Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826

Zhang, Jianshuang, Zhang, Chengwen & Zhong, Yang, 2025, On small huntsman spiders (Araneae, Philodromidae) occurring in Guizhou and Hubei provinces, China, ZooKeys 1240, pp. 327-368 : 327-368

Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826

Figs 1 , 3 C, D , 14 , 15 , 23 A, B

Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826: 91; Walckenaer 1837: 555 (♂); Simon 1875: 287 (♀); Simon 1932: 854, 884, figs 1299, 1301 (♂ ♀); Zhu and Wang 1963: 477, fig. 28 (♀); Dondale 1964: 825, figs 1, 2, 5, 7–9 (♂ ♀, S of P. rufus virescens); Yaginuma 1986: 216, fig. 121.3 (♀); Song et al. 1999: 476, fig. 271 L (♀); Benjamin 2011: 19, fig. 62 A – G (♂ ♀); Yin et al. 2012: 1248, fig. 670 a, b (♀); Kim and Lee 2017: 76, fig. 43 A – D, pl. 14 (♂ ♀); Zhang et al. 2022: 264, fig. 196 A – G (♂ ♀); Jang et al. 2024 b: 280, figs 1 A – K, 2 B, C (♂ ♀, S of P. pseudoexilis).

Philodromus clarkii : Blackwall 1850: 338 (♂);

Artama rufus : Simon 1864: 416.

Philodromus pellax : Herman 1879: 219, 371 (♂ ♀).

Philodromus clarae : Bertkau 1880: 246, pl. 6, fig. 1 (♂ ♀).

Philodromus pictus : Emerton 1892: 373, pl. 31, fig. 2 (♂ ♀); Emerton 1902: 37, figs 108–110 (♂ ♀).

Philodromus exilis : Banks 1892: 63, pl. 2, fig. 40 (♀).

Philodromus rufus virescens : Simon 1932: 854, 885 (♀).

Philodromus pseudoexilis : Paik 1979: 437, figs 81–89 (♂ ♀); Kim and Jung 2001: 199, figs 41–45 (♂ ♀). 3

Material examined.

China: Guizhou Province: • 1 ♀, Guiyang City, Wudang District, Baoli Park ; 26.63°N, 106.75°E; 1310 m a. s. l.; 5 June 2017; H. Yu et al. leg . • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( YHGY 510 and YHGY 511 used for sequencing, GenBank accession numbers in Table 1 ), Guiyang City, Huaxi District, University Town ; 26.38°N, 106.65°E; 1173 m a. s. l.; 15 July 2024; Q. Jiang et al. leg . • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (1 ♀, YHGY 304 used for sequencing, GenBank accession numbers in Table 1 ), Guiyang City, Huaxi District, Dangwu Town, Xiaba Village ; 26.38°N, 106.60°E; 1138 m a. s. l.; 19 May 2022; H. Yu et al. leg . • 1 ♀, Guiyang City, Huaxi District, Gao po Miao Town, Diba Village ; 26.26°N, 106.85°E; 1216 m a. s. l.; 21 May 2022; H. Yu et al. leg . • 1 ♀, Tongren City, Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County, Guantai Mountain ; 27.98°N, 108.69°E; 1025 m a. s. l.; 20 July 2021; H. Yu et al. leg. ; Hubei Province: • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xianning City, Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve, Yunzhonghu Scenic Area ; 29.39°N, 114.65°E; 480 m a. s. l.; 3 July 2020; Q. Lu et al. leg .

Diagnosis and description.

See Paik (1979), Song and Zhu (1997), Yin et al. (2012) and Jang et al. (2024 b). Habitus as in Figs 14 A – C , 15 A – C . Male palp as in Fig. 14 D – F , epigyne as in Fig. 15 D, E .

Distribution.

North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, Mongolia, China (Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xizang, Shanxi, Hebei, Gansu, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Guizhou, Ningxia, Shandong, Shaanxi; distribution records in Guizhou and Hubei as in Fig. 23 ), Korea, Japan.

Comments.

This species is widely distributed and has been reported from several countries and regions across the Palearctic ( WSC 2025). In China, the species has distribution records in multiple provinces, but there were no formal records of its presence in Guizhou Province before 2022, and no formal records in Hubei to date. Long et al. (2022) reported it as a new record for Guizhou based on specimens from Guiyang but did not provide diagnostic illustrations. Newly available specimens indicate that the species is also distributed in Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province and Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve in Hubei Province (Fig. 23 ). This paper represents the first formal report of the species’ distribution in Hubei Province.

Figures

Figure 1. Sample collection locations for this project. Hubei Province 1 Jiugongshan National Nature Reserve 2 Hubei University of Science and Technology 3 Jiuling Mountain 4 Qizimei Mountain National Nature Reserve; Guizhou Province 5 Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve 6 Mayanghe National Nature Reserve 7 Xishui National Nature Reserve 8 Guiyang City, Kaiyang County 9 Guiyang City, Wudang District 10 Guiyang City, Yunyan District 11 Guiyang City, Huaxi District.

Figure 3. Living specimens of some Philodromidae species treated in this paper A, B Philodromus paiki (♂ ♀) C, D Philodromus rufus (♂ ♀). Photographs by Q. Lu (Shenzhen).

Figure 14. Philodromus rufus, male, habitus (A – C) and left palp (D – F) A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view D prolateral view E ventral view F retrolateral view. Abbreviations: aSDL = ascending part of sperm duct loop; Con = conductor; Cy = cymbium; dSDL = descending part of sperm duct loop; Em = embolus; EmB = embolic base; EmT = embolic tip; pCon = prolateral part of conductor; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; RTP = retrolateral tegular projection; tCon = tip of conductor; Te = tegulum; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 1 mm (equal for A – C); 0.2 mm (equal for D – F).

Figure 15. Philodromus rufus, female, habitus (A – C) and epigyne (D, E) A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view D ventral view E dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD = copulatory duct; EG = epigynal groove; FD = fertilisation duct; GH = glandular head; MS = median septum; R = receptaculum; rMS = rim of median septum (teal green line); rSEF = rim of sclerotised epigynal fold (blue line); SEF = sclerotised epigynal fold. Scale bars: 1 mm (equal for A – C); 0.2 mm (equal for D, E).

Figure 23. Distribution records of the philodromid species in Guizhou Province (A) and Hubei Province (B).