Papp, 2008 (DEBU). A. Female terminalia, dorsal view. B. Female terminalia, ventral view. C. Female terminalia, lateral view. D. Single spermatheca. E. Paired spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.30 mm; D–E = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 68. Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008, left wings, ventral views. A. Ps. aestivale (Richards, 1973) (QMBA). B. Ps. annectens (Richards, 1964) (CAS). C. Ps. brevivenosum (Tenorio, 1967) (DEBU). D. Ps. conicum (Richards, 1946) (DEBU). E. Ps. fenestrata (Richards, 1973) (QMBA). F. Ps. fijiensis sp. nov., paratype (BPBM). G. Ps. kasut sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). H. Ps. ketambensis sp. nov., paratype (ROME). I. Ps. metatarsalis (Papp, 2008) (LKCNMH). J. Ps. siamense Papp, 2008 (ROME). Scale bars: A–J = 0.50 mm.

Fig. 69. Distribution map of Pseudopterogramma Papp, 2008.