Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc.
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2021.66.02.01 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/565E87CB-FFA1-F97F-B01F-38B2A23A296E |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc. |
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27. Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc. View in CoL — Fig. 12k–q View Fig ; Map 18 View Map 18
Monanthotaxis ferruginea (Oliv.) Verdc.(1971b) 26. — Unona ferruginea Oliv. (1868) 35. — Popowia ferruginea (Oliv.) Engl.& Diels (1901) 46. — Lectotype (designated by Paiva 1966: 41): F.M.J. Welwitsch 761 (lecto LISU206061; isolecto B100153029,BM000553834,BM000553835,BR0000008805324, COI00004905, G00308369, K000198968, LISU206062, P00362602), Angola, Cuanza Norte, distr. Golungo Alto, 305 m, July 1855.
Unona eminii Engl. (1895) 179. — Syntypes: F. L. Stuhlmann 1556 ( B not seen), Tanzania, Kagera, Bukoba ; F. L. Stuhlmann 4022 ( B not seen), Tanzania, Kagera, Bukoba .
Popowia djumaensis De Wild.(1909) 76. — Type: J. Gillet 2803 (holo divided over 2 sheets: BR0000008803160 , BR0000008803962 ), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bandundu, vallée de la Djuma, July 1907.
Shrub, scandent shrub or liana, to 6 m long; young branches densely covered with erect, reddish brown hairs 0.5–0.9 mm long, becoming glabrous; old branches blackish brown. Leaves: petiole 3.5–7.5 mm long, (0.7–) 1.2–1.5 mm diam, terete, indument as on branches; lamina oblong-elliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, 3.6–17.2 by 1.8–6.8 cm, (1.7–)1.8–3.3 times longer than wide, hardly to slightly punctate, chartaceous, not punctate, glossy dark green above, dull greyish green below, above densely covered with ascending to erect, white-yellowish hairs 0.3–0.6 mm long, becoming glabrous, primary vein with longer persistent, ascending to erect, yellow hairs, below sparsely covered with erect, reddish brown hairs 0.5–0.9 mm long, more densely so on veins, base subcordate with thickened black margin, apex acute to slightly obtuse, secondary veins 7–15 per side, from base straight, halfway curving upwards, tertiary venation percurrent, hardly visible. Inflorescences extra-axillary, leaf-opposed or terminal, composed of solitary flowers; sympodial rachis absent; flowering and fruiting pedicels (5–) 10–36 mm long, 0.4–0.8 mm diam, covered with ascending to erect, reddish brown hairs 0.4–0.8 mm long; lower bract absent; upper bract in the lower half of the pedicel or halfway, ovate to narrowly ovate, 2–5.5 by 0.5–4.5 mm, indument as on pedicel; flower buds globose. Flowers bisexual; sepals free, depressed ovate to almost orbicular, 1.5–2.7 by 2.7–3.3 mm, apex rounded, sparsely covered with ascending, yellow-brown hairs, persistent in fruit; receptacle 4.5–5 mm diam, flat; petals colour in vivo unknown, 6, in two whorls, outer petals ovate, 5.8–6.7 by 4.5–6 mm, outside and near the margins of the inside densely covered with yellowish hairs; inner petals elliptic to ovate, 3–5.4 by 2.7–2.9 mm, outside and apical part of the inside densely covered with yellow hairs; stamens 22–25, in three whorls, free, obovoid, 1.1–1.5 mm long, filaments 0.3–0.5 mm long, thecae latrorse to extrorse, connective truncate, prolonged inward, not hiding thecae, glabrous, staminodes absent; carpels 12–24, narrowly ellipsoid, 1–1.8 by c. 0.5 mm, glabrous except for few hairs at the base, ovules 2 – 4, lateral, stigma subsessile to elongate, 0.1–0.7 mm long, glabrous. Monocarps 2 –17, orange to red, moniliform, each part ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 12–35 by 6–9 mm, slightly verrucose, glabrous or with few hairs on the stipe, apex rounded or apiculate, apiculum to 4 mm long, stipes 3–4(–6.5) mm long. Seeds 1–3(–5), ellipsoid, 7–8 by 5–6 mm, ochre-brown, apex rounded, raphe hardly visible.
Distribution — Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Angola.
Habitat & Ecology — In gallery forest, lowland rain forest, Brachystegia woodland, forest edges, old secondary forest, montane forest and rock plateaus. Altitude: 20–1800 m. Flowering and fruiting: all year round.
Vernacular names — Democratic Republic of the Congo: Mugoya (Kindande name) (R. Pierlot 3082), Mubugu (Kihavu name) ( D. van der Ben 765). Tanzania: Lujongololo (S. Uehara 534).
Preliminary IUCN conservation status — Least concern (LC). EOO: 3 769 635 km 2, AOO: 228 km 2. This species is known from many locations and several reserves.
Notes — 1. Monanthotaxis ferruginea is resembling M. bokoli , both species having erect, reddish brown hairs on the young branches and lower side of the leaves, and flowers with 24 stamens and glabrous carpels. For the differences see the key and the note under M. bokoli .
2. Monanthotaxis ferruginea is a highly variable species with some of the variation geographicaly clustered. Specimens from the highlands in the eastern part of the distribution area have in general larger upper bracts and A.B. Katende 1301 from Uganda has leafy bracts of c. 5.5 by 4.5 mm. Furthermore, the majority of specimens have acute leaf tips, but some specimens in the east of Africa have obtuse leaf tips and are vegetatively difficult to distinguish from M. bokoli . More material in combination with DNA-analyses are needed to test if all the populations of M. ferruginea belong to the same entity.
3. A. Dumont 241 from the Kasai Oriental province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo looks vegetatively like M. ferruginea , but has filiform supra-axillary pedicels and only 15 stamens per flower. This is probably a new species, but more material from that area is needed.
4. J.F. Brunel 7715, with a single old flower, is from Togo, which is far outside the range of the species. Better material is needed to assess if this specimen really belongs to M. ferruginea .
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Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department |
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Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch |
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Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet |
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