Anastrephoides colombiana, Norrbom & Clavijo & O., 2019

Norrbom, Allen L., Clavijo, Pedro Alexander Rodriguez & O., P., 2019, A new species of Anastrephoides Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia, the first record of the subtribe Trypetina from South America, Israel Journal of Entomology (Oxford, England) 49 (2), pp. 161-167 : 162-166

Anastrephoides colombiana n. sp.

( Figs 1–10)

LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:515B7836-9501-4DF2-8195-B3288AB30D0B .

Etymology: The name of this species is derived from the country of origin of the type series.

Diagnosis: In the key to genera of Trypetini of Han (1999), this species runs to Anastrephoides . Its wing pattern is very similar to that of A. matsumurai Shiraki ( Shiraki 1933, pl. VIII, fig. 4; Ito 1984, fig. 176), but the apex of the marginal hyaline mark in cell r 1 touches the anterior end of crossvein r–m (it is proximal to r–m in the other two species), the anterior apical band extends to the apex of vein M 1, and the posterior apical band is more proximal and well separated from the apex of M 1 (in the other two species the posterior apical band ends on the apex of M 1). This species further differs from A. gerckei Hendel ( Hendel 1927, pl. VI, fig. 3) in having a large hyaline spot in cell br between crossveins r–m and dm–m, and from both species in having shorter terminalia.

Description: Body length 4.8 mm (male), 5.0 mm (female). Mesonotum length 2.2 mm (male), 2.1 mm (female). Wing length 5.9 mm (male), 6.1 mm (female). Setae dark brown.

Head ( Figs 1, 2). Orange except for brown ocellar tubercle. Frons without lobes or ridges, with 4 or 5 normally developed frontal setae and 2 reclinate orbital setae. Ocellar seta moderately developed, about as long as posterior orbital seta. Antenna orange; first flagellomere short, only slightly longer than wide (measured on medial side); arista brownish, very short pubescent on proximal half.

Thorax ( Fig. 3). Mostly orange, without brown markings. Postpronotal lobe and dorsal margin of anepisternum white. Chaetotaxy: 1 postpronotal, 2 notopleural, 1 acrostichal, 1 dorsocentral (aligned closer to postsutural supra-alar setae than to postalar setae), 1 intra-alar, 1 presutural and 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, basal and apical scutellar, 1 anepisternal (secondary setae weak and less than half length of dorsal seta), 1 katepisternal, and 1 anepimeral setae well developed. Scutum setulose, but nonmicrotrichose except postsutural lateral margin; notopleuron microtrichose; scutellum setulose only on margin, entirely microtrichose.

Legs. Entirely orange.

Wing ( Fig. 6). With extensive orange pattern. Base mostly orange proximal to crossvein bm–m, including cell bc, c (except small subapical marginal hyaline spot), base of br, bm, and cua. Posterior two-thirds of wing with broad orange bands. Discal band covering all of pterostigma, extending to middle of cell m 4 where connected to band extended from base of cell m 4 to posterior wing margin; these bands also connected to oblique band extended to anterior wing margin in middle of cell r 1, where it connects to anterior apical band; subapical band broadly connected to basal bands in cell m 4, covering crossvein dm–m, and extending anteriorly to vein M 1, where connected to posterior apical band to form inverted V-shaped mark; posterior apical band fading posterior to vein M 1, well separated from apex of vein M 1; anterior apical band extended to apex of vein M 1, without marginal hyaline marks; cell br with large hyaline spot between crossveins bm–m and r–m; cells r 1 and r 2+3 with triangular hyaline mark aligned with crossvein r–m; hyaline area between oblique band and subapical band and between anterior and posterior apical bands about as broad as those bands. Vein R 4+5 setulose dorsally beyond level of dm–m. Crossvein r–m at 0.58–0.66 distance from bm–m to dm–m. Cell cua with posteroapical lobe almost as long as width of cell. Cell dm with anteroapical corner forming angle of 60–80°, less acute in male than in female ( Fig. 6).

Abdomen. Entirely orange. Dark brown setulose.

Male terminalia ( Figs 7–10). Surstyli elongate, longer than epandrium height; medial surstylus with 2 small, subequal prensisetae apically; lateral surstylus with anterior lobe larger than posterior lobe, both stout and triangular. Proctiger large, slightly bilobed, more or less evenly setulose. Glans stout, mostly sclerotized, with distinct granulation on median sclerite (see Han 1999, character 8).

Female terminalia ( Figs 4, 5). Oviscape entirely orange, 1.3 mm long ventrally; dorsoapically without outstanding setae (with a few setulae no longer than more proximal setulae on oviscape), ventroapically with 2–3 submedial pairs of setae 1.5–2.0× as long as other setulae. Eversible membrane with denticles triangular; dorsally with denticles relatively small, decreasing in size posteriorly, slightly smaller along midline; ventrally with denticles in subovoid pattern, largest medially and towards anterior, decreasing in size posteriorly.Aculeus tip 0.62 mm long, elongate triangular, entirely finely serrate.

Holotype: ♀ Colombia: Risaralda, Pereira, 4.716°N 75.716°W, 2067 m, Trap 8, 29.v.2014, ICA ( Javerian Museum of Natural History , Bogota, Colombia ; USNMENT00677236).

Paratype: 1♂ Colombia: Risaralda, Pereira, 4.716°N 75.716°W, 2067 m, Trap 8, 30.i.2014, ICA ( National Museum of Natural History , Smithsonian Institution , Washington , DC, USA; USNMENT00677235) .

Distribution: This species is known only from the type locality, which is a forest remnant on the lower western slope of the Cordillera Central in Very Humid Sub- TrOpical FOrest characteriZed bY haVinG aVeraGe temperatUre Of 18–24 °C with average annual rainfall of 2000–4000 mm.

Biology: The host plants and biology of this species are unknown.

Comments: Unfortunately, our attempts to extract DNA from one leg of each of the type specimens were unsuccessful. Our classification of this species in Anastrephoides is based therefore on the morphological key and phylogeny of Han (1999). It relied to some extent on chaetotaxy and wing pattern, which are sometimes subject to homoplasy in Tephritidae , thus it could be possible that A. colombiana represents a distant branch of Trypetina that has converged with Anastrephoides in these characters. In wing pattern, A. colombiana also resembles some species of the Nearctic genus Strauzia . Without other evidence, however, it is most reasonable to hypothesize that A. colombiana is a widely disjunct member of Anastrephoides . The lateral prensiseta on the medial surstylus is not reduced in A. colombiana (the prensisetae are subequal), which Han (1999) considered a synapomorphy for the Trypeta group, thus this species does not appear to belong in Trypeta , the only other genus of Trypetina recorded from the Neotropical Region (from Mexico and Central America). Whatever its relationships, it has a remarkably disjunct distribution, as no other species of Trypetina is known from South America, and only Trypeta occurs in the northern Neotropical Region.

In the phylogeny of Han (1999), Anastrephoides is among the unresolved basal polychotomy within the Trypetina . It is thus possible that Anastrephoides is a basal lineage within the group. As noted by Han (1999), Parastenopa Hendel , the basal taxon within the Chetostomatina , the sister group of the Trypetina , is the only essentially Neotropical member of that taxon.