Cancellariidae, Forbes & Hanley, 1851

Webster, Nicole B & Vermeij, Geerat J, 2017, The varix: evolution, distribution, and phylogenetic clumping of a repeated gastropod innovation, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 180 (4), pp. 732-754 : 744

Cancellariidae

Many Cancellariidae have varices ( Fig. 2T ), including most Plesiotritoninae and a few Cancellariinae , although varices are lacking in Admetinae . The oldest varicate and nonvaricate species are found in the Maastrichtian Plesiotritoninae (U. Cretaceous) , with a general trend of reducing varices in the Recent taxa of this subfamily compared to extinct Cancellariinae ( Beu & Maxwell, 1987) . Most species of Plesiotritoninae have a few varices scattered up the spire, while a few are at least partially synchronized, as in Tritonoharpa ( Lozouet et al., 2001; Landau, La Perna & Marquet, 2006).

Figures

Figure 2. Examples of varices. (A) Ellobiidae: Pythia scarabaeus (L., 1758), lateral view. (B) Ellobiidae: Ellobium aurisjudae (L., 1758), dorsal view. (C) Epitoniidae: Cirsotrema varicosum (L., 1822) JVM3131, lateral view. (D) Eulimidae: Melanella martinii (A. Adams in Sowerby, 1854) JVM1093, apical view; (D’) Lateral view. (E) Batillariidae: Pyrazus ebeninus (Bruguière, 1792), oblique apical view. (F) Cerithiidae: Cerithium eburneum Bruguière, 1792, JVM1132, apical view. (G) Potamididae: Cerithideopsis californica (Haldeman, 1840), apical view. (H) Strombidae: Laevistrombus canarium (L., 1758), O365(D-58), apertural view. (I) Cassidae: Phalium areola (L., 1758), JVM851, apical view. (J) Bursidae: Crossata ventricosa (Broderip, 1833), apertural view, arrowhead; hollow varix. (K) Pseudomelatomidae: Imaclava sp., apertural view. (L) Drilliidae: Imaclava pilsbryi Bartsch, 1950, JVM3053, lateral view. (M) Muricinae: Chicoreus nobilis Shikama, 1977, apertural view. (N) Aspellinae: Aspella pyramidalis (Broderip, 1833), JVM1488, apical view. (N’) Dorsal view. (O) Typhinae: Haustellotyphis cumingii (Broderip, 1833), JVM1362, apertural view. (P) Ocenebrinae: Eupleura nitida (Broderip, 1833), JVM1504, apertural view. (Q) Colubrariidae: Colubraria tortuosis (Reeve, 1844), apertural view. (R) Columbellidae: Strombina fusinoidea Dall, 1916, JVM1634, apical view. (S) Photinae: Phos senticosus (L., 1758), JVM1676, dorsal view. (T) Cancellariidae: Bivetiella cancellata (Linnaeus, 1767), JVM2879, apertural view. Scale bars: 5 mm; arrows indicate one (not all visible) varix. JVM and O represent the University of Alberta collection specimen numbers, specimens without collection numbers come from the Vermeij collection.