LAIBALEINI QUICKE, BUTCHER & BELOKOBYLSKIJ, 2020

Quicke, Donald L. J., Belokobylskij, Sergey A., Braet, Yves, Achterberg, Cornelis Van, Hebert, Paul D. N., Prosser, Sean W. J., Austin, Andrew D., Fagan-Jeffries, Erinn P., Ward, Darren F., Shaw, Mark R. & Butcher, Buntika A., 2020, Phylogenetic reassignment of basal cyclostome braconid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera) with description of a new, enigmatic Afrotropical tribe with a highly anomalous 28 S D 2 secondary structure, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 190, pp. 1002-1019 : 1009-1013

TRIBE LAIBALEINI QUICKE, BUTCHER & BELOKOBYLSKIJ TRIB. NOV.

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Type genus: Laibalea Quicke & Butcher , here designated.

Tribal diagnosis: Occipital carina not fused and far removed from hypostomal carina and separately reaching base of mandible ( Fig. 4D, arrows, Fig. 5D). Cyclostome: hypoclypeal depression present and labrum concave and glabrous. Malar suture present ( Fig. 5C). Maxillary palp with six segments; fifth segment partially fused to sixth, approximately half length of sixth. Propleuron with posterodorsal flange. Mesoscutum with midpit posteriorly ( Fig. 6C). Postpectal carina absent. Propodeum areolate ( Fig. 6C). Precoxal sulcus absent. Vein 2CUb of forewing interstitial ( Fig. 4E). Vein 1m-cu short, much shorter than 2RS ( Fig. 4E, F). Vein RS+M long, a little shorter than 2RS. Vein 2a of forewing absent. Hindwing with veins cu-a and m-cu present. Spiracles of tergites 1–6 located in laterotergites, far removed from border with notum. Ovipositor without dorsal nodus; ventral valves with six sharp ventral serrations ( Fig. 6E).

LAIBALEA QUICKE & BUTCHER GEN. NOV.

( FIGS 4–6)

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Etymology: Genus named for Laibale Friedman (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel) in recognition of his expertise in collecting specimens. Gender: feminine.

Type species: Laibalea enigmatica Quicke & Butcher ,

here designated.

Diagnosis:

Head - Terminal flagellomere virtually without apical spine. Flagellar segments each with a few elongate placoid sensilla that extend 80% of length of the flagellomere; internal aperture short, occupying 20% of sensillum length. Scapus long, curved, flaring apically, ~3.0× longer than subglobose pedicellus. Eyes glabrous. Cyclostome (hypoclypeal depression present and labrum concave and glabrous). Malar suture continuous with groove running along anterior border of eye, not reaching base of mandible. Ocelli small, arranged in a triangle with base longer than sides. Antennal sockets situated close to each other. Head dorsally rather densely setose. Frons nearly flat, with weak scrobes behind antennal sockets.

KEY TO TRIBES OF THE SUBFAMILY RHYSSALINAE 1. Vein RS+M of forewing long, a little shorter than 2RS; vein 1m-cu short ( Fig. 4E). Veins 2CU, 2M (sometimes referred to as 2-SR+M being vertical) and 3M (the posterior border of the second submarginal cell) of forewing arising from virtually a single point ( Fig. 4E). Clypeus high ( Fig. 5C). Occipital carina not fused, remaining far removed from hypostomal carina and separately reaching base of mandible ( Fig. 4D). Precoxal sulcus absent ( Fig. 6A) .................................................................................................... Laibaleini Vein RS+M of forewing short, much shorter than 2RS; vein m-cu long. Veins 2CU, 2M (sometimes referred to as 2-SR+M being vertical) and 3M (the posterior border of the second submarginal cell) of forewing arising from two different points. Clypeus low. Occipital carina ventrally fused with hypostomal carina and together reaching base of mandible. Precoxal sulcus almost always present .............................................. 2

2. Postgenal bridge of head wide. Propleuron without posterodorsal flange. Prepectal carina completely absent. Fore-tibia with cluster of numerous spines. Hind-basitarsus almost twice as long as second to fifth tarsal segment combined. First metasomal tergite without dorsope ...................................... Histeromerini Postgenal bridge of head narrow or absent. Propleuron with posterodorsal flange. Prepectal carina present. Fore-tibia without or with a few spines. Hind-basitarsus always shorter than second to fifth tarsal segment combined. First metasomal tergite usually with distinct dorsope ................................................................ 3

3. Eyes distinctly setose.Antenna subclavate.Postpectal carina present.Tarsal claws with small basal lobe.Propodeum densely granulate. Dorsope of the first metasomal tergite indistinct. (Both sexes apterous) ........ Achaiabraconini Eyes glabrous or, rarely, indistinctly setose. Antenna filiform or setiform. Postpectal carina absent. Tarsal claws without distinct basal lobe. Propodeum areolate. Dorsope of first tergite present ............................ 4

4. Forewing marginal cell open apically. First subdiscal cell of forewing widely open. Vein cu-a of hindwing mainly or entirely absent; subbasal cell open. Hind-tibia of male usually distinctly claviform. Second and third metasomal tergite enlarged and more or less covering the following segments. Ovipositor sheath short, not protruding beyond apex of metasoma ............................................................................. Acrisidini Forewing marginal cell closed apically. First subdiscal cell of forewing closed. Vein cu-a of hindwing present; subbasal cell closed. Hind-tibia of male usually not claviform (except many Rhyssalus ). Second and third metasomal tergite not enlarged or weakly enlarged and, usually, almost not covering the following segments (except some genera). Ovipositor sheath distinctly protruding beyond apex of metasoma ......... Rhyssalini

Mesosoma - Pronotum not produced into a conspicuous neck. Antescutal depression present, narrow. Mesoscutum rather overhanging pronotum, densely short-setose, with narrow, longitudinal midpit posteriorly; notauli present anteriorly, not meeting and posteriorly absent. Scutellar sulcus wide, rather flat, bipartite, with single medial carina. Mesopleuron largely smooth, shiny and glabrous except densely setose anteriorly ( Fig. 6A). Mesosternum setose. Prepectal carina absent laterally, present ventrally but weak and largely hidden by large fore-coxae. Precoxal sulcus absent. Median area of metanotum weakly ridged medially but without a distinct carina ( Fig. 6C). Propodeum with midlongitudinal carina on anterior 0.25.

Fo r e w i n g - S e c o n d s u b m a r g i n a l c e l l l a r g e, pentagonal. Vein 1rs-m present with single median bulla. Vein ( RS +M)a weakly curved, not bisinuous. Vein 1cu-a postfurcal. Second subdiscal cell closed distally; vein 2-1A+2cu-a curving to join vein 1CUb shortly before origin of short (almost interstitial) vein m-cu. Veins 2CU, 2M (sometimes referred to as 2-SR+M being vertical) and 3M (the posterior border of the second submarginal cell) arising from virtually a single point. Vein 2-1A+2cu-a continuously tubular and without bulla. Both transverse anal veins (2A and a) absent; veins 1-1A and 2-1A running close to posterior margin of wing.

Hind wing - Vein R 1 long. Veins cu-a and m-cu present.

Legs - Femora of all legs large, swollen, ~5.0× longer than wide in lateral view. Apex of hind-tibia without comb of specialized setae. Hind-basitarsus long, distinctly tapering distally. Claws with small, rounded basal lobes.

Metasoma - First tergite with strongly developed dorsal carinae that protrude anteriorly, forming a pair of crests, and run separately to posterior margin of tergum, defining a triangular area; dorsope moderately deep. Median tergites of segments 2–6 marginally less strongly sclerotized than laterotergites, but far from membranous, without sculpture. Suture between second and third metasomal tergites only indicated laterally; third tergite with single transverse, subposterior row of long setae.