Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) P.H.Hoekstra
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/565E87CB-FFB5-F96A-B01F-3D4EA3632932 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) P.H.Hoekstra |
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38. Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) P.H.Hoekstra View in CoL — Fig. 17 View Fig ; Plate 3f View Plate 3 ; Map 24 View Map 24
Monanthotaxis hirsuta (Benth.) P.H.Hoekstra in Guo et al.(2017) 14. — Unona hirsuta Benth. in Benth.& Hook.f. (1862) 469. — Oxymitra hirsuta (Benth.) Sprague & Hutch. (1916) 155. — Richella hirsuta (Benth.) R.E.Fr. (1959) 139. — Friesodielsia hirsuta (Benth.) Steenis (1964) 360. — Type: G. Mann 559 (holo K000198950; iso P00363313, P00363314), Equatorial Guinea, Bioco, Fernando Poo, 1860.
a
Uvaria caillei A.Chev.ex Hutch.& Dalziel (1927a) 50. — Lectotype (designated here): A.J.B. Chevalier 14817 (lecto P ( P00363329 ); isolecto G00308375 , L.1765233, P00363319 , P00363320 , P01954813 ), Guinea, Mamou , Timbou, Kouria, 28 Nov. 1905.
Small tree, shrub or liana, to at least 3 m tall; young branches dark brown to black, covered with erect, reddish brown hairs 1.2–1.7 mm long, becoming glabrous; old branches dark brown to black. Leaves: petiole 4.5–6 mm long, 1.8–2.5 mm diam, terete, indument as on branches; lamina oblong-elliptic, obovate to oblanceolate, 8.3–28.5 by 4.9–7.5 cm, 1.7–3.8 times longer than wide, membranous to subcoriaceous, not punctate, glaucous below, above sparsely covered with erect hairs on primary vein, soon becoming glabrous, below covered with erect, brown hairs 0.5–1.5 mm long, more densely so on the primary vein, base obtuse to subcordate, sometimes acute, glands hardly visible, apex acute to short acuminate, acumen to 5(–20) mm long, secondary veins 9–23 per side, curving upwards near margin end, tertiary venation distinctly percurrent, flat above. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or sometimes terminal, composed of 1- or sometimes 2-flowered fascicles; sympodial rachis to 2 mm long, covered with yellowish hairs; pedicels 7–12 mm long, 1.3–2.5 mm diam, fruiting pedicels 13–31 mm long, 1.6–2.1 mm diam, densely covered with erect hairs 0.2–0.4 mm long; lower bracts ovate, c. 5.2 by 2.8 mm; upper bract in upper part of the pedicel, ovate to triangular, c. 5 by 4.5–4.9 mm, outside and inside densely covered with ascending to erect hairs; flower buds ovoid. Flowers bisexual; sepals free, ovate to triangular, 6–9 by 5–7 mm, apex obtuse to acute, densely covered with yellowish brown hairs, not persistent in fruit; receptacle 8–12 mm diam, flat; petals yellow to reddish, 6, in two whorls, outer petals narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 21–50 by 9–17 mm, outside densely covered with yellow-brown hairs, inside similar but becoming glabrous near base, inner petals lanceolate-elliptic, 16–25 by 6–8 mm outside densely covered with appressed to ascending, yellow-brown, short hairs, inside covered with erect hairs c. 0.1 mm long; stamens 100–120, in four or five whorls, free, cylindric to obconical, 1.2–1.6 mm long, filaments c. 0.3 mm long, thecae latrorse, connective truncate, quadrately thickened above thecae, hiding thecae seen from above, glabrous, staminodes absent; carpels 22–24, narrowly ellipsoid, c. 1.8 by 0.7 mm, densely hairy, ovules 2 or 3, lateral, stigma elongate, c. 1.2 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 2–9, orange when ripe, ellipsoid to subcylindric, 1-seeded monocarps 23–30 by 9–13 mm, 3-seeded monocarps to 52 mm long, densely covered with erect hairs 1–1.5 mm long, apex rounded to apiculate, stipes 7–11 mm long. Seeds 1–3, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 17–27 by 9–10 mm, tawny to reddish brown, ends rounded, raphe slightly visible on both sides.
Distribution — Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea.
Habitat & Ecology — In swamp forest, gallery forest, primary forest and secondary forest. Elevation: 40–1300 m. Flowering: November to January, March, June; fruiting: January to March, May to July, October.
Preliminary IUCN conservation status — Least concern (LC). EOO: 1 066 157 km 2, AOO: 112 km 2. This species is known from many locations and several reserves. It can be quite common locally in West-Africa. However, it must be noted that it has only been collected four times east of the Dahomey gap of which only one collection is recent and the other three were more than 50 years ago.
Notes — 1. Monanthotaxis hirsuta is in flower easily distinguishable from related species such as M. enghiana and M. velutina by the long thecae covering more than half of the length of the stamens and the more than 25 mm long reddish outer petals. Because of the variability in vegetative characters M. hirsuta is sometimes difficult to distinguish from M. enghiana . Monanthotaxis enghiana normally has oblanceolate leaves with a narrow subcordate base and an acuminate apex, while M. hirsuta normally has more obovate to oblong-elliptic leaves with a broader subcordate base and an obtuse to acute apex. Furthermore, the erect hairs on young branches are normally longer in M. hirsuta , but exceptions occur. Also M. filamentosa can resemble M. hirsuta vegetatively, but normally has broader obovate leaves with a rounded leaf base. Some sterile specimens cannot be identified with certainty.
2. In the protologue of Unona hirsuta it is indicated that Bentham (in Bentham & Hooker 1862) revised material received at Kew herbarium. The holotype is thus the specimen from Kew and not Paris as stated in Guo et al. (2017).
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