Zorochros Thomson, 1859

Parekar, Harshad & Patwardhan, Amol, 2025, Annotated catalogue of the click-beetle subfamilies Hemiopinae, Hypnoidinae, Lissominae, Negastriinae, Tetralobinae, and Thylacosterninae (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of India, Zootaxa 5679 (2), pp. 151-203 : 174-179

Subgenus Zorochros Thomson, 1859

Zorochros aenescens ( Motschulsky, 1858) SRI

Cryptohypnus aenescens Motschulsky, 1858: 58 (original description; published type locality: Birma [sic]); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (designated Lectotype; “ India orientalis”).

Hypnoidus incommodus Fleutiaux, 1905: 325 (original description; published type locality: Pondicherry, India); Schwarz, 1905: 153 (catalogue; India: “ Pondicherry ”); Schenkling, 1925: 210 (placed under subgenus Zorochrus , unavailable subgenus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; India: “ Pondicherry ”); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (synonymised with Z. aenescens ).

Zorochrus aenescens ( Motschulsky, 1858) : Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3).

Type Locality. Cryptohypnus aenescens . East India * [ India orientalis]; Hypnoidus incommodus . India: Puducherry .

Type Depository. Cryptohypnus aenescens : Lectotype, M ( ZMMU). Hypnoidus incommodus : Holotype, F

( MNHN).

Distribution in India. Puducherry **.

General Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand ( Dolin & Cate 1998).

Zorochros aeneus ( Schwarz, 1901) SRI

Hypnoidus aeneus Schwarz, 1901: 30 (original description; published type locality: Nalanda , Sri Lanka); Gaedike, 1985: 15 (type catalogue); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (designated Lectotype; “ Nalanda ”).

Negastrius aeneus ( Schwarz, 1901) : Ôhira,1971: 207 (transferred from Hypnoidus ; recorded from India: Maharashtra); Ôhira, 1973: 32 (“ India ”).

Zorochrus aeneus ( Schwarz, 1901) : Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3).

Type Locality. Sri Lanka: Nalanda, Matale District, Central Province [ Nalanda , Ceylon].

Type Depository. Lectotype, M ( SDEI); 7 Paralectotypes, 2 M, 5 F ( SDEI).

Distribution in India. Maharashtra (Pune District).

General Distribution. India, Sri Lanka (Ôhira 1973).

Zorochros birganjianus Ôhira & Becker, 1973 SRI

Zorochrus birganjianus Ôhira & Becker, 1973: 70 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999:Art. 33.3; original description; published type locality: Birganj, Nepal); Chakraborty & Chakrabarti, 2006: 197 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; distributional record; India: Sikkim); Gupta et al., 2018: 502 (used correct genus name Zorochros ; incorrect application of ICZN 1999: Art. 51.3; incorrectly used parenthesis for authors; catalogue; “2C” as India: Sikkim, Darjeeling District).

Type Locality. Nepal: Birganj , Parsa District .

Type Depository. Holotype, M ( CNC); 59 Paratypes, SU ( AUA, CNC, NHML).

Distribution in India. Sikkim (Pakyong District).

General Distribution. India, Nepal ( Ôhira & Becker 1973; Cate 2007).

Remark. Chakraborty & Chakrabarti (2006: 197) examined material from Rangpo, which is located in Pakyong District, Sikkim, and not in West Bengal. As the presence of this species in West Bengal requires confirmation, this locality is not included here.

Zorochros ecarinatus Dolin, 1999 SDI

Zorochrus ecarinatus : Dolin, 1999a: 32 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; original description; published type locality: Nedungadu, India).

Zorochros ecarinatus Dolin, 1999a : Korneev & Cate, 2005: 14 (genus name correction, incorrect application of ICZN 1999: Art. 51.3; incorrectly used parenthesis for author; type catalogue).

Type Locality. India: Nedungadu , Karaikal District, Puducherry [Nedungadu, Tanjore District] .

Type Depository. Holotype, M ( NMP); 27 Paratypes, SU ( NMP, SIZK).

Distribution in India. Puducherry (Karaikal District).

General Distribution. India, Sri Lanka (Dolin 1999).

Zorochros godavariensis Ôhira & Becker, 1974 SRI

Zorochrus godavariensis Ôhira & Becker, 1974: 557 (original description; published type locality: Kathmandu, Nepal); Chakraborty & Chakrabarti, 2006: 198 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; distributional record; India: Sikkim); Gupta et al., 2018: 502 (used correct genus name Zorochros ; incorrect application of ICZN 1999: Art. 51.3; incorrectly used parenthesis for authors; catalogue; “2C” as India: Sikkim, Darjeeling District).

Type Locality. Nepal: Godavari , Kathmandu District .

Type Depository. Holotype, M ( CNC); 1 Paratype, M ( AUA).

Distribution in India. Sikkim (Namchi District).

General Distribution. India, Nepal ( Ôhira & Becker 1974).

Remark. Chakraborty & Chakrabarti (2006: 197) examined material from Melli, which is located in Namchi District, Sikkim, and not in West Bengal.As the presence of this species in West Bengal requires confirmation, this locality is not included here.

Zorochros indicus ( Motschulsky, 1858) SRI

Cryptorhypnus [sic] indicus Motschulsky, 1858: 57 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Cryptohypnus not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; original description; published type locality: Birma); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 39 (designated Lectotype; “ India or.”).

Hypnoidus indicus ( Motschulsky, 1858) : Fleutiaux, 1905: 326 (transferred from Cryptohypnus ).

Hypnoidus fouqueti Fleutiaux, 1918: 224 (original description; published type locality: Saigon, Cochinchine); Fleutiaux, 1930: 641 (synonymised with Z. indicus ); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 39 (synonymy with Z. indicus confirmed).

Negestrius indicus ( Motschulsky, 1858) : Ôhira, 1970: 226 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Negastrius not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; transferred to Negastrius ).

Zorochrus indicus ( Motschulsky, 1858) : Ôhira & Becker, 1973: 70 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; “ India ”); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 39 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; “ India ”), 44 (distributional record; India: Jharkhand).

Type Locality. Cryptohypnus indicus . East India * [ India orientalis]; Hypnoidus fouqueti . Vietnam: Hòa Bình Province [Hoa Binh, Tonkin] .

Type Depository. Cryptohypnus indicus : Lectotype, M ( ZMMU); 5 Paralectotypes, SU ( SIZK, ZMMU).

Hypnoidus fouqueti : Holotype, SU ( MNHN).

Distribution in India. Jharkhand (Gumla District).

General Distribution. India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, Vietnam ( Dolin & Cate 1998).

Remark. Dolin & Cate (1998: 39) mentioned specimens from India without providing further details.

In the same publication, Dolin & Cate (1998: 44) re-examined 10 specimens from the syntype series of

Cryptohypnus sericeus and identified them as Z. indicus . Based on the data labels cited by Dolin & Cate

(1998: 44) and information provided by Parekar et al. (2024: 57), the locality is added as Jharkhand. Konbir is a village in the Gumla District of Jharkhand.

Zorochros mussardi Dolin & Cate, 1998 SDI

Zorochrus mussardi Dolin & Cate, 1998: 39 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; original description; published type locality: Aliyan Dam, India).

Zorochros mussardi Dolin & Cate, 1998 : Korneev & Cate, 2005: 20 (genus name correction, incorrect application of ICZN 1999: Art. 51.3; incorrectly used parenthesis for authors type catalogue); Schimmel & Tarnawski, 2012b: 361 (genus name correction).

Type Locality. India: Aliyar Dam, Anamalai Hills, Coimbatore District , Tamil Nadu [Aliyan Dam, Anomalai H., Madras] .

Type Depository. Holotype, M ( MHNG); 4 Paratypes, 3 M, 1 F ( MHNG, SIZK).

Material examined. One specimen ( Fig. 5 ) was examined from Chamarajanagar District , Karnataka

( ATREE); seven specimens from Nilgiris District , Tamil Nadu ( FRID) .

Distribution in India. Karnataka (Chamarajanagar District), Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore District, Nilgiris

District).

General Distribution. India.

Remark. This represents the first published record of this species from Karnataka. The species is considered endemic to India.

Zorochros oblongus Fleutiaux, 1934 SDI

Zorochrus oblongus Fleutiaux, 1934: 476 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; original description; published type locality: Pusa, India); Dolin, 1999b: 127 (“ Indien: Pusa”).

Negastrius oblongus ( Fleutiaux, 1934) : Ôhira, 1971: 207 (transferred to Negastrius ; distributional record; India: “ Bombay ”).

Zorochros oblongus Fleutiaux, 1934 : Cate, 2007: 193 (catalogue; “HP” as India: Himachal Pradesh); Gupta et al., 2018: 502 (incorrect application of ICZN 1999: Art. 51.3; incorrectly used parenthesis for author; catalogue; “2A” as India: Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir ).

Type Locality. India: Pusa, Samastipur District , Bihar [Inde: Pusa] .

Type Depository. Type, SU (??).

Distribution in India. Bihar (Samastipur District), Bombay**.

General Distribution. India.

Remark. The type material may be housed in MNHN, but verification was not possible. “ Bombay ” referred to a larger region that included parts of present-day Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. Pusa is a small village in the Samastipur District of Bihar. As the presence of this species in Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir requires confirmation, these localities are not included here. The species is considered endemic to India.

Zorochros pictus ( Candèze, 1892) SDI

Cryptohypnus pictus Candèze, 1892: 491 (original description; published type locality: Barwai , India).

Hypnoidus pictus ( Candèze, 1892) : Schwarz, 1906: 153 (catalogue; India: “Chota-Nagpore”); Schenkling, 1925: 211 (placed under subgenus Zorochrus , unavailable subgenus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; India: “Chota Nagpore”).

Zorochros pictus ( Candèze, 1892) : Cate, 2007: 194 (catalogue; “UP” as India: Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh); Gupta et al., 2018: 502 (catalogue; “2B” as India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand).

Type Locality. India: Barwai , Jharkhand .

Type Depository. Type, SU (??).

Distribution in India. Jharkhand (Gumla District).

General Distribution. India.

Remark. The type material may be housed in RBINS, but verification was not possible. Based on the information provided by Candèze (1892: 481) and Hayek (1973: 273), the locality is added as Jharkhand. As the presence of this species in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh requires confirmation, these localities are not included here. The species is considered endemic to India.

Zorochros quadrimaculatus ( Vats & Chauhan, 1991) SDI comb. nov.

Hypnoidus quadrimaculatus Vats & Chauhan, 1991: 294 (original description; published type locality: Saknidhar, India); Cate, 2007: 194 (considered as Doubtful Assignment; classified under Negastriinae incertae sedis; catalogue; “UP” as India: Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh); Gupta et al., 2018: 502 (catalogue; “2B” as India: Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand).

Type Locality. India: Saknidhar, Tehri Garhwal District , Uttarakhand [ India: Uttar Pradesh, Saknidhar] .

Type Depository. Holotype, M (??); Allotype, F (??); 3 Paratypes, 1 M, 2 F (??).

Distribution in India. Uttarakhand (Tehri Garhwal District).

General Distribution. India.

Remark. The type material for Hypnoidus quadrimaculatus is not deposited in FRID and may be housed in IARI; however, verification was not possible. As the presence of this species in Himachal Pradesh requires confirmation, this locality is not included here. Hypnoidus quadrimaculatus was described by Vats & Chauhan (1991: 294) based on morphological characters and an aedeagus structure that do not support its placement in the genus Hypnoidus ( Stibick 1976) . Based on the original description and illustration of the aedeagus ( Vats & Chauhan 1991: 298, Fig. 1 ), this species is herein transferred to the genus Zorochros , and we propose Zorochros quadrimaculatus ( Vats & Chauhan, 1991) comb. nov. Morphologically, this species is most similar to Zorochros tactus ( Candèze, 1900) . Z. quadrimaculatus is considered endemic to India.

Zorochros sericeus ( Candèze, 1892) SDI

Cryptohypnus sericeus Candèze, 1892: 490 (original description; published type locality: Barwai/Konbir-Novatoli, India); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 44 (designated Lectotype; “Konbir, India ”).

Hypnoidus sericeus ( Candèze, 1892) : Schwarz, 1906: 153 (catalogue; India: “Chota-Nagpore”); Schenkling, 1925: 211 (placed under subgenus Zorochrus , unavailable subgenus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; India: “Chota Nagpore”).

Zorochrus sericeus ( Candèze, 1892) : Dolin & Cate, 1998: 42 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3), 44 (distributional record; India: Puducherry).

Type Locality. India : Konbir, Gumla District , Jharkhand [Konbir, India] .

Type Depository. Lectotype, M ( RBINS); 3 Paralectotypes, 3 F ( RBINS).

Distribution in India. Jharkhand (Gumla District), Puducherry (Karaikal District).

General Distribution. India, Pakistan ( Dolin & Cate 1998).

Remark. Based on the data labels cited by Dolin & Cate (1998: 44), information provided by Candèze (1892: 481), Hayek (1973: 273) and Parekar et al. (2024: 57), the locality is added as Jharkhand.

Zorochros tactus ( Candèze, 1900) SDI

Cryptohypnus tactus Candèze, 1900: 92 (original description; published type locality: Bengale).

Hypnoidus tactus ( Candèze, 1900) : Schwarz, 1906: 153 (catalogue; “ Bengalen ”); Schenkling, 1925: 211 (placed under subgenus Zorochrus , unavailable subgenus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; “ Bengalen ”).

Hypnoidus monadicoides Fleutiaux, 1905: 326 (nec monadicoides Schwarz, 1901 ; original description; published type locality: Pondichéry, India); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 40 (synonymised with Z. tactus ).

Hypnoidus fleutiauxi Schwarz, 1906: 153 (replacement name for H. monadicoides Fleutiaux ; catalogue; India: “ Pondicherry ”); Schenkling, 1925: 210 (placed under subgenus Zorochrus , unavailable subgenus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; listed as fleutiauci [sic], unavailable species name, incorrect subsequent spelling of fleutiauxi not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; India: “ Pondicherry ”); Dolin & Cate, 1998: 40 (synonymised with Z. tactus ).

Zorochrus tactus ( Candèze, 1900) : Dolin & Cate, 1998: 40 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3); Chakraborty & Chakrabarti, 2006: 198 (unavailable genus name, incorrect subsequent spelling of Zorochros not in prevailing usage- ICZN 1999: Art. 33.3; catalogue; India: “ West Bengal ”).

Type Locality. Cryptohypnus tactus . Bengal*; Hypnoidus monadicoides . India: Puducherry.

Type Depository. Cryptohypnus tactus : Holotype, F ( RBINS). Hypnoidus monadicoides : Holotype, SU ( MNHN) .

Distribution in India. Puducherry **.

General Distribution. India.

Remark. Historically, the Bengal region encompassed present-day Bangladesh, parts of Bhutan and Nepal, and several Indian states including eastern Assam, Bihar, Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Sikkim, and West Bengal. As there is no conclusive evidence, this region is not included here. The species is considered endemic to India.

Figures

FIGURES 1–6. Elateridae from India, dorsal view. 1, Hypnoidus beckeri Stibick, 1980; 2, Lissomus mastrucatus Gerstaecker, 1860; 3, Arhaphes luteipes Candèze, 1897; 4, Miquasus improvisus (Dolin, 2001); 5, Zorochros mussardi Dolin & Cate, 1998; 6, Cussolenis wallacei Muona, 2020.