Trogidae MacLeay, 1819

Costa-Silva, Vinícius da, Ferreira, André da Silva, Bordin, Bruna R., Basílio, Daniel S., Rodrigues, Diego F., Gama, Emanuel R. R., Fuhrmann, Juares, Mariano, Júlia, Bevilaqua, Marcus, Cherman, Mariana A., Duarte, Paulo R. M., Grossi, Paschoal C. & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z., 2024, Brazilian Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) in the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna, with a key for families and subfamilies, Zoologia (e 23075) 41, pp. 1-37 : 17

Trogidae MacLeay, 1819

Figs 5G, 6E

Diagnosis. Adults of Trogidae differ from other Scarabaeoidea families by presenting an abdomen with five ventrites and the dorsal surface of elytra with tubercles. Only few exceptions exist within trogids, such as Omorgus (Haroldomorgus) batesi ( Harold, 1872) , where the tubercles are absent; for further details, refer to Costa-Silva et al. (2021). Trogidae species share a morphological resemblance with Glaresidae species. Nevertheless, these two families can be distinguished by the absence of eyes divided by a canthus in Trogidae ( Fig. 6E), a feature that is present in Glaresidae (see Scholtz 1986 and Strümpher et al. 2016 for more detailed information; Fig. 6D).

Remarks. Trogidae are a cosmopolitan family with approximately 340 described species in five genera and two extant subfamilies ( ZÍdek 2017, also see Strümpher et al. 2016 for an overview of the family). For Brazil, the trogids are a welldocumented group consisting of 17 species belonging to two genera: Polynoncus Burmeister, 1876 , and Omorgus Erichson, 1847 ( Costa-Silva and Vaz-de-Mello 2023b).The Brazilian fauna of Omorgus was recently reviewed by Costa-Silva et al. (2021), who reported seven species in two subgenera (the widespread Omorgus and the monotypic Haroldomorgus Scholtz, 1986). The genus Polynoncus , endemic from South America, was recently reviewed by Costa-Silva et al. (2024), where 38 described species were recognized ( Scholtz 1990, Costa-Silva and Diéguez 2020, Costa-Silva et al. 2024), with 10 reported from Brazil ( Vaurie 1962, Scholtz 1990, ZÍdek 2017, Costa-Silva and Vaz-de-Mello 2023b). A dichotomous key and high-resolution photographs of types of Polynoncus and Brazilian Omorgus can be found in Costa-Silva et al. (2024) and Costa-Silva et a. (2021), respectively.

The morphological description of trogid larvae is a poorly explored field of study. According to ZÍdek (2017), only four larvae description are known to South America, being only two from Brazil: Omorgus suberosus ( Fabricius, 1775) and O. persuberosus ( Vaurie, 1962) – see Scholtz (1993).

Species of Trogidae are typically collected throughout the year using various methods such as pitfall traps baited with decaying organic matter, light traps, flight interception traps (FIT), or by actively searching under animal carcasses (the former for larvae and adults).