Parapterogramma bicolor, Kuwahara & Marshall & Luk, 2025

Kuwahara, Gregory K., Marshall, Stephen A. & Luk, Stephen P. L., 2025, A revision of Parapterogramma Papp and Pseudopterogramma Papp, with a review of the Parapterogramma genus group of the Pacific and Indomalayan regions (Diptera, Sphaeroceridae, Limosininae), European Journal of Taxonomy 998, pp. 1-124 : 14-18

Parapterogramma bicolor sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:703C22ED-5B41-41A8-9E49-9F1A31E6AD83

Figs 3–5 , 40B , 42

Etymology

This species name (from the Latin ‘ bicolor ’, ‘of two colours’) refers to the bicoloured thorax: yellow dorsally and dark brown laterally and ventrally.

Material examined

Holotype

FIJI – Taveuni • ♂; Cakaudrove, 5.5 km SE of Tavuki Village; 16°50′35″ S, 179°57′58″ W; 1188 m a.s.l.; 30 Jun.–14 Aug. 2004; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; rainforest; Malaise; BPBM.

Paratypes

FIJI – Taveuni • 1 ♂; Cakaudrove, Tavuki Village, Mount Devo ; 16°50′13″ S, 179°58′23″ W; 892 m a.s.l.; 14–31 Jul. 2004; Schlinger and Tokoka’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16°49′52″ S, 179°58′48″ W; 734 m a.s.l.; 30 Jun.–14 Aug. 2004; BPBM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cakaudrove, 5.3 km SE of Tavuki Village, Mount Devo ; 16°50′28″ S, 179°58′05″ W; 1064 m a.s.l.; 20–27 Dec. 2002; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 31 Jul.–14 Aug. 2004; BPBM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16°50′27″ S, 179°58′04″ W; 31 Oct.–14 Nov. 2002; DEBU • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Cakaudrove , 5.6 km SE of Tavuki Village; 3–10 Jan. 2003; Schlinger and Tokota’a leg.; rainforest, Malaise; DEBU • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 7–23 Oct. 2004; P. Vodo leg.; BPBM • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Cakaudrove, Devo Forest Reserve ; 800 m a.s.l.; 16°50′ S, 179°59′ E; 3–10 Jan. 2003; Irwin, Schlinger, and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Cakaudrove, Devo Peak ; 10–15 Jan. 2003; Irwin, Schlinger, and Tokota’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; Cakaudrove, Devo Peak Radio Tower ; 16°51′ S, 179°58′ E; 1200 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct.–21 Nov. 2002; Irwin, Schlinger and Tokoka’a leg.; rainforest Malaise; DEBU . – Vanua Levu • 2 ♀♀; Bua, 6 km NW of Kilaka Village, Batiqere Range ; 16°48′40″ S, 178°59′17″ E; 61 m a.s.l.; 3–10 Apr. 2004; Schlinger and Tokoka’a leg.; Malaise; BPBM • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16°48′55″ S, 178°59′11″ E; 146 m a.s.l.; 15–28 Apr. 2004; DEBU • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16°43′54″ S, 178°59′59″ E; 113 m a.s.l.; 3–15 Jun. 2004; BPBM • 1 ♂; Bua, Kilaka Village ; 16°41′02″ S, 178°59′02″ E; 28 Jun.–2 Jul. 2004; 154 m a.s.l.; Irwin, Schlinger, and Tokoka’ a leg.; Malaise; DEBU .

Description

BODY ( Fig. 3 ). Length 1.0– 1.3 mm. Head yellow with a brown crescent around each ocellus and silvery-yellow microtomentum on interfrontal plates, ocellar triangle, orbital plates, and occiput; gena yellow; antennal pedicel yellow, scape and flagellum brown, flagellum pale-haired on distal half. Frontal width 2.5× interfrontal height. Eye height 2.1× genal height. Thorax bicoloured: lower third of anepisternum and below dark brown, upper two-thirds yellow with medial brown spot; scutum moderately shiny, yellow with dark brown microtomentum restricted to two spots on posterior margin; scutellum yellow, somewhat brownish along margins. Anterior dorsocentral bristles separated by 7–8 rows of acrostichal setulae. Legs yellowish brown, mid and hind tibiae and tarsi darker. Male mid tibia with long apicoventral bristle only. Wing ( Fig. 40B ) pattern strong. CS2 0.5 × CS3. R 2+3 broadly curved in apical half, angled at ~80° to costa; costa extending well beyond apex of R 4+5 (5–6× costal width). M 1 indistinct beyond dm-m; M

4

extending beyond dm-m; CuA+CuP long. Halter pale brown.

MALE ABDOMEN ( Fig. 4 ). S5 broad, deeply posteromedially desclerotized and sparsely long-setose. S6 sinuate. Cercus flat, subquadrate with three setae; subepandrial sclerite indistinct but dorsomedially darkened. Surstylus long but low, bilobed: anterior lobe larger, triangular, largely bare with slightly flared anteroventral apex, posterior lobe rectangular (apically truncate), curved, with 4–5 long ventral setae. Postgonite short but broad, curved, evenly tapered, anterior half pale. Phallapodeme elongate, gently curved with tooth-like anteromedial lobe and pointed apex; basiphallus large, ring-shaped with an elongate, flattened, apically rounded, spoon-shaped epiphallus. Distiphallus stout, largely membranous, basal half with a broad, W-shaped sclerite and a pair of smaller lateral sclerites, apex supported by weakly sclerotized upper and lower sclerites.

FEMALE ABDOMEN ( Fig. 5 ). T6 and T7 well-developed, rectangular and long-setose along posterior margin; T8 split into two large, sparsely setose, subquadrate, lateral plates. Epiproct membranous and posteriorly microtomentose. S6 rectangular and long-setose along posterior margin; S7 rectangular and posteriorly long-setose with broad posterior emargination; S8 pentagonal, fitting into emargination of S7, with a row of six posteromedial setae. Hypoproct rectangular, largely membranous except for a sclerotized, setulose posterior part. Spermathecae elongate, cylindrical, and deeply grooved with large basal and apical invaginations, each invagination with a finger-like central projection, stem short and membranous.

Remarks

While Pa. bicolor sp. nov. is externally very different from Pa. simplex sp. nov., which has distinct scutal stripes and microtomentum, the male genitalia of these two species are remarkably similar. The shape of the surstylus, postgonites, and basiphallus are almost identical, with some slight differences between them (in Pa. bicolor , the posterior lobe of the surstylus is thinner and apically truncate with longer ventral setae, and the postgonite has a tooth-like anterior lobe at about midlength). Externally, Pa. bicolor resembles species of Pseudopterogramma in having a shiny head and scutum with very limited microtomentum, but it is diagnosed as a species of Parapterogramma by the small microtomentose patches on the head and costa extending well beyond R

4+5

.

Figures

Fig. 3. Parapterogramma bicolor sp. nov., holotype (debu00070134, BPBM). A. Male habitus, lateral view. B. Male head, anterodorsal view. Scale bars: A = 0.50 mm; B = 0.25 mm.

Fig. 4. Parapterogramma bicolor sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). A. Male terminalia, posterior view. B. Male terminalia, lateral view. C. Aedeagus and associated structures, lateral view. D. Male S5–8, ventral view. Scale bars: A–D = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 5. Parapterogramma bicolor sp. nov., paratype (BPBM). A. Female terminalia, dorsal view. B. Female terminalia, ventral view. C. Female terminalia, lateral view. D. Single spermatheca. E. Paired spermathecae. Scale bars: A–C = 0.30 mm; D–E = 0.01 mm.

Fig. 40. Parapterogramma Papp, 2008, left wings, ventral views. A. Parapterogramma asiaticum Papp, 2008 (LKCNHM). B. Parapterogramma bicolor sp. nov., paratype (BPBM). C. Parapterogramma dentatum sp. nov., holotype (DEBU). D. Parapterogramma digitisternum sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). E. Parapterogramma gonitellum sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). F. Parapterogramma hieroglyphicum sp. nov., paratype (BPBM). G. Parapterogramma magnum sp. nov., paratype (QMBA). H. Parapterogramma matau sp. nov., paratype (DEBU). Scale bars: A–H = 0.50 mm.

Fig. 42. Distribution map of Parapterogramma Papp, 2008.