Cuphodes maculosa Turner, 1940

Prins, Jurate De, Hartley, Diana, Sruoga, Virginijus, Nicholls, James, Wallace, Jesse & Zwick, Andreas, 2025, Diversity of Australian Ornixolinae (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) with taxonomic and nomenclatural acts within the related taxa (Acrocercopinae and Gracillariinae) based on the evidence of museomics, bionomics, and mitogenomics, Zootaxa 5616 (1), pp. 1-340 : 63-65

Cuphodes maculosa Turner, 1940

( Figs 57, 58, 72, 96, 97, 108, 120, 129, 637)

“ Cuphodes maculosa n. sp. ”—Turner, A.J., 1940. Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of South Australia 64 (1): 53.

Cuphodes maculosa — Nielsen & Kumata 1996: 48; De Prins & De Prins 2005: 167.

Type locality: [ Australia], Queensland, Brisbane.

Type specimens: 9 syntypes (♂ and ♀) (8 syntypes, in ANIC (Canberra)) .

Lectotype designation: Hereby we designate as the lectotype of the species Cuphodes maculosa Turner, 1940 the specimen ( Fig. 57) without abdomen, but otherwise fully representing the species, belonging to the syntype series and carrying the following labels: [1] ‘Bundaberg/Q.[Queensland] 24-6-24‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2]’ Phrixosceles / maculosa /TYPE Turn.’ (handwritten in black Indian ink on a beige paper), [3] ‘ HOLOTYPE /C uphodes / maculosa Turn. ’ (the word Holotype printed, the species name handwritten in black Indian ink on a red hard carton paper), [4] ‘ ANIC /Image’ (printed on orange paper), [5] SYNTYPE /no holotype designated/in original description/det. T. Pleines 2023 (printed on white paper), [6] ‘ ANIC Database No./31 087220’ (printed on white paper), DNA sample (one leg) NULT022995 (not successful), in ANIC (Canberra).

Paralectotypes 7 specimens: Paralectotype specimen 1, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 29-9- 28‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ‘ Barcode of Life /DNA Voucher specimen/ Smple [sic] ID: 11 ANIC-16247 /BOLD Proc. ID: ANICY 247-11’(printed on yellow paper), [3] ANIC / Image’ (printed on orange paper), [4] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [5] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 053582’ (printed on white paper), in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 2, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 21-8-26‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ‘ Barcode of Life /DNA Voucher specimen/ Smple [sic] ID: 11 ANIC-16248 /BOLD Proc. ID: ANICY 248-11’(printed on yellow paper), [3] ANIC / Image’ (printed on orange paper), [4] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [5] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 053583’ (printed on white paper), in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 3, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 24-6-24‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ANIC /Image’ (printed on orange paper), [3] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [4] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 087221’ (printed on white paper), in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 4, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 24-6-24‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ANIC /Image’ (printed on orange paper), [3] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [4] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 087222’ (printed on white paper), in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 5, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 21-8-26‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ANIC /Image’ (printed on orange paper), [3] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [4] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 087223’ (printed on white paper), DNA sample NULT023116, genitalia slide ANIC 6279 , in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 6 ( Fig. 72), without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 20-8-26‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), [2] ANIC /Image’ (printed on orange paper), [3] ‘ SYNTYPE / Cuphodes maculosa / Turner, 1940 / Type status assessed by T. Pleines, 2023’ (printed on red paper), [4] ‘ ANIC Database No. /31 087224’ (printed on white paper), in ANIC (Canberra) .

Paralectotype specimen 7, without abdomen: [1] ‘ Bundaberg /Q.[Queensland] 20-8-26‘(locality name printed on dark beige paper, Q.[ueensland] and date handwritten with black Indian ink), in ANIC (Canberra) .

The lectotype is designated as part of our taxonomic work to enhance the stability of nomenclature ( Declaration 44— Amendment of Article 74.7.3) with a purpose to delineate this species-group taxon Cuphodes maculosa Turner, 1940 . This designation will preserve stability in nomenclature ( ICZN Recommendation 74A). We gave the preference to the specimen indicated as the ‘Holotype’ in the Australian National Insect Collection which is digitized by the Digitization group for the online ANIC species portal ( ICZN Recommendations 74B, C, D). The locality of the lectotype specimen is verified ( ICZN Recommendation 74E). The syntype specimens with the same label data as of the lectotype are designated as the paralectotypes ( ICZN Recommendation 74F) .

Other specimens examined that do not belong to the Type specimens: Specimen 1(♀): Queensland, 26.1836°S 152.6624°E, Gympie, 22 km SE, Skyring Creek , 17 October 1975, leg. I. F. B. Common, DNA sample NULT022977, genitalia slide ANIC 6268 , ANIC Acc. no 31 085614. Specimen 2(♀): Queensland, 26.1836°S 152.6624°E, Gympie, 22 km SE, Skyring Creek , 17 October 1975, leg. I. F. B. Common, DNA sample NULT022737, genitalia slide ANIC 6266 , ANIC Acc. no 31 085612 ( Fig. 58). Specimen 3(♂): 23.3786°S 150.5089°E, Rockhampton, Fairy Bower, 07 March 1948, leg. I. F. B. Common, DNA sample NULT022852, genitalia slide ANIC 6267 , ANIC Acc. no 31 085613 ( Fig. 57). Specimen 4: 23.3786°S 150.5089°E, Rockhampton, Fairy Bower, 07 March 1948, Barcode of Life DNA voucher specimen, Sample ID: 11 ANIC-16246 , BOLD Proc. ID: ANICY246-11, ANIC Acc. no 31 053581, leg. I. F. B. Common, in ANIC (Canberra) .

Morphological diagnostic characterisation. This species might share the same species group with C. habrophanes , but the wing pattern of C. maculosa as described below is diagnostic. This species can be identified based on external characters, especially these of the forewing pattern, the presence of dark brown, almost black apex of tibia is a highly diagnostic character too; however, a better and more reliable character set for identification and diagnosis is found in micromorphology of genitalia (males and females) and mitogenomic data. Wingspan 5.5–6.1 mm; length of the forewing 2.6–2.9 mm ( Figs 57, 58, 72, 96, 97).

Head ( Fig. 72): vertex smooth, white with slight golden shine, a lateral tuft of bright yellow erect scales above the eye, occiput dirty white with two tufts of dark brown scales directed posteriorly, frons smooth, shining white, scales are pressed in more or less rectangular shape; maxillary palpus super tiny, triangular, with slightly uplifted apex; labial palpus slender, gently curved upwards, with sharp apex. Antenna ca. 1/3 longer than forewing, light beige with golden shine, flagellomeres with slightly darker almost ochreous apices; apex of scape and base of pedicel black, the character, that makes this species easily diagnosable, pecten not perceptible.

Thorax ( Figs 57, 58): light ochreous, tegula light ochreous with white apices; ground colour of forewing yellow ochreous, the ornaments without any defined geometrical markings, but prolonged patches and stripes of different thickness and length and of lighter shading than the ground colour of forewing, sub-basal area of dorsal margin with irroration of black tiny dots; sub-apical are of forewing is marked by thin lack lines, the longest on costa; apical spot is a short stripe consisting of 2–3 vertical rows of black scales; apical line gently running around termen and tornus, fringe line only at tornus, a darker shaded short fringe is present at apex; all three pairs of legs and especially forelegs are thick, with rows of long hanging piliform scales, hind tibia with characteristic for Ornixolinae spiculose scales; black apices of hind tarsomeres is a species diagnostic character.

Abdomen ( Figs 120, 129): chestnut brown dorsally with strong ochreous shine of terga II–IV. Margins of abdominal opening on sternum II narrowly but strongly sclerotised, ventral crossing joint concave, very narrowly sclerotised with broader dorsal and ventral parts of the joint; corners of abdominal opening gently rounded, sternal apodemes initiating at the corners of abdominal opening are strongly sclerotised with broader bases and sharply pointed apices almost reaching the mid of sternum II; tergal apodemes initiate at the sides of the margin on tergum I, very broad all along their length with sharped and hooked apical parts; terminating beyond the mid of segment II. In males, the anterior margin of sternum VI is narrowly but visibly sclerotised with a long, sclerotised, digitiform appendix at the midline of sternum VI, two bunches of long curved, piliform androconial brushes of coremata are present on sternum VII in males with an anterior conical androconial plate. Anterior segments of females without sclerotised markings. In both sexes anterior margin of sternum III with a slightly bent melanised band.

Male genitalia ( Figs 96, 97). Tegumen broad triangular with narrowly but strongly sclerotised margins; uncus and sub-scaphium well developed with small but clearly present gnathos carrying two narrow spiculose socii, valvae with very long curved and strong apodemes, transtilla is absent but the role of transverse support is taken by a very broad and sclerotised basal joint of tegumen; valvae equally broad along entire length, with short and blunt appendix at sacculus, apices of valvae gently rounded; ventral surface of valvae densely covered with long, thin setae, especially at ventral margin, cucullus is with narrow but visible flap, a bunch of strong, long spines is present at bases of valvae; vinculum narrow, U-shaped, with a mid-suture, clearly symmetrically dividing vinculum into equal parts, saccus developed, ca. as long as vinculum, narrow, straight with blunt anterior part. Aedeagus is very long, longer than the genital capsule, with prolonged coecum, and elongated sharply pointed vesica with single long cornutus, extending along the length of vesica.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 108). Papillae anales flattened, fused mainly with their apical parts, immersed into segment VIII, and densely setose, especially lateral sides. Segment VIII, short reduced, weakly sclerotised; apophyses posteriores with slightly broader bases, short and narrow, apophyses anteriores with forked bases and thin, sharp, narrow apical parts, entering the posterior 1/3 of segment VII; sterigmatic sclerotisation plate at posterior 1/3 of segment VII, with sclerotised semi-round lamella post-vaginalis, and slightly enlarged with two melanised folds lamella ante-vaginalis; ostium bursae opens at sub-posterior part of sternum VII, ductus bursae with funnel-shaped, melanised antrum, and strongly sclerotised ductus bursae, with two long invaginations; the distinction between corpus bursae and ductus bursae is clear and abrupt; corpus bursae sac-shaped with a relatively thin wall, carrying a long loop-shaped signum with tiny dental appendages; bulla spermathecae situated at the edge of segment VII; ductus spermathecae with three convolutions.

BOLD data: https://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxon= Cuphodes+maculosa &search Tax=Search+Taxonomy

GenBank data: No data.

Mitogenomic data. The mitochondrial genomes of the four sampled specimens show no significant variation and are very strongly supported as a monophylum by all analyses. The species is strongly supported as sister to C. habrophanes ( Fig. 637).

Bionomics: No data.

Distribution: Australia: Queensland ( Turner 1940: 53).