Campylosiphon championii (Thwaites) X.J.Li & D.X.Zhang, 2023

Li, Xiaojuan, Qu, Lu, Hu, Guoxiong & Zhang, Dianxiang, 2023, Revision of Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), with New Combinations and a New Species Described, Systematic Botany (Basel, Switzerland) 48 (3), pp. 395-409 : 406-408

4. Campylosiphon championii (Thwaites) X.J.Li & D.X.Zhang , comb. nov. Burmannia championii Thwaites (1864, in:

Enumeratio Plantarum Zeylaniae , p. 325). TYPE: SRI LANKA. precise locations unknown, C.P. 2735 (lectotype: Peradynia barcode PDA00012784 !; isolectotypes: B barcode 101154578!, BM barcode BM000058509!, G barcodes (G00191394!, G00191395! and G00191396!), P barcodes (P00738848!, P00738849! and P00738850!), FR barcode FR-0038667!, K barcodes (K001325431! and K000958575!), designated by L. H. Cramer, 1979).

Burmannia tuberosa Becc. (1878, in: Malesia 1, p. 245). TYPE: MALAYSIA. Sarawak: Mt. Matang, Beccari 1503 (lectotype: FI barcode FI013466!; isolectotype: L barcode L.1486673!, designated by Dianxiang Zhang in Ph. D. thesis, Univ. of Hong Kong , 1999, p. 274).

Burmannia japonica Maxim. ex Makino (1891, in Ill. Fl. Jap. 1 (7), p. 4). TYPE: JAPAN. Tosa: Shiboku Island, Makino s. n. (herbarium unknown).

Burmannia dalzielii Rendle (1902, in: J. Bot. 40, p. 311). TYPE: CHINA. Guangdong: Santou, Daiziel 33 (lectotype: BM barcode BM000058511!, designated by Jonker in: Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks., Univ. Utrecht 5l, 1938, p. 140).

Burmannia chionantha Schltr. (1912, in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 49, p. 107). TYPE: PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe: Mt. Gomadjidji, R Schlechter 17387 (lectotype: B barcode B100296387!, designated by Jonker in: Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks., Univ. Utrecht 5l, 1938, p. 140).

Burmannia hunanensis K.M.Liu & C.L.Long (2001, in: Ann. Bot. Fenn. 38, p. 211). TYPE: CHINA. Hunan: Mangshan Mountains, Yizhang County, Liu Lin-Han 106 7 (holotype: HNNU).

Fully mycoheterotrophic perennial herbs, translucent whitish. Stems thick filiform, succulent, 3–22 cm long at flowering; roots robustly fibrous; rhizomes tuberous, apex covered with scale like leaves; leaves sparsely beset on the stem, ovate-triangular, acute, appressed, 1.5–6 mm long; inflorescence capitate or a double cincinnus with 3–13 flowers; bracts similar to stem leaves; flowers 5–12 mm long, sessile, subsessile or distinctly pedicellate; perianth white with white or yellow lobes; perianth tube cylindrical-triangular, 2–5 mm long, wingless, with 6 or 3 ribs; outer perianth lobes triangular, thin, apex acute, with involute margins, 1.2–2.9 mm long; inner lobes spathulate, apex rounded, thin, revolute, 0.8–1.4 mm long; stamens subsessile or with short, thick filaments, inserted on the perianth throat; connective with two short arms bearing the thecae, a median point directed inward, apical crests small or absent, basal pendant spur lacking; style filiform bearing three subsessile stigmas at the apex; style and stigmas together as long as the perianth tube; ovary ellipsoid to sub-globose, 1.5–3.5 mm long; capsule sub-globose or ellipsoid, dehiscing by non-transverse slits; seeds sub-globose, numerous.

Phenology —Flowering and fruiting is from March to December.

Distribution and Habitat — Campylosiphon championii is distributed in China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Taiwan, and Zhejiang), Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. This species is usually found on the wet forest floor among dead leaves, decaying twigs, on rock surfaces or decaying trees.

Notes —The protologue of Burmannia championii cited the collection “ C.P. 2735 ” and referred to two localities “Saffragam District” and “Hinidoon Corle” in Sri Lanka. Several decades later, Jonker (1938) cited C.P. 2735 deposited at PDA (National Herbarium, Peradeniya) as the type and C.P. 2735 at other herbaria (B; BM; CA; G-BOIS; G-DEL; GOTT; P; P-DR; W) as duplicates. Cramer designated the specimen with herbarium barcode “PDA00012784” deposited at PDA (Supplemental Fig. S1A ) as the holotype of Burmannia championii . However, this specimen contains more than one individual collected from different places at different times. Thus, we suggest that the specimen should be treated as syntypes rather than as a holotype.

Wheeler (1983) proposed that collections having the same C.P. number could not mean that they belong to the same collection, which also suggested that we could not rule out these specimens with collection number “ C.P. 2735 ” might belong to more than one species, even the individuals from the same sheet of specimen (Supplemental Fig. S1 ). We here conserve the previous treatment by Cramer (1979) that the specimen deposited at PDA (PDA00012784) was designated as the holotype of Campylosiphon championii .

Noteworthily, Burmannia tuberosa Becc. ( Fig. 4K ), a synonym of C. championii distributed in Matang Mountain from Sarawak, Malaysia, is similar to B. densiflora distributed in Africa, both of which can be easily distinguished from typical C. championii by their obviously longer flower pedicel which is almost longer than or equal to perianth, longer inner and outer whorls of perianth lobes, and acuminate or slightly caudate apex of outer perianth lobes. Additionally, several specimens identified as Burmannia championii : species collected from Java (herbarium barcodes: L.1486661–L.1486666, L.1486668 and U.1173068) ( Fig. 4G ), from Bangarmassing (barcode: K001325432), from Kalimantan Selatan (barcode: L.1486679), and Moluccas (barcode: L.1486680) in Indonesia and collected from Lanyu Island, Taiwan, China (specimen (barcode: TAIF.285447) and photos cited in article ( Hsieh and Ohashi 2000), are somewhat similar to Burmannia aptera distributed in Africa by having sessile to subsessile flowers and a globose or obconical capsule distinctly shorter than perianth tube, while some collections identified as B. championii located in Karnataka Uttara Kannada District (barcode: RMRC00506) and Kerala (barcode: MH00018421 ( Fig. 4E ) and MH00018423) in India are more or less similar to C. congestus distributed in Africa. Thus, the current delimitation of Campylosiphon championii remains to be further revised.

Additional Specimens Examined — Australia. —Bathurst Island in the Northern Territory (photos by K. Brennan). China. — ZHEJIANG: Ge Binjie, Zhongxin, Liu Xiaotong & Hu Tong DM 16392 (CSH0127217). — HONG KONG: Gwtnne Lim 33 (NY 04192494). — FUJIAN: Jianyang, Wayi Exp. 1890 (FJSI005683). Indonesia. — EAST KALIMANTAN: E. Kutai. Sg. Kerajaan, N. of Sangkulirang, A Kostermans 5871 (L.1486675); Tdg. Bangko region near mouth of Mahakam river, A Kostermans 7194 (K001325433 and L.1486674); W. Kutai, Mt. Palimasan near Tabang on Belajan river, A Kostermans 12834 (L.1486672); ibid., A Kostermans 13072c (L.1486671). — NORTH KALIMANTAN: N. Borneo, Fus des Gunung Raja, A Elsener 41 (L.1486670). — WEST KALIMANTAN: Singkawang Timur district Nyarumkop village, A Elsener71 (L.1486669). — SOUTH KALIMANTAN: Bangarmassing, J Motley 1162 (K001325432); EF De Vogel 795A (L.1486679). — JAVA: Buitenzorg, prope Buitenzorg, Coll. ind. 164 (L.1486662); ibid., Coll. ind. 14 (L.1486668); ibid., Coll. ind. 89 (L.1486665); ibid., Ooststroom SJ van 12620 (L.1486663); ibid., Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr RC 1175 (U.1173068) and Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr RC 7876 (L.1486664). — BANTEN: Udjung Kulon Reserve, A Kostermans 140 (L.1486666). — MOLUCCAS: West Ceram, Eyma, PJ 3196 (L.1486680). — SUMATRA: Umatera Barat, HD R uksen € s.n. (L.1486661). India. — KERALA: Palaghat district, J. Joseph 51427 (MH00018423); Madam patty gorot, NC Nais 64632 (MH00018421); Karnataka Uttara Kannada District, Dr. Divakar, Dr. Harsha & Vinayak (RMRC00506). Japan. — OHSUMI: Miyoshi Furuse 12370 (PE.01950401). — KUNIGAMI: EH Waklkar S Tawada & T Amano, 6299

(L.1486659); EH Waklkar, S Sonohara, S Tawada & T Amano 7024 (US.00225153). Malaysia. — JOHORE: North of Gunong Mt. Blumut, RE Holttum 10298 (K001325439 and SING0299361). — SARAWAK: north of Bt. Keruing Bako National Park , PS Ashton S. 17964 (K001325434) ; Selepong Beranggan Sri Aman, Runi Lai et al. S.59679 (K001325435); Mt. Matang , Beccari 402 (FI013467) ; Nanga Mujong, WMA Brooke 8969 (L.1486678); Lawas, WMA Brooke 9946 (L.1486676, SING0299833 and US00225266); Sungai Raya, WMA. Brooke 9339 (L.1486677). — SELANGOR: Rantau Panjang, CB Kloss s.n. (K001325437). Papua New Guinea. — MOROBE: R. Schlechter 17387 (B100296387!). Singapore. — SELATAR: 1892, Ridley s.n. (K001325438) ; 1889, Ridley s.n. (SING0004086); 1890, Ridley s.n. (SING0004086); 5.29.1890, Ridley s.n. (SING0004090). — BUKIT TIMAH: 9.22.1890, Ridley s.n. (SING0004085). — CHANGI: 1.22.1891, Ridley s.n. (SING0004087). — CHOA CHU KANG: 1905, Ridley s.n. (SING0004088). Solomon Islands. — NEW GEORGIA GROUP: TC Whitmore BSIP939 (L.1486681). South Korea. — JEJU: Song G.P. et al. 20090813009 ( WTFRC). Sri Lanka. — SOUTHERN PROVINCE: Haycock Hiniduma Galle district , RD Hoogland 11465 (US00225152) ; Hinidumkande near Hiniduma Galle district , A Kostermans 27518 (L.1486660). — SABARAGAMUWA: Pitakele, Sinharaja, Champika Bandara CB 46 ( PDA) ; Ellalola Kande, J Leuis s.n. (PDA00012786). — WESTERN PROVINCE: Kalutara District, AHM Jayasuriya & BWM Wijesinghe 7238 ( PDA). Thailand. — BANG SON: Put 1558 (K001325436). Vietnam. — KIEN JIANG PROVINCE: Phu Quoc National Park (photos By Dang Van Son ) .

Figures

FIG. 1. Habitat and morphology of Campylosiphon saundersii. A. Habitat. B. entire flowering plant. C. Tuberous rhizome. D. Inflorescence. E. Seeds. F. Perianth viewed from inside. G. Styles and stigmas. H. Stigma. Scale bars: 3 cm (B); 1 cm (C); 2 mm (D); 300 Mm (E, F); 200 Mm (G, H). A–D were photographed by Lu Qu, E–H were photographed by Xiaojuan Li.

FIG. 4. Continuous variation of floral morphology among Campylosiphon lineages. A. Campylosiphon purpurascens, partial of holotype (Barcode: B100165441). B. Campylosiphon saundersii, photographed by Qu Lu. C. Campylosiphon congestus, partial of specimen sheet (Barcode: E00044117). D. Campylosiphon congestus, partial of holotype (Barcode: K000366035). E. Campylosiphon sp., partial of herbarium specimen collected from the Western Ghat, India (Barcode: MH00018421). F. Campylosiphon championii, partial of holotype of Burmannia chionantha (Barcode: B100296387). G. Campylosiphon sp., partial of herbarium specimen collected from Java (Barcode: L.1486663). H. Campylosiphon congestus, partial of holotype of Burmannia aptera (Barcode: B100165442). I. Campylosiphon championii, partial of holotype of Burmannia dalzielii (Barcode: BM000058511). J. Campylosiphon densiflorus, part of holotype (Barcode: B100165441). K. Campylosiphon championii, partial of Burmannia tuberosa lectotype (Barcode: FI013466). L. Burmannia micropetala, partial of holotype (Barcode: BM000058513).