Justicia warmingii Hiern, 1877

Villanueva-Espinoza, Rosa, Deng, Yunfei, Scotland, Robert & Wood, John R. I., 2025, Preliminary notes on Justicia (Acanthaceae) in Peru, PhytoKeys 258, pp. 1-123 : 1-123

31. Justicia warmingii Hiern , Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1877–78: 80. ( Hiern 1877: 80)

Dianthera hirsuta Ruiz & Pav. , Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 1: t. 13 ( Ruiz and Pavón 1798: t. 13) pro parte, quoad icones et spec. in Herb. Benth. (K), non descr. et non (Jacq.) J. F. Gmel. (1791).

Sarotheca elegans Nees , Flora Bras. 9 (7): 113. 1847. ( Nees 1847 a: 113) non J. elegans P. Beauv. (1806) . Type. BRAZIL. Goias, Serra de S. Felis ad fluvium Rio Trahiras, Pohl 1989 (holotype GZU- 000250360, isotype W- 0049983).

Justicia sarotheca V. A. W. Graham, Kew Bull. 43 (4): 614. 1988. ( Graham 1988: 614). Type. Based on Sarotheca elegans Pohl.

Sarotheca glutinosa Bremek., Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., C 72: 426. 1969. ( Bremekamp 1969: 426) Type. BOLIVIA. Chuquisaca, W. M. A. Brooke 5677 (holotype BM- 000551558, isotype F- 0077602 F).

Justicia glutinosa (Bremek.) V. A. W. Graham, Kew Bull. 43 (4): 613. 1988. ( Graham 1988: 613).

Type.

Brazil. Warming 1028 (holotype C- 10005029, isotype K- 000529271).

Description.

Subshrub 0.5–2 m high, stems conspicuously pilose. Leaves petiolate, lamina 6–14 × 2–4 cm, variable in shape, commonly broadly oblong, sometimes, ovate, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, shortly acuminate, base attenuate and sometimes decurrent on the petiole, thinly or densely pilose on the veins, especially beneath; petioles 0.2–2.5 cm, hirsute. Inflorescence of simple or branched spikes 5–15 cm long from the upper leaf axils, these often aggregated to form a terminal panicle of spikes; rhachis and axes glandular and somewhat sticky; bracts linear-oblong, 4–5 × 1–2 mm, glandular, bracteoles similar but shorter; calyx 4 - lobed to base, lobes 4–5 × 1 mm, lanceolate, glandular; corolla 9–10 (– 12) mm long cream with purple “ herring bone ” patterning on lower lip, glandular, tube short, stout, 2.5 mm wide, lips short 4–5 mm; pollen prolate 40 × 21 μm, 2 - aperturate, colporate, 1 row of indistinct insulae on either side of the aperture (Fig. 51 A ). Capsule 14–17 × 3 mm, clavate, constricted between seeds, covered in subsessile glands, 4 - seeded; seeds 3 mm diam., tuberculate.

Illustration.

Figs 29 , 30 .

Phenology.

Found in flower throughout most of the year, but perhaps flowering most prolifically in the June – September period.

Habitat.

Subtropical forest, secondary bushland, cliffs, scrubby slopes, roadsides between 500 and 1500 m.

Distribution.

Widely distributed in dispersed but locally extensive colonies in Peru, Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia. In Peru almost restricted to Junín in the centre of the country, where it is abundant, constituting a very curious distribution, somewhat parallelling that of Justicia tenuiflora , as both species are locally common further south in Bolivia. Fig. 62 .

Material examined.

Peru • Junín: Prov. Chanchamayo, Montayaco, west of San Ramón , 900 m, 27 June 1976, Al. Gentry & G. Prance 16419 ( F, MO, USM) ; • ibid., Puente Paucartambo to La Merced, Chanchamayo valley , 800 m, 30 Jan. 1983, Al. Gentry et al. 39826 ( MO, US, USM) ; • ibid., Río Colorado, near junction with Río Chanchamayo , 10°58'S, 75°22'W, 500–600 m, 7 Feb. 1983, A. Gentry &. D. Smith 40141 ( MO, US) ; • ibid., Pichis trail, Enenas , 1600–1900 m, June – July 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 25647 ( US) ; • ibid., San Ramón – Chanchamayo , 1360 m, 17 July 1978, H. Ellenberg 8880 ( US) ; • ibid., Río Colorado, San Ramón – Puente Paucartambo road , 10°58'S, 75°30'W, 760 m, 6 Oct. 1982, D. Smith & R. Foster 2486 ( MO, USM, US) ; • ibid., Chanchamayo Valley , 1200 m, July 1929, C. Schunke 457 ( F) ; • ibid., C. Schunke 458 ( F) ; • ibid., Chanchamayo Valley , 1200 m, June 1929, C. Schunke 234 ( F) ; • ibid., Chanchamayo Valley , 1500 m, Sept. 1924 –1927, C. Schunke 376 ( F) ; • ibid., San Luis , 14 Aug. 1944, Ridoutt s. n., USM 14558 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. Chanchamayo, La Merced , 2000 ft, Aug. 1923, J. F. MacBride 5204 ( US) ; • ibid., 10–24 Aug. 1923, J. F. MacBride 5294 ( F) ; • ibid., 800 m, Aug. 1944, J. Soukup 2527 ( US) ; • ibid., 700 m, May – June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 23454 ( F) ; • ibid., E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 23462 ( US) ; • ibid., Río Chanchamayo, vic. La Merced , 750 m, 23 May 1979, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 1080 ( K, MO, US, USM) ; • ibid., entre Pampa Whaley y Puente Perené , 800–900 m, 23 Sept. 1955, R. Ferreyra 11363 ( MO, US, USM) ; • ibid., R. Ferreyra 11369 ( USM) ; • ibid., 600 m, 16–18 June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 25240 ( F) ; • ibid., Río Perené , 19 June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 25762 ( US) ; • ibid., Dist. Pichanaki , 750 m, 3 Sept. 1960, G. W. H. Kunkel 6237 ( B) ; • ibid., Dist. Perené, Río Perené, Colonia Perené , 600 m, June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 25211 ( US) ; • ibid., June 1929, E. P. Killip & A. C. Smith 24940 ( US) ; • ibid., along Río Perené, near “ Hacienda 3 ”, Colonia Perené , Tovar et al. 1536 ( USM) ; • ibid., Dist. San Ramón, San Ramón , 11°07'17"S, 75°21'11.2"W, 772 m, 17 Aug. 2010, Xue-Jun Ge et al. 276 ( USM) ; • ibid., 3000 ft, Aug. 1945, C. Sandeman 4938 ( OXF) ; • ibid., along roadside, 750 m, 28 May 1979, D. C. Wasshausen & F. Encarnación 1133 ( USM) ; • ibid., valle de Chanchamayo , 800–900 m, 28 June 1954, O. Tovar 2290 ( US, USM) ; • ibid., Hac. Génova , 1600 m, 10 July 1962, F. Woytkowski 7396 ( MO, US) ; • ibid., 11°05'26"S, 75°21'08"W, 820 m, 27 Dec. 2017, R. Villanueva et al. 33 ( MOL) ; • ibid., Hac. Schunke , 1300–1700 m, 1923, C. Schunke A 7 ( US) ; • ibid., Lourdes de Oxabamba , 11°04'25.6"S, 75°23'24.3"W, 1227 m, 3 Aug. 2023, R. Villanueva et al. 920 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., Centro Poblado Nueva Italia , 10°59'23.1"S, 75°25'7.1"W, 1245 m, 3 Aug. 2023, R. Villanueva et al. 935 ( HOXA) ; • ibid., Catarata Tirol , 11°08'11.4"S, 75°20'31"W, 886 m, 4 Aug. 2023, R. Villanueva et al. 9 42 ( HOXA) . Pasco: Prov. Oxapampa, below Oxapampa , 1500 m, 19 Oct. 1974, P & G. Gutte 4101 ( US) ; • ibid., Santa Cruz , 14 Aug. 1944, C. Ridoutt s. n. ( USM 14610 ) .

Typification.

As GZU- 000250360 is the only specimen of Pohl 1989 annotated by Nees, it must be assumed to be the holotype of Sarotheca elegans , even though the Vienna specimen, W- 0049983, is much more complete.

Notes.

The inflorescence can be of axillary spikes or aggregated to form a terminal panicle of spikes. The indumentum of the corolla and capsules is of subsessile glands.

Figures

Figure 29. Justicia warmingii A habit B bract, bracteole and calyx C bract D corolla showing anthers. Drawn from Killip & Smith 23459 by Cathy Pasquale.

Figure 30. Photographs of Justicia warmingii (Villanueva 920) by Rosa Villanueva.

Figure 51. Pollen images A Justicia warmingii (Villanueva 920) B J. werffii (Van der Werff 15565) C J. schunkei (Schunke 7599) D J. spathuliformis (Villanueva 1028) E J. saccata (Villanueva 997) F J. lactiflora (Woytkowski 34339). Scale bars: 10 μm.

Figure 62. Distribution of Justicia dryadum (red circles), J. tenuiflora (green triangles) and J. warmingii (blue squares) in Peru.