Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938

Henrard, Arnaud, Jocqué, Rudy & Carvalho, Leonardo S., 2025, Three new Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938 species from Brazil (Araneae, Zodariidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 1004, pp. 92-119 : 94-96

Genus Cybaeodamus Mello-Leitão, 1938

Hyltoniella Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Jocqué 1991: 49 (in synonymy).

Valcheta Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Jocqué 1991: 49 (in synonymy).

Type species

Cybaeodamus ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1938 ; gender masculine.

Diagnosis

Cybaeodamus can be recognized by the combination of following characters: both sexes have the chelicerae densely covered with setae ( Fig. 14G ), and the coxae IV are positioned close to each other, sometimes touching in males ( Figs 1B–C , 7C , 10B , 14C, I ). Additionally, males are recognized by having at least two tegular apophyses – a median apophysis and a terminal, sclerotized conductor-like appendage – and are further characterized by a field of densely packed modified setae on the venter of the abdomen ( Figs 3B–F , 10K–L , 14C–H ; see also Lise et al. 2009: figs 13–14, 35; and Andía & Grismado 2015: fig. 4b–c). Females are distinguished by the epigyne with strongly sclerotized areas on both sides and anteriorly delimited by deep arches ( Figs 6C , 9A–C ).

Description

See Jocqué (1991).

Distribution

South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay.

Key to species

Males

Remarks: the male of Cybaeodamus lentiginosus (Simon, 1905) is unknown.

1. Conductor with three extensions ( Figs 5–6 ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 2, 29–30, 45; Andía & Grismado 2015: fig. 3a); MA long, transverse, originating centrally ( Figs 5–6 ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 2–3, 22, 29–30, 42, 45) ................................................................................................................................... 2

– Conductor claw-shaped or folded ( Figs 12B, D–E ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 37, 63–54); MA sickle- or axe-shaped, originating retrolateral of centre ( Figs 12B–E ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 37, 39, 65) ......... 7

2. Embolus origin retrobasal ( Figs 5B–E , 6A ; Lise et al. 2009: fig.45); subtegulum situated centrobasally ( Figs 5D–E , 6A ; Lise et al. 2009: fig. 45) ........................................................................................ 3

– Embolus origin probasal ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 29, 50, 54); subtegulum placed retrobasally ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 29, 50, 54) ............................................................................................................... 4

3. Chelicerae with one tooth on promargin only ( Fig. 3A ); abdomen venter with patch of modified, ampullate setae ( Fig. 3B–F ); RTA with long superior prong (longer than wide) provided with notched tip ( Figs 5B–C , 6B ) ...................................................................... Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov.

– Chelicerae with two teeth on promargin and one tooth on retromargin; abdomen venter with patch of needle-like setae ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 46–47); RTA with shorter prong (as wide as long) provided with two sharp apical extensions ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 44) ............................................................... .............................................................................. Cybaeodamus enigmaticus ( Mello-Leitão, 1939)

4. Sternum with deep lateral depressions ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 25); coxae III–IV with basoventral tubercles ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 25); RTA with ventro-subapical hook-shaped extension ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 24) ......................................................... Cybaeodamus taim Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

– Sternum and coxae unmodified; RTA without subapical extension ................................................. 5

5. Abdomen venter with patch of serrate setae ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 13–14); RTA with overlapping lamellate extensions ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 3) ..................................................................................... .................................................................. Cybaeodamus meridionalis Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

– Abdomen venter with patch of granulate setae ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 58; Andía & Grismado 2015: fig. 4b–c); RTA with two sharp apical extensions ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 51; Andía & Grismado 2015: figs 3d, 4a) ........................................................................................................................................ 6

6. Conductor with ventral processes (CAP and CMP) similar in size and both pointed ( Andía & Grismado 2015: fig. 3a, c); RTA with tiny dorsal tooth ( Andía & Grismado 2015: fig. 4a) .............. ........................................................................................... Cybaeodamus lycosoides (Nicolet, 1849)

– Conductor with anterior prong (CAP) much longer than median process (CMP), the latter rounded ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 50, 54); RTA without additional tooth ............................................................. ........................................................................................ Cybaeodamus ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1938

7. Conductor with large fold accommodating the embolus ( Figs 16D , 17A, D–E ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 63–64); embolus originating pro-anteriorly ( Figs 16D , 17A, D–E ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 63–64); MA sickle-shaped with sharp apex ( Figs 16E , 17B ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 63, 65); subtegulum visible as prolateral knob ( Figs 16A–B, D , 17A, D–E ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 63–64) .................................. 8

– Conductor claw-shaped, with small apical groove accommodating the embolus ( Figs 12B, D–E , 13B ; Lise et al. 2009: fig. 37); embolus originating probasally ( Figs 12A–B, D , 13B ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 37–38); MA axe-shaped, with hook-shaped or blunt tip ( Figs 12B–E , 13A–B ; Lise et al. 2009: figs 37, 39); subtegulum visible probasally ( Figs 12A–B, D , 13A–B ; Lise et al. 2009: fig. 37) ........9

8. Abdominal venter with patch of small, thick, spine-shaped setae ( Fig. 14H ); coxae and femora III unmodified; palp with additional tegular apophysis (TA) situated centrally ( Figs 16D , 17A, D–E ) .... .............................................................................................................. Cybaeodamus malkini sp. nov.

– Abdominal venter with patch of long, needle-like setae; coxae III ventrally with faint apical tubercle ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 61); femora III with basoventral process ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 62); palp without additional tegular apophysis .......................... Cybaeodamus tocantins Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

9. Abdominal venter with patch of short spine-shaped setae ( Fig. 10K–L ); cheliceral promargin with two teeth ( Fig. 10E–F ); coxae IV with retrolateral brush of strong macrosetae ( Fig. 10J ) ................ ................................................................................................. Cybaeodamus spinosissimus sp. nov.

– Abdominal venter with patch of curved spatulated setae; cheliceral promargin without teeth; coxae IV without brush of strong macrosetae ......... Cybaeodamus brescoviti Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

Females

Remarks: the females of Cybaeodamus enigmaticus and Cybaeodamus lentiginosus are not included due to insufficient available information in the literature. The females of Cybaeodamus malkini sp. nov. and Cybaeodamus spinosissimus sp. nov. are unknown.

1. Epigyne shape narrower at the base, heart- or bulb-shaped, anterior arches connected medially ( Figs 6C , 9A–C ; Lise et al. 2009: fig. 40) ........................................................................................ 2

– Epigyne shape roughly rounded or rectangular, anterior arches not touching ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 6, 27, 48, 52, 66) ................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Copulatory ducts long, running anterior to spermathecae, strongly enlarged and flattened, forming overlapping loops ( Fig. 9D–F ) .................................................... Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov.

– Copulatory ducts short and cylindrical, situated between spermathecae, converging anteriorly, basally close to each other but not overlapping ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 41) ......................................... ....................................................................... Cybaeodamus brescoviti Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

3. Epigyne shape roughly rectangular, longer than wide, without protrusions ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 66) ........................................................................ Cybaeodamus tocantins Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

– Epigyne shape roughly rounded, as long as wide, with anterior or lateral protrusions ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 6, 9, 27, 33, 52, 55–56) .................................................................................................... 4

4. Copulatory ducts short, C- or n-shaped ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 7, 10, 49) ......................................... 5

– Copulatory ducts longer; sinuous ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 28, 34, 53, 57) .......................................... 6

5. Copulatory ducts running anterior to spermathecae, far apart ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 7, 10) .............. .................................................................. Cybaeodamus meridionalis Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

– Copulatory ducts situated between spermathecae, close to each other ( Lise et al. 2009: fig. 49) ...... ........................................................................................... Cybaeodamus lycosoides (Nicolet, 1849)

6. Epigynal plate laterally protruding ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 27, 33), duct S-shaped with basomedial part close to each other ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 28, 34) ........................................................................ ............................................................................... Cybaeodamus taim Lise, Ott & Rodrigues, 2009

– Epigynal plate anterolaterally protruding ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 52, 55–56), copulatroy duct less sinuous, basomedial part far apart from each other ( Lise et al. 2009: figs 53, 57) ............................ ......................................................................................... Cybaeodamus ornatus Mello-Leitão, 1938

Figures

Fig. 14. Cybaeodamus malkini sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Idem, ventral view. C. Abdomen, ventral view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Idem, frontal view. F. Eyes, frontal view. G. Chelicerae, dorsal view. H. Detail of abdominal spinose setae, ventral view. I. Posterior part of sternum and coxae IV, showing groups of strong macrosetae posteriorly, ventral view. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 1 mm; C, G, I = 0.5 mm; F, H = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 1. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov. A–E. Holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 9167). F–J. Paratype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0590). A, F. Habitus, dorsal view. B, G. Idem, ventral view. C. Sternum, ventral view. D, H. Habitus, lateral view. E, I. Eye area, antero-dorsal view. J. Idem, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B, D, F–H = 2 mm; C = 1 mm; E, I–J = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 7. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CHNUFPI 0592). A. Habitus in alcohol, dorsal view. B. Idem, dried. C. Idem, ventral view. D. Idem, lateral view. E. Eye area, frontal view. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 10. Cybaeodamus spinosissimus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0591). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Idem, ventral view. C. Idem, lateral view. D. Sternum, ventral view. E. Left chelicerae, dorsal view. F. Idem, ventral view. G. Carapace, frontal view. H. Eye area, frontal view. I. Idem, dorsal view. J. Abdomen, ventral view. K. Idem, detail on the abdominal patch of spinose setae. L. Idem, detail on the spinose setae. Scale bars: A–C = 2 mm; D, G, J = 1 mm; E–F, H–I, K–L = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov. A–C. Holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 9167). D, F–G. Paratype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0590). E. Paratype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0592). A. Chelicerae, ventral view. B, D. Abdomen, ventral view. C, F. Idem, detail on field of ampullate spines. E. Epiandrum, ventral view. G. Spinnerets, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E = 0.5 mm; B, D = 1 mm; C, F–G = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 6. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov., genitalia drawings. A–B. Holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 9167). A. Right palp, ventral view (mirrored). B. Idem, retrolateral view (mirrored). C. Paratype, ♀ (CHNUFPI 0592), epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: A = anterior arches of epigyne; CAP = conductor anterior prong; CMP = conductor median process; CO = copulatory opening; CPP = conductor posterior prong; E = embolus; EBP = embolus basal process; MA = median apophysis; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; RTA = palpal retrolateral tibial apophysis; St = subtegulum; VP = tibial ventral process. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 9. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (CHNUFPI 0592), genitalia. A. Epigyne, specimen dry, ventral view. B. Idem, in alcohol. C. Epigyne cleared, ventral view. D. Idem, endogyne, dorsal view. E. Idem, dorso-lateral view. F. Idem, dorso-anterior view. Abbreviations: A = anterior arches of epigyne; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; F = fertilisation duct; S = spermathecae. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 5. Cybaeodamus ampullatus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 9167), right palp (mirrored views). A. Prolateral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Idem, slightly dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Idem, slightly posterior view. Abbreviations: CAP = conductor anterior prong; CMP = conductor median process; CPP = conductor posterior prong; E = embolus; EBP = embolus basal process; MA = median apophysis; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; RTA = palpal retrolateral tibial apophysis; St = subtegulum; VP = tibial ventral process. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 12. Cybaeodamus spinosissimus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0591), palp. A. Prolateral view. B. Ventral view. C. Retrolateral view. D. Ventral, slightly prolateral view. E. Detail of median apophysis, ventral view. F. Detail of RTA, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; DE = dorsal extension of RTA; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PFC = probasal flange of cymbium; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; RTA = palpal retrolateral tibial apophysis; St = subtegulum; VE = ventral extension of RTA; VP = ventral process. Scale bars: A–D = 0.5 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 16. Cybaeodamus malkini sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH), palp. A. Prolateral view. B, D. Ventral view. C, E. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PFC = probasal flange of cymbium; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; St = subtegulum; TA = additional tegular apophysis; VP = ventral process. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 17. Cybaeodamus malkini sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (AMNH), details of palp. A. Bulb, prolateral view. B. Idem, retrolateral view. C. RTA, retrolateral view. D–E. Bulb, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PFC = probasal flange of cymbium; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TA = additional tegular apophysis; St = subtegulum; VP = ventral process. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 13. Cybaeodamus spinosissimus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (CHNUFPI 0591), palp. A. Prolateral view. B. Ventral view (ventral setae on tibia omitted). Abbreviations: C = conductor; DE = dorsal extension of RTA; E = embolus; MA = median apophysis; PFC = probasal flange of cymbium; RFC = retrobasal flange of cymbium; St = subtegulum; VE = ventral extension of RTA; VP = ventral process. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.