Monanthotaxis foliosa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc.

Hoekstra, P. H., Wieringa, J. J., Maas, P. J. M. & Chatrou, L. W., 2021, Revision of the African species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae), Blumea 66 (2), pp. 107-221 : 157-158

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/565E87CB-FFBD-F962-B01F-3E17A3142745
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Monanthotaxis foliosa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc.
status

Treatment

30. Monanthotaxis foliosa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. View in CoL — Fig. 6j–m View Fig ; Plate 3d View Plate 3 ; Map 21 View Map 21

Monanthotaxis foliosa (Engl. & Diels) Verdc. (1971b) 21. — Popowia foliosa Engl. & Diels (1901) 52. — Enneastemon foliosus (Engl. & Diels) Robyns & Ghesq.(1933) 165. — Lectotype (designated here): G.A.Zenker 2050 (lecto B (B100153030);isolecto B100153031,BM001125038,BR0000008820280, E00624353, G00014883, G00014884, HBG-502537, K000198987, L.1754335, M-0205486, MO, P00362595, P00362598, S, WU0025871), Cameroon, South Province, Bipinde, 1899.

Enneastemon ferrugineus Robyns & Ghesq.(1934) View in CoL 90. — Monanthotaxis foliosa (Engl.& Diels) Verdc.var. ferruginea (Robyns & Ghesq.) Verdc.(1971b) View in CoL 21,syn.nov. — Enneastemon foliosus (Engl.& Diels) Robyns & Ghesq.var. ferrugineus (Robyns & Ghesq.) Le Thomas (1969) View in CoL 246. — Type: G.M.P.C. Le Testu 2108 (holo consisting of 3 sheets: P00362594, P00362596, P00362597; iso BM000547358, BR0000008820235, BR0000008820242, E00624354, LISC000377, US), Gabon, Nyanga, Tchibanga area, Roun- gala, 9 Sept. 1915.

Shrub, scandent shrub or liana, to 3.5 m long; young branches reddish brown to yellowish brown, densely covered with erect, reddish brown hairs c. 0.2 mm long, or ascending, yellow-brown to reddish brown hairs 0.05–0.1 mm long, becoming glabrous; old branches dark brown to blackish brown. Leaves: petiole 5–7 mm long, 1.2–1.8 mm diam, slightly grooved, indument as on branches; lamina oblong-elliptic to elliptic, 8.8–20.8 by 5.2–8.9 cm, 1.5–2.6 times longer than wide, subcoriaceous, not punctate, mid green and glossy above, glaucous below, above sparsely covered with appressed, whitish hairs 0.2–0.3 mm long, becoming glabrous, primary vein more densely covered with ascending, reddish brown hairs c. 0.2 mm long, below sparsely to densely covered with appressed, yellow-brown hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long, base rounded to subcordate or sometimes slightly cuneate, with thickened black margins, apex obtuse to acute, secondary veins 7–10 per side, straight, but halfway slightly curving, tertiary venation percurrent, distinctly raised above. Inflorescences axillary or sometimes supra-axillary, c. 1 mm above axil, sometimes composed of solitary flowers, but normally 3–16-flowered rhipidia; sympodial rachis normally present, 3–17 mm long, densely covered with erect, reddish brown hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long; pedicels 5.5–11 mm long, 0.4–0.5 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 7–15 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm diam, indument as on rachis; lower bract ovate, 0.5–0.7 by 0.6–0.8 mm, indument as on rachis; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel or halfway, ovate, 0.4–0.5 by 0.5–0.6 mm, indument as on sympodial rachis; flower buds globose. Flowers bisexual; sepals connate at the base, depressed ovate, 0.5– 0.7 by 1.1–1.4 mm, apex obtuse to acute, densely covered with appressed, yellow-brown hairs, persistent in fruit; receptacle 1.5–1.7 mm diam, flat; petals colour in vivo unknown, 6, in two whorls, base of inner petals visible in bud, outer petals, ovate, 2.5–6.5 by 2–4.2 mm, outside densely covered with appressed, yellow-brown hairs, apical part of inside covered with short white-yellow hairs; inner petals rhombic, 2.4–6.1 by 1.4–3.4 mm, outside and apical part of the inside densely covered with hairs; stamens 8 or 9, in one whorl, free, clavate, 0.8–1.3 mm long, filaments 0.4–0.8 mm long, thecae extrorse, connective truncate, prolonged inward and outward, not hiding thecae, glabrous, but hairy on the introrse side, staminodes absent; carpels 6 (or 7), subcylindric to narrowly ellipsoid, 1.3–1.6 by 0.4–0.5 mm, densely hairy, ovules 2 or 3, lateral, stigma elongate, 0.3–0.5 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 1–3, colour in vivo unknown, moniliform to subcylindric, 16–24 by 9–11 mm, smooth, densely covered with appressed, yellow hairs, becoming glabrous, apex apiculate, apiculum 0.7–1.2 mm long, stipes c. 4 mm long. Seeds 1–3, ellipsoid, c. 11 by 8 mm, ochre-brown, apex rounded, raphe visible.

Distribution — Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Habitat & Ecology — In primary rain forest, secondary forest and gallery forest. Altitude: 50–1700 m. Flowering: August to May; fruiting: January, March, April, November.

Vernacular names — Democratic Republic of the Congo: Amapupu (T.B. Hart 1143). Hunanga (Kindega name) (R. Gutzwiller 1812).

Preliminary IUCN conservation status — Endangered (EN): B2ab(iii). EOO: 2 908 934 km 2, AOO: 80 km 2. Although this species has a wide extent of occurrence and is known from 13 locations, the locations are severely fragmented and the species has only been collected twice in the last 20 years and it has not been collected in Ghana and Democratic Republic of the Congo for more than 50 years.

Notes — 1. Monanthotaxis foliosa belongs to the M. schweinfurthii complex, which has axillary inflorescences, globose flower buds in which the 3 outer petals overlap the 3 inner petals at the top and with 9 stamens per flower ( Fig. 1 View Fig , clade B). It differs from the other species of this complex in the strongly raised and reticulate venation on the upper side of the leaves, and by having 2 or 3 ovules per carpel (vs 4–6 ovules) and smooth monocarps, not tuberculate-rugulose.

2. The indument of M. foliosa is highly variable: specimens from central and south Gabon have the densest indument and the longest hairs; these specimens previously belonged to M. foliosa var. ferruginea . However, in Cameroon all different indument types occur with the densest indument found in D.W. Thomas 4721 and the most glabrous specimen, G.A. Zenker 2050. More specimens from Gabon are needed to assess if there is a real gradient in indument type.

3. In the introduction of the protologue of Enneastemon ferrugineus it is stated that they received new material at the herbarium in Paris, thus the holotype is from P and as the 3 sheets are linked no lectotype has to be designated .