Grishin, Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2025

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2025, Advancing butterfly systematics through genomic analysis, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 12 (5), pp. 1-201 : 168

Lon co Grishin , 2023 and Lon ma Grishin , 2023

are sympatric in Monteverde, Costa Rica

Genomic analysis reveals that Lon co Grishin , 2023 (type locality in Mexico: Guerrero) and Lon ma Grishin , 2023 (type locality in Panama) are sympatric in Monteverde, Puntarenas Province in Costa Rica ( Fig. 132). They have been collected by different collectors in different years, which minimizes the chance of mislabeling. Moreover, one specimen of each species was collected there (elevation 1280 m) on September 7–9, 1988 by P. F. Milner (NVG-24065F01, Fig. 133b, h and NVG-24065E12, Fig. 133f, l), and also in March 1987, J. Brenner collection (NVG-24065E10, Fig. 133a, g and NVG-23048E11, Fig. 133d, j), as indicated on identical labels (within each pair) of these specimens. We use this opportunity to refine phenotypic characters for the identification of these species in the area of sympatry. Three males of each species from the Puntarenas Province are shown in ( Fig. 133). We noticed five characters that may be useful for identification, pointed at by green arrows in the first specimen ( Fig. 133a, g): (1) in L. co, the dorsal hindwing discal orange patch extends deeper into cell CuA 2 -1A+2A and there is somewhat diffuse orange overscaling along and around the vein 1A+2A forming a “ray”, which is absent in L. ma; (2) the dorsal hindwing brown margin is wider in L. co and narrower, especially between veins M 1 and M 3, in L. ma; (3) the ventral hindwing marginal area in L. co is darker than in L. ma towards the tornus, e.g., between veins M 1 and M 3; (4) the discal brown spot in the cell CuA 2 -1A+2A of the ventral hindwing is relatively smaller in L. co than in L. ma, and brown spots in this row directed towards the apex are more similar in size in L. co than in L. ma, in which the inner spot is noticeably larger than others; (5) the anal cell of the ventral hindwing is yellower in L. co than in L. ma, in which it is overscaled with brown.