Clinotarsus curtipes ( Jerdon, 1853 )

Raj, Prudhvi, Vasudevan, Karthikeyan, Dutta, Sushil Kumar, Sahoo, Gunanidhi, Mahapatra, Susmita & Sharma, Richa, 2023, Larval morphology of selected anuran species from India, Alytes 39 - 40, pp. 1-140 : 82-86

publication ID

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16896351

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:AD2E3DAB-560A-4F9A-9741-815C9753D92A

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16902801

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A017A56-FF83-FFB9-FE4D-FB63FEBBFCAC

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Clinotarsus curtipes ( Jerdon, 1853 )
status

 

S20. Clinotarsus curtipes ( Jerdon, 1853) View in CoL ( fig. 41‒42 View Figure 41 View Figure 42 )

Larval series examined. WT 020 and WT 022.22309, ( Karean Shola , Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamilnadu, India; 10.97095 N, 76.83297 E); GoogleMaps WT 071.101210 (Wyanad Wildlife Scantury, Sulthan Bathery, Kerala, India; 11.70350 N, 76.40364 E). Tadpoles were collected in small streams from a depth of about two feet. The flow of the stream was moderate. Substratum of the stream was with gravel. In many other places, tadpoles were also found in large pond. The tadpoles were benthic GoogleMaps .

Notes. Taxonomic verification was done using the partial sequence of 16S rRNA (OQ079496) generated from the tadpole voucher WT 071. It showed no sequence divergence compared to the published Genbank sequence ( AF 249058 View Materials ) from a taxonomically identified specimen of Clinotarsus curtipes . Tadpole descriptions of this species were earlier made by Rao (1914), Lobo (1961), Sekar (1990 b), James et al. (2000) and Hiragond et al. (2001).

External morphology. Description of a tadpole at Gosner stage 37. Body large and robust; elliptical and globular in dorsal and lateral perspectives ( fig. 41a‒b View Figure 41 ). Body length 34.5 % of total length; maximum body diameter at the centre of abdomen. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral perspectives. Eyes large, located and oriented dorsolaterally; distance between eye and nostril 44.6 % of distance between eye and snout. Nostril opening oblong and spaced moderately apart, closer to eye than to snout, placed parallel to eye in dorsal view; inter-narial distance is 46.2 % of inter-orbital distance; distance between nostril and snout 31.8 % of body length. Spiracle sinistral with inner wall completely formed and posterior end free from body; tube orientation posterolateral, its opening located below the medial and above the lateral side of venter. Distance between spiracle and snout 62.5 % of body length. Opening of vent tube dextral with right wall attached to tail fin parallel and slightly dorsal to left wall. Tail tip rounded; musculature tallest at body tail-junction, tapering beyond. Dorsal fin originating at junction between body and tail, ventral fin originating at ventral terminus; dorsal fin wider than ventral fin. maximum height of caudal fin at mid-length. Height of tail muscle 97 % width of tail muscle at tail-body junction. Tail (caudal) musculature accounting for 66.1 % of height of tail. Lateral line visible. Several glands present on body; a pair of large glands present behind eyes; few glands present along anterior portion of dorsal fin margin.

Oral disc nearly ventral in location ( fig. 41c View Figure 41 ). Rostral width of oral disc 42.9 % of maximum body width, not emarginated; not visible dorsally; single row of marginal papillae at lateral commissures and lower labium; two rows of submarginal papillae at lateral commissures and on lower labium; both labia of equal size. Labial tooth row formula A8(3‒8)/P7(1). Order of lengths of labial tooth rows A1 = A2> P2 = P3 = P4 = P5> P1> A3> P6> A4> A5> A6> P7>A7. Jaw sheaths well developed, and both jaw sheaths moderately keratinized. Jaw sheath margins uniformly serrated with large serrations; supra-rostrodont longer than wide and convex, with median region protruding towards posterior; infra-rostrodont U-shaped, convex laterally and concave medially.

Measurements of 51 tadpoles at various Gosner stages (26‒28, 35‒37) are given in tab. 19 View Table 19 .

Coloration. In life, dorsal body smoky black with many dark spots. Ventral integument smoky black and opaque. Caudal fin musculature smoky black, however lighter than dorsal body, spotted with small to medium sized melanophores; dorsal and ventral fins translucent. Spiracle, oral disc and vent tube translucent, dotted with few melanophores.

Buccopharyngeal morphology. Buccal roof ( fig. 42a‒b View Figure 42 ). Prenarial arena of roof with a smooth transverse ridge. Internal nares transverse, oriented medially; gap between nares narrow, less than half the length of each nare; anterior narial wall smooth and with a long, pustulose papilla at lateral corner; posterior wall smooth and valvular. Postnarial arena with a tall pustulose papilla located immediately behind nare oriented medially. Tiny papillae (~ four to five) present in front of median ridge papilla. Median ridge papilla triangular with a pustulated tip. Lateral ridge papillae absent. BRA loosely defined without any BRA papillae; about 30 to 40 tiny pustules spread uniformly across BRA. Glandular zone thick, prominent and smooth. Dorsal velum raised and discontinuous; few marginal projections present medially.

Buccal floor ( fig. 42c‒d View Figure 42 ). Prelingual arena composed of a long, dilated and flapped palp located at posterolateral corner on each side of jaw sheath; many tiny pustules on margin of the palp. Tongue anlage low; lingual papillae absent. BFA poorly defined; anterior region of BFA smooth; posterior region of BFA suffused with about 60 unequally sized conical papillae spread across evenly; lateral corners of BFA bounded by six papillae beginning diagonally anterior to buccal pocket and continuing along posterior-lateral region of floor on each side. About 10 tiny papillae spread across evenly between BFA and margin of velum; space between tongue anlage and buccal pockets with about 10 pustules; buccal pockets opening wide and transversely arranged; pocket papillae absent. Ventral velum wide and sinuate; margin with ten projections; two outer projections on each side longer and widely placed apart, other papillae concentrated around centre; median notch not prominent; outer margin smooth with no spicules. Glottis exposed behind ventral velum.

Denticles ( fig. 42e View Figure 42 ) closely packed and strongly curved towards mouth at apex. Oral angle straight with a slight curvature anteriorly; sheath narrow with body slightly broad; head of denticle uniformly broad throughout with 12‒16 long and feebly curved cusps.

Each serration ( fig. 42f View Figure 42 ) on jaw sheath with a wide base and a broadly rounded head.

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Amphibia

Order

Anura

Family

Ranidae

Genus

Clinotarsus

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