Entheus dius Mabille, 1898

Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V., 2025, Advancing butterfly systematics through genomic analysis, The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 12 (5), pp. 1-201 : 56

Entheus dius Mabille, 1898 , Entheus aequatorius Mabille & Boullet, 1919 , Entheus latifascius M. Hering, 1925 , and Entheus marmato Salazar & Vargas, [2017], are species distinct from Entheus matho Godman & Salvin, 1879

Genomic analysis of the Entheus matho group reveals that Entheus dius Mabille, 1898 ( type locality in Brazil), Entheus aequatorius Mabille & Boullet, 1919 ( type locality given in the original description as “ Bolivia ” likely by mistake, and may be in Ecuador: Bolivar), Entheus latifascius M. Hering, 1925 ( type locality Colombia, Chocó, Rio Micay), and Entheus matho marmato Salazar & Vargas, [2017] ( type locality in Colombia: Caldas, Marmato-vereda Echandía) are not monophyletic and are genetically differentiated from Entheus matho Godman & Salvin, 1879 ( type locality in Nicaragua: Chontales) and among each other at the species level ( Figs. 44 , 50 ): e.g., COI barcodes in the pairs of closest taxa differ by 1.5% (10 bp, E. aequatorius and E. matho ), 1.7% (11 bp, E. matho marmato and E. matho ), 2.3% (15 bp, E. aequatorius and E. matho marmato ), but more distant from each other, E. latifascius and E. dius differ by 5.3% (35 bp). Therefore, instead of being subspecies of E. matho as currently considered, these four are species-level taxa: Entheus dius Mabille, 1898 , stat. rest., Entheus aequatorius Mabille & Boullet, 1919 , stat. rest., Entheus latifascius M. Hering, 1925 , stat. rest., and Entheus marmato Salazar & Vargas, [2017], stat. nov.

Figures

Fig. 44. Phylogenetic trees of Entheus matho group species inferred from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 1,354,638 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 243,684 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Ultrafast bootstrap (Minh et al. 2013) values are shown at nodes. Primary and secondary type specimens are labeled in red and blue, respectively. Branches of new taxa are shown in red and those with subspecies-to-species status change in blue.

Fig. 50. Phylogenetic trees of Entheus inferred from protein-coding regions in: a) the nuclear genome (autosomes), based on 3,486,282 positions, b) the Z chromosome, based on 279,462 positions, and c) the mitochondrial genome. Ultrafast bootstrap (Minh et al. 2013) values are shown at nodes. Different species groups and subgroups are colored: eumelus group (olive), gentius group (blue), priassus group (cyan, with telemus and pralina subgroups in purple and red, respectively), warreni group (magenta), and matho group (green). New taxa proposed in this work are labeled in red, and those with taxonomic changes, such as subspecies-to-species or synonym-to-species status (changes indicated in brackets), are labeled in blue.